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rrc nits'

ABERRATIONAL

AND

SUBSPECIFIC FORMS OF BRITISH

LEPIDOPTERA

! ' ■ )

BY I

A. 1. GOODSON & D, K. READ.

r\

Ik

I

I'l

h

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

I

Volume 7

Noctuidae Part 1

i

Aberrational Forms

Noctuidae Vol. I. Index to .Species.

advena Fabr.			dahlii Hbn.	D.	22.
see bofoycina Kufn.	P.	58.	decimalis Foda.	rp «	93.
advena Schiff.	0.	83.	denticulatus Haw.	•	8.
see opima Hbn.			dentina Hufn.
agatliina Dup.	A.	28.	see nana Billb.		63.
albico] on I-Ibn.	H.	91.	depuncta Linn.	A.	27.
albimacula Bkh.	H.	74.	dissimilis Knoch,
alpicola Zett.	A «	29.	see suasa Schiff.		OO «
ashworthii Dbldy.	A.	30.	ditrapezium Schiff.	A.	34.
augur Fabr.	G.	19.	dysodea Schiff. \	H.	70.
baja Schiff.	A •	32.	exclamationis Linn.	A .	11.
barrettii Dbldy.	H.	79.
bi color at a Kufn.	II .	71.
bicruris Hufn.	H.	76.	festive Schiff.
biren Goeze.	H.	69.	see mendica Fabr.		21 .
bombycina Auct#			fimbriata Schreb.	L.	43.
see biren Goeze.	Had.	69.	flammea Curt.	Mel .	97.
bombycina Hufn.	Pol.	58.	flamrnea Schiff.	Pan.	90.
brassicae Linn.	M.	53.	florida Schmidt.	D.	24.
brunnea Schiff. .	D.	20.	genistae Bkh.
caesia Schiff.	H.	72	see w-latinum Hufn.		65 •
calcatrippae View.	H.	92.	glareosa Esp.	jr\. ♦	26.
capsincola Schiff.			glauca Hbn.
see bicruris Kufn.	II .	76.	see biren Goeze.		69.
capsophila Dup.	H.	37.	gothica Linn.	0.	81 .
carpophaga Skh.			gracilis Schiff.	C.	89.
see perplexa Schiff.	H.	78.	graminis Linn.	c.	95.
castanea Esp.	A.	31.
cespitis Schiff. chrysozona Bkh.	T.	94.	hepatica Clerck.	p.	57.
see dysodea Schiff.	H.	70	herb i da Schiff.
cinerea Schiff.			see prasina Schiff.		40.
see denticulatus Haw.	A.	8.
clavigerus Haw.
see clavis Hufn.	A.	7.	incerta Hufn.	0.	36.
clevis Kufn.	A •	7.	instabilis Hon.	0.	86.
c-nigrum Linn.	A.	33.	interjecta Hbn.	T“» SL 1 9	46.
comes- Hbn.	a.	44.	ipsilon Hufn.	j\ •	12.
ccrnpta Schiff.	u •	75.	irregularis Hufn.	A •	So.
confusa Hufn. conspersa Schiff.	H.	73.
see confusa Hufn.	H.	73.	janthina Schiff.	Ej •	42.
conspicillaris Linn.	X.	96.
contigua Schiff.	H .	63 .
coraigera Thunb.	A.	53.	lepida Esp.
corticea Schiff.			see perplexa Schiff.		78.
see clavis Hufn.	A.	7.	leucographa Schiff.	or 9	49.
cruda Schiff.	0.	83.	lucernea Linn.	r* A •	1 oA .
cucubali Schiff.			lunigera Stephs.	A •	I u ♦
see rivularis Fabr.	H.	77.
cursoria Hufn.	T? J-l 9	1 .	melanopa Thunb.	.a 0	54.
			mendica Fabr.	D.	21 .
			miniosa Schiff.	0.	32;
			munda Schiff.	0.	87.
			myrtilli Linn.	IN .4 •	52.

Ab err at ional

orm£

I'Joctuidae Vol. L

Index to Species (cont.).

nana Billb .	H.	63.	stabilis Schiff.
nana Pott.			stigmatica Hbn.
see confusa ilufn.		73.	see rhomb oidea Esp.
nebulosa Hufn.	P.	39.	strigula Thunb.
nigricans Linn.	T p J-J •	2.	see varia de Vill.
nitens Haw.			suasa Schiff.
see bombycina Hufn.		53.	subs e qua Schiff.
			see orbona Hufn.
\ obelisca Schiff.	E.	L < 0
occulta Linn.	TP »	4l 1 1 0	thalassina Hufn.
oleracea Linn.	D.	61 .	tincta Brahm.
opima Hon.	0.	88.	see hepatica Clerck
orbona Hufn.	E.	43.	triangulum Hufn.
			trifolii Hufn.
			tritici Linn.
perolexa Schiff.	H.	78	trux Hbn.
persicariae Linn.	M.	36.	typica Linn.
piniperda Panz.
see flammea Schiff.		90.
pisi Linn.	C.	62.	urnbrosa iron.
plecta Linn.	0.	23.	see sexstrigata Haw
popular is Fabr.
see decimalis Poda.		93.
populeti Fabr.	0.	35.	varia de Vill.
porphyrea sensu Edelsten			vestigialis Hufn.
see saucia Hbn.		16.
porphyrea Schiff.
see varia de Vill.		14.	w-latinum Hufn.
praecox Linn.	A.	15.
prasina Schiff.	i-i. •	40.
pro nub a Linn.	N.	47.	xanthographa Schiff.
pulverulenta Esp.	0.	33.
puta ilon.	A.	9.
putris Linn.	A .	39.
pyrophila Schiff.
see simulans Hufn.		17.

ravida Schiff. reticulata de Vill.	«	13.
see calcatrippae View.		92.
rhomb oidea Esp.	A -***. •	36.
ripae Hbn.	«	13.
rivularis Fabr.	H.	77-
rubi View.	D.	23.
rubricosa Fabr.	C.	50.

sagittigera Hufn.	P.	60.
saponariae Bkh.
see calcatrippae View.		92.
saucia Hbn.	P.	16.
segetum Schiff.	A.	5.
serena Schiff.
see bicolorata Hufn.		71.
sexstrigata Haw.	A.	38.
simulans Hufn.	H.	17.
sobrina 3sd.	E -i-j •	43.
spinaciae Vi ew.

see dysodea Scliiff.

0. 84.

36. -14

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TT r s

n. OO •

43.

H. 67.

37. A . 33 .

rv J.

1/ • O4^ «

E. 3 •

A. 10. N. 51.

38.

T lit

A. 6.

H. 63. A. 37.

70

I

/} loot. ■ I ■

p. I.

Euxoa Hbn,

s

cursoria Hufn. aberrational forms etc.

cur soria Hufn. typical form.

Ground colour yellowish-grey to yellowish, often with brov/nish tint, roar king3 distinct.

spec. ?. 3agitta Hbn. Saraml.Sur. Schmett. 1809-13 pi. 130 f.59^.

The figure shows the costa and inner margin bright ochreous,the latter with a reddish tint. Above the median nervure a long blackish wedge-shaped mark in which are placed the reniform and orbicular , contrastingly paler. Enis extends from just before the reniform down to the fine transverse basal line. Below the median nervure dark brown. A pale transverse 3hade between the dark median area and the dark margin,the veins whitened.

This is now .regarded as a separate species and not an aberration of cursoria, see Seitz Suppl. 3 p.242.

ab. sagittata Stgr. Iris ( I896) 1897: 9? p.249.

Eorewings with a lighter (whiter) costal stripe, the stignata mostly lighter with a dark surround. The forewings with fewer transverse and longitudinal lines but all sorts of transitions occur.

ab.mulleri Hanel. Int. Ent. Z. 1920 13 p. 185.

On the whole resembling sagittata Stgr.but the inner and outer transverse lines of the forewing are completely absent.

ab. nigrovittata Hanel. Int. Ent. Z. 1920 13 P. 185.

Ground colour of the forewings yellowish-brown,the area between the inner and outer transverse lines i3 dark brown. The darkening reaches the inner margin but the costal area above the subcostal vein is yellowish.

ab. nigrescens Hanel. Int. Ent. Z. I920 13 p. I85.

General colour of the forewings black brown with the exception of a fine pale yellow surround to the orbicular and reniform, and a pale yellow submarginal line.

ab.obscura Stgr. Cat.Sd,2. 187I.p. 86.

Forewings almost totally red-brown.

ab. mixta Fabricius. Ent. Syst. 1794 3 pt.2 p. 36 no.9I.

Forewings greyish-white with the transverse markings distinct. .

ab. obsoleta Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892 2 p. 41 & 42.

Neither the transverse lines nor longitudinal markings dev eloped, the stignata faintly perceptible.

ab. obsoleta-puncta Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1992 2 p. 42.

As the above obsoleta but with the lower part of the reniform represented by a black spot.

ab. coerulea Tutt. Brit. Npct. 1892 2 p. 40.

Ground colour slate grey , including costa.

ab. costa-coerulea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892 2 p. 40.

Ground colour slate-grey with the costa pale.

ab. pallida Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892 2 p.4I.

Ground colour greyish-white, slightly ochreous ,with longitudinal markings, ab.ochrea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 199^ 2.p. 41.

Ground colour yellow-ochreou3 with longitudinal markings, ab.brunnea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892 2 p. 41.

Ground colour brown with a reddish tint with distinct transverse markings, ab. distincta Tutt. Brit. Noct. I892 2 p. 42.

Ground colour pale as in pallida Tutt but the space between the orbicular and reniform, a wedge-shaped spot beyond the orbicular , another spot outside the reniform, the claviform and a longitudinal marking under the base of the median nervure are deep blackish-brown.

p.2

cursoria Hufn. continued

ab. marginata Tut.. Brit. Noct. 1892 2 p. 43.

Whole of forewings as far as the subterminal line of a deep blackish fuscous, the outer area beyond the subterminal is ochreous.

ab.puncta Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892 2 p. 41.

Unicolorous greyish-white with markings absent except a dark dot which is the lower part of the reniform.

ab. cruda. van Wisselingh. Bnt. Ber. (Amst. ) . 1962. 22. p. 141.

Forewings practically without markings, except for the orbicular and reniform, and the two transverse lines. These lines are dark and contrast strongly with the ground colour.

ab.fusca Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent.1962.105rP.157i pl.l5f*5 & 6.

Ground colour of the forewings rather dark brownish without any red tint; markings normal.

Lempke says this is the principal form on the Dutch heaths, but also occurs to a lesser extent on the dunes along the North Sea coast of Holland.

Noct. 2

P. I.

Euxoa Hbn,

nigricans L. aberrational forms etc.

ab. rubricans Esper.Sur.Schmett.i78B 4 p.395 pi. 130 f.2.

Forewings dark reddish-brown, the markings lighter.

ab.vilis Hubner. Saraml.Eur. Schmett. I809-I3 fig. 511.

Dark r eddish- brown, the stigmata and transverse lines whitish-yellow.

The figure does not look at all like nigricans.

ab. quadrata Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892 2 p.33*

Dark reddish-brown with a dark quadrate spot between the orbicular and reniform. ab. ochrea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1992 2 p. 33.

Dark reddish-brown with transverse strigae nearly obsolete but the stignata and transverse shades along the nervures ochreous.

ab. ruris Haworth, Lep, Brit. 1809 p.22I.

Pale reddish with the stignata and transverse lines yellowish.

It would seem doubtful if this belongs to nigricans , Haworth refers to the figure in Hubner Eur. Schmett Moot. fig. 4Io which looks more like obelisca.

ab. fusco-variegata Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1992 2 p. 34.

Dark reddish-brown with dark quadrate snot between the orbicular and reniform which are ochreous as are also the transverse shades along the nervures.

ab. obeliscata Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1^09 p.222.

Pale reddish with the 3pace between the orbicular and reniform and also beyond the orbicular, much darker than the ground tint.

ab. rufa Tutt. Brit. Noct. I892 2 p.33«

Pale reddish with the stigmata and strigae paler.

ab« striata Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892 2 p. 33-.

Palo reddish with -the--s4ig^iata,tranevorao otrigao ami longitudinal dashes- along the nervures ochreous. See p.

ab. rufo-variegata Tutt. Brit. Noct. I892 2 p.33*

Pale reddish with a darker patch between the stignata which are bright ochreous together with the longitudinal dashes along the nervures.

ab. pallida Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892 2 p.33*

Ground colour grey with a reddish tinge, the stignata and strigae almost obsolete

ab. flavo-pallida ?utt. Brit. Noct. I892 2 p.33*

Grey with a reddish tinge, the stignata and strigae yellow.

ab. dubia Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1809 p.222.

Blackish fuscous with darker stignata and strigae and conspicuous white line on outer margin.

nigricans L. typical form.

Brownish black with the stignata paler.

ab. marshallana Westwood. Humphrey & 'Westwood Brit, Moths 1843 p. 122 pi. 24 f . 15. Blackish brown with yellow strigae and, to a lesser extent , stignata.

ab. ursina Godart. Pap.de France 1824 27I pl.71 f . 3*

Blackish brown with darker transverse lines and stigmata ,the outer border of reniform whitish. A subterminal line of whitish ooints.

ab. fuliginea Hubner. Samml. Eur. Schmett. 1809“ 13 pi. 131 f. 602.

Smoky black and almost unicolorous,the 3tignata and subterminal line faintly outlined.

Tutt credits Godart with this form incorrectly.

/7/f¬ ab, fumida Warren. Seitz 1909.3 p. 31.

= fumosa Godart. Pap.de France, 1824 5 p.264 pi. 70 f. 3~4. ( nom.preoc.Fabr. )

Smoky brown with ochreous reniform and yellowish subterminal line.

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Moot. 2. nigricans L. continued.

p.2.

ab. fumosa Fabricius. Ent. Syst. 1794 3 part 2 p. 115 no. 348.

Black, with a subterminal row of white points.

Similar apparently to ursina Godart but forewings much darker.

ab. carbonea Hubner. Sami. Bur. Schmett. 1809“ 13 pi. 151 f. 100.

Hie figure shows the ground colour blackish with the transverse lines and stignata yellowish, especially the subterminal line.

1844 p.193)

•&>*<>. 1842 3 p.545. (i’aun.Volgo-Uralensis Dark brown, the markings more or less obsolete.

ab.fumata Warren Seitz 1914 3 p. Jl,

= fumosa Haworth, (nom.preoc. Fab. ) Lee. Brit. 180 9 p.22I.

Black with the upper stignata pale edged.

ab. striata Tutt. Brit. TJoct. 1892 2 p. 33.

= radiata Turner. Ent.Sec. 48. Suppl. Tutt ’s Brit.Woct. 1936 p.(40)

Pale reddish, the claviform and reniform distinctly ochreous. The elbowed and subterminal lines consisting of ochreous dots, the space between them strongly sprinkled with ochreous along the nervures giving a streaked aopearance,the striations extending to the outer margin.

Turner's radiata apoears to be exactly the same —The waved line and outer marginal line emphasized by light straw dots, each joined to its corresponding dot by a light horizontal connection along the vein.

ab. subradiata Turner. Ent.Hec.48. Suppl. Tutt' s Brit.N0ct.i936 p. (40)

With medium brown nervures, the stignata outlined with blackish brown, the orbicular with brown dot in centre. The rest of the wing is of a dirty cream with a slight brown suffusion near the inner margin base and a band across the wing. It has a curious radiated appearance.

This appears to be an extreme form of striata Tutt.

ab. junctoides Lempke, Tijds.Ent. 1962.103. p.155*

The orbicular and reniform touch each other.

Lempke usually gives the name "juncta" to this form but states that since Foltin ha3 used the name for a different form he has had to use "junctoides”. Acceding to Lempke Foltin1 s juncta is the form in which the stignata are confluent, forming one stigna,with no boundary at point of juncture. Since it is not possible to be certain without seeing the type, the description merely saying”the orbicular and reniform connected" , Lempke 's determination is accented See Tijdsch. Ent. 105. p.155.

ab. juncta Foltin. Zts.Ost.Ent.Ver.l938.23.p. 125.

The description merely says "the orbicular and reniform connected" , the German word being "verbunden".

This may mean several different ways of connection. Lempke states that in his view the form is the one in which the stignata are confluent, with no boundary line at point of juncture.

ab. semiconfluens Lucas. Ent. Ber. ( Amsterdam) . 1959* 19. p.204. The orbicular and reniform connected by a double line.

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Buxoa Hbn,

tritici L. aberrational forms etc.

ab, eruta Hubner, Sarartl. Bur, Schmett. 1814- TJ pi, 136 f. 623.

Greyish-brown, the markings more or less distinct in a lighter grey, costa not pale. Gorti in Seitz Suppl, Say3 this is now a separate species,

ab, coerulea Tutt. Brit, Noct, 1892 2 p.45.

Clear slate or dove-colour without pale costa, the markings more or less distinct ab, obsoleta Tutt, Brit, TToct, 1892 2 p, 45,

Pale slaty- grey, without pale costa, the markings obsolete, ab.puncta-obsoleta Tutt, Brit, Noct, 1892 2 p.4p.

Pale slaty-grey,without pale costa, the markings obsolete except for the lower half of the reniform which is blackish,

ab. pallida Tutt, Brit, Noct, 1892 2 p.46.

Greyish-white, without pale costa, the markings more or less distinct, ab.fusca Tutt, Brit, Noct. 1 892 2 p.46.

Pale greyish-fuscous, without pale costa, the markings distinct, ab, sordida Haworth, Lep. Brit. 1803 p.222.

Bark greyish-brown,without pale costa, the markings distinct. ab.pupillatu3 Haworth. Lep, Brit. 1809 p.II8.

Dark greyish-brown, without pale costa, the stigmata 3ubocellate,the median area pale.

ab. ochracea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1 8 92 2 p.46.

Pale yellowish-ochreous, without pale costa, the markings more or less distinct, ab.valligera Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1809 p.222.

Reddish-brown, without pale costa, the markings more or less distinct, ab. cuneigera Stephens. Ill. Haust. 2 p.123.

Reddish brown or dusky a3h,the transverse lines obsolescent but a series of acute wedge-shaped fuscous spots towards the margin.

This was obviously named to cover all forms with large cuneate spots in the margin since Stephens himself say3 the colour and markings vary considerably.

ab. hortorum Stephens. Ill. Haust. t&Xty 2 p. 122.

Deep dusky ash, without pale costa, the markings distinct and showing a row of elongated dusky streaks on the margin as in the prasecing cuneigera. The hind- wings are fuscous, the body deep fuscous. The darker hindwings and brown abdomen distinguish it from tritici typical form.

ab.venosa Stephens. Ill, Haust, f&3f. 2 p.123.

Grey brown without pale costa, the markings distinct but without marginal wedge-shaped streaks. The nervures of the wing are pale griseous-ash.

It would seem by the name that this form was separated because of the pale veins and not on colour or markings.

ab. nigra Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892 2 p. 47.

Black, without pale costa, the markings more or less distinct.

'*?X

ab. costa-nigra Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1829- 2 p. 47.

Black, with a pale costal streak well developed.

The name does not make sense.

ab, nigro-fusca Bsper. Bur. Schmett. r/88 4 pt.2 p.383 pi. 127 f. 6.

Reddish brown with pale ochreous costa, the longitudinal markings blackish and distinct. The transverse lines do not show in the figure, the costa is also shown as unicolorous with the ground,the figure is bad.

tritici L. typical form.

Dark greyish-brown with lighter costa.

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tritici L. continued,

subgothica Haworth, is an .American species. Tutt treated it as a form of tritici which has been narneck ab. pseudo gothica by Parkinson Curti3,see below.

Tutt.

ab.pseudogothica Parkinson Curti3. Bnt.Hec.i927 39 p. 141. (nom, nov.pro subgotha = subgothica Tutt. ( nec. Haworth. ) Brit. Noct. I892 2 p. 46.

Pale greyish-fuscous, with pale costa and a dark space between the 3tignata and no cuneiform spots.

ab. sagittifera^ Stephens. Ill. Haust. I892 2 p. 119.

Greyish-white with pale costa, a long black arrow-shaped line at base and the ■space between the stignata deep fuscous, also a black streak extending from the clavif orm. On the margin an angulated bale line with a few dusky wedge- shaped lines.

ab. obsoleta-pallida Tutt. Brit. Moot. 1892 2 p. 46.

Greyish-white, with pale costa and indistinct markings.

ab. costa-coerulea Tutt. Brit. Tibet. 1892 2 p. 45.

Clear slate or dove-colour , with pale costa, the transverse and longitudinal markings more or less distinct.

ab.minor-coerulea Tutt. Brit. Noct. I892 2 p. 45.

Clear slate or dove-colour, with pale costa, the markings more or less distinct but very small in size.

ab. costa-obsoleta Tutt. 3rit. Noct. I892 2 p. 45.

pale s 1 aty- grey, with pale costa and transverse markings indistinct,the longitudinal ones slightly developed

ab. costa-fusca Tutt. Brit. Noct. I892 2 p.46.

Pale greyish-fu3cous,with pale costa and distinct transverse markings.

ab. albilinea Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1809 p.223.

= lineolata Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1809 p.223.

Reddish-brown with white costa and distinct markings, a row of cuneiform spots on margin.

lineolata is so similar as to be not worth separating, the cuneiform marginal spots are more developed.

ab.virgata Tutt. Brit, Noct. 1892 2 p. 58,

= fasciata Richardson. Ent.Rec. 1952 64 p.272. pi. XI fig. 23.

A distinct, dark, central band between the complete basal line and the elbowed line, deep reddish-brown on a reddish-ochreous ground. Tutt refers to the real ba3al line as the incomplete one, the "complete" one is actually the antemedian. Richardson’s fasciata is described as having the median areas of the forewing darkened to form a pronounced band.

ab. juncta Lempke. Tijdschr.Bnt. 1939 82 p.2I7. (description p. 197)

The stignata, orbicular and renif orm, distinctly .joined,

ab. 3eraiconf luens Lempke. Tijdschr.Bnt. 1939 82 p.2I7 (description p. 197 )

The stignata joined together by a double line.

ab.confluens Lempke. Tijdschr.Bnt. 1939 82 p. 2TJ (descsiption p. 197 )

The orbicular and reniform joined, forming one single spot, their boundary absent at the point of juncture.

ab. ocellina Stephens, (nec. Schiff. ) Ill. Haust. 1829 2 p. 122.

Dusky or rufescent with pale costal streak, abbreviated. The stignata ocellated, slightly rufescent in the middle with a narrow pale-ashy margin.

ab. obeliscata Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1809 p.222.

See nigricans for this form. Some authors place it under tritici. obeliscata Wagner. Mitt.Munch.Bnt. Ges. I929 19 P*74.

Almost certainly a subspecies. From Turkestan, 12 June to 20 July, so apparently taken in series^ therefore not an aberration.

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p*3*

tritici Linn*, continued.

a b. vino sa Schawerda. Zts.Ost.Ent. Ver. 1930* 15*P*9*

The normal light brawn ground colour covered over with light wine-red, the black markings normal but weaker.

ab.fumosoldes Gulot. [Oberth. in litt. j Noct.& Geom. (1909-13)l9H*l(l)*P*78;pl.l2,

' f.15.

The figure shows the ground colour unicolorous y ellow-br own , the markings distinct, and without a. ny trace of a paler costa.

ab.rhabdota Bdelsten. South’s Moths Brit. Isles 1961* New Ed., Ser.l.pl.41,f*7 & 8;

p.128.

Usually larger than the typical form, and the ground colour more ochreous.

Since the plate and its legend are bound into the book before the page bearing the description, the plate i3 cited first in the reference.

ab. bicolor Lanpke. Tijdschr. Eat. 1962 . 105* p. 133*

The basal and suctnarginal area.3 brown, the central and marginal areas unicolorous greyish, the subterminal line sharp.

ab. unicolor Lonpke. rijdschr.Ent.l962,105.p.l53> pl.l,f#10.

On the forewings all the markings are absent, with the exception of the orbicular and renifonn, which are still feebly visible.

ab. xantho staxis Lerapke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1962. lOp.p. 133*

ihe orbicular and renifom pale, without dark centre, sharply contrasting with the unicolorous forewings.

ab.protensa Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1962. 105 .p* 154.

Tie orbicular lengthened towards the base and touching the anteoiedian line.

ab.lyra HoffVaeyer & Knud sen. Danske Storsommerf ugle. 1932* p. 98 & 3^9? ^ig*

ab.brevipennis Hofftaeyer. Flora og Fauna 1958.64.p.l2»

We have not seen the original; presumably this is the usual ’ ' b r ev ip e m i 3 " - f o rm , with the wings shortened and rounded.

• V

O

<*

o C

Noct. 4,

p. I.

Euxoa Hbn.

obelisca Schiff. aberrational form3 eto.

obelisca Schiff. the typical form is dull reddish brown with ochreous costa, race stephensii Heydemann. Int. Bnt. Z. 1933 27 p.24o.

Ground colour of the forewings blackish- grey, tinged with yellow, the costa lighter as far as the reniform.

British specimens would appear to belong to this race.

ab.villiersii Guenee. Ann. Soc.Ent. Prance 1837 6 p. 173. pl« 8 f.2.

= villiersii Hbn.-Geyer. Samml.Eur. Schmett.pl. I83 f. 869-870.

This form does not belong to obelisca but to E.temera Hbn. , according to Gorti in Seitz Suppl.3 p. 28.

ab. ruris Hubner. Samml.Eur. Schmett.pl. 89 f. 416.

= ruris Guenee. Uoctuelles 5 p.292.

Hot an obelisca form but belongs to E.temera group. See Seitz 3 Suppl. p.28.

It would seem almost impossible to olace these old figures correctly in such a variable group and therefore better not to use the names.

hastifera Donzel. Trans. Ent. Soc. France 1847 p.525

This is now considered a separate species together with - -

ab.carboni3 Warren. Seitz 1914 3 p. 27. which is a form of hastifera and not of obelisca as stated by its author Warren.

ab. plectoides Guenee. Uoctuelles 3 p.292

Shining violet-brown, resembling plecta. uniform, without any transverse lines and little trace of the subterminal.

Possibly not obelisca.

ab. ? prat incola Borkhausen. Naturegesch.p. 593. no. 225.

Treated by most authors as a synonym of the type form,not worthy of separartion. ab. grisea 'Tutt. Brit. Hect. I892 2 p. 31.

Grey ground colour shading imperceptibly into the still paler costa which therefore does not stand out conspicuously as in dark forms.

ab. juncta Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1939 82 p,2I4 (description p. 197)

The orbicular and reniform join but remain distinct.

ab. unicolor Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1939 82 p.214.

Forewings unicolorous. All the markings, also the black filling-up of the middle cell, are absent ,only the orbicular and reniform are weakly ringed with black ana therefore just visible.

ab.badia Gillmer. Int.Ent. 4. 1910 4 p. 145.

Unicolorous dark red-brown, the costa of the same shade, traces of transverse lines.

ab. nigrescen3 Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1962. lOp.p.lpl.

Tlie ground colour of the forewings blackish, without any trace of a red tint.

ab.protensa Lempke. Tijdschr. Ant. 1962.105#p«151»

The orbicular lengthened towards the base, and touching the ant (median line.

ab.br evapennis Lempke. Tijdschr. Ant. 1962. lOp.p. lpl, Fore- and hindwings strongly shortened.

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Agrotis 0.

segetum Schiff. aberrational forms etc.

ab. catenatus Haworth. Leo. Brit. 1803 p. 114.

Pale grey with distinct transverse lines and 3tignata.

ab. monileus Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1803 p.II3.

Pale grey with more or less indistinct suffused mar kings, irrorated and clouded with black.

segetum Schiff. type form.

Varying shades of dark brown, the markings more or less distinct, ab. segetis Hubner. Samml. Eur. Schmett. 1800-03 pi. 31 f. 146.

The figure shows the upper half of the forewings dark brown, the lower half pale grey, the transverse lines very distinct, also a diagonal median shade.

ab. fuscosa Esper. Schmett. Eur. 1786 3 p. 324 pi. 64 f . 4.

Rather pale greyish-brown,the markings more or less distinct.

ab.caliginosa Esper. Schmett. Eur. 1786 3 p.323 pi. 64 f. 3.

Red-brown, the lines somewhat indistinct, stigaata distinct. (See also ab.deiineata Lerapke, on

p.3 of these notes.)

ab.pectinatus Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1803 p. 115.

Pale grey, the claviforra small, the transverse line beyond the reniform double instead of single.

ab.. spinulus Haworth. Lep. Brit. I8O3 p.IIjj.

Grey, with the postmedian line replaced by a row of pale spots, ab. connexus Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1803 p. Il6.

Grey, with the reniform and orbicular joined by a double line, ab. corticcus Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1803 p. Il6.

Grey, with the orbiclar tridentate instead of round and the lines partially obliterated.

ab.venosus Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1803 p. Il6.

Forewings with the veins broadly fuscus.

ab. subatratus Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1803 p. Il6.

Blackish-grey, with arow of pale dots parallel to the margin.

ab. nigricornis Villers. Linn.Ent. I789 2 p.173.

= nigricornutus Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1803 p. II).

The antennae black a3 well as the f orewings , the markings mostly hidden by the black ground.

ab. anthracitica Alpheraky. Horr.Soc.Bnt.Soss.i9O8 38 p.390.

Forewings completely unicolorous black with the exception of a luteous marginal line. This must be very similar to subatratus Haw. but much blacker.

ab.paradoxa Cockayne. Ent.Bec. I952 64p.I89.pl. 8 f. I.

The median area between the transverse lines is pale brownish, the basal area and marginal area blackish.

ab. bilineata Cockayne. Ent. 3ec.I952 64 p. I89.

,.ae ground colour pale, the ante and postmedian lines well marked, the reniform and faintly marked orbicular are present but all other mar kings, except two fine lines at the extreme base, are absent.

ab.serainigra Cockayne. Ent. Sec. 1952 64 p. I89 pi. 8 f.2.

Forewings with a heavy suffusion of black from the base to the outer border of the reniform and the costa a3 far as the subterminal line is blackish, the rest of the wing is pale and normal.

ab.mediocuneata Cockayne. Ent. Sec. 1932 64 p. 189 pi. 8 f.3.

Pale ground, the reniform and orbicular pale filled in the centre with blackish-brown, a streak 01 blackish— brown running from the antemedian to the orbicular, broadening and filling the space between the stigaata and continuing as a still broader stripe to the postmedian forming a roughly pear-shaped dark area in which the stigaata stand out con3picuously,a narrow blackish band along the termen,the transverse lines in'i tinct. I*3i^ area outside the postmedian is almost clear, the rest of the wing from base to the postmedian faintly irrorated.

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segetum Schiff. continued.

Noct.5#

p.2.

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ab. semiconfluens Cockayne. Ent. Sec. 1952. 64, p. 189.

- semiconfluens Lucas. Eat. Bar. (Amst. ) .1959* 19*P* 204.

The reniform and orbicular are united by a narrow isthmus.

ab.marginata Cockayne. Ent. See. 1952 64 p. 1 90 pi. 8 f. 4.

Porewings blackish as far as the subterminal line, outwards from this it is pale, with a row of marginal interneural black dots ana a faint shading .just outside the subterrainal line.

ab. pallida Staudinger. Stett. Ent. Z. 1881 42 p.423.

Wings pale yellowish grey to ash grey, the markings more or less absent, ab.pallida-obsoleta Dannehl. Ent. Z. 1925 39 p. 135*

Ground colour smooth greyish-yellow,the stignata and outer line completely absent, but the marginal spots strongly shaded, often forming an irregular broad submarginal band.

ab. unicolor Pillich, Sov. Lap ok. 1999 l6 p. 187.

Porewings unicolorous, without marking,

ab. albiptera Turati. Atti. Soc. Ital. Sc. Nat. 1921 60 p. 225.fi g.

Male with the hindwings pure silky white, uninterrupted by the usual dark shading and darkened veins.

Turati say3 the genitalia is different from segetum but hesitates to make a separate species on the strength of one specimen.

ab.pseudocos Tutati. Atti. Soc. Ital. 3c. Mat. 1924 63 p.6l pi. 3 f . 3»

Pemale,very much resembles A.sicula Oberth. ,the double transverse lines are well indicated on a uniform brownish- grey ground with no speckling which is slightly reminiscent of a. cos.

ab.minorata Turati. Atti. Soc. Ital. Sc. Mat. 1924 63 p.6l pi. 3 f. 1-2.

Small form.

Turati’s specimens were taken in May-June,he describes it as a small summer form.

ab. inf uscofasciata Chalmers -Hunt. Bntom. 1961. 94. p. 281.

Ground colour pale brown; subterrainal paler with darker shading proximally; marginal area darker than ground,nervures pale. Antemedian bordered distally by black line from costa to inner margin; po3tmedian bordered by similar black line from reniform to inner margin. Orbicular and reniform dark centred ’with intervening space partly filled in with dark scales. Interneural spaces from antemedian to orbicular and from reniform to postmedian filled with black, the space between 2 and 3 also filled with black, Claviform same colour as ground; the proximal and anterior part of the space between I and 2 filled with black and the rest of the space speckled with black.

The specimen is figured in Eroc. 3. bond. Ent. Mat. Hist. Soc. 1938-39 pi. 2 fig. 3.

ab.juncta Lucas. Ent. Ber. (Anst, ) .1959* 19*P«204.

The orbicular and reniform touching each other.

Lucas gives reference to the figure of the ” juncta"-type of variation by Lempka at Tijdschr.Ent. 82. p.196.

ab.fuscolinbata Larapke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1962.105*p» 163-

The marginal area of the forewings, (between the submarginal line and the temen) is blackish, contrasting with the pale ground colour of the wings.

ab.protensa Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 19 62. 105*p*l63*

The orbicular lengthened towards the base and touching the atemeaian line.

ab.nictitans Lempke. Tijdschr.Snt,1962.105.p*l64.

Porewings with the ground colour unicolorously dark, the transverse lines normal, but the orbicular and reniform with a pale edge, and therefore very

striking.

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A. segetum Schiff . continued

ab. centrifasciata Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1962, 10%p. 164; pl.l,f.7. Porewings with a thick central ahadow-line.

ab.delineata Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1962.10p.p.l64.

Porewings with the stignata well developed, but the transverse line3 completely absent or only quite weakly visible. Particularly striking in specimens with a light ground colour.

Presumably more extreme than ab.caliginosa Bsper, p.l of -these notes. Lerapke has made an error in translating his original Dutch description into English, using 11 obsolete" where the original meaning' is "obsolescent11 .

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Noct. 6

P. I.

Agrotis 0.

A/i^T7-

vestigialis 4o4t. aberrational forms etc

vestigialis Sefet. type form - -

Light grey or whitish brown, markings on the forewings, distinct.

ab. signata Boisduval. Icon. Hist. Lep. 1840 pi. 75*

Light grey or whitish brown, the markings indistinct.

ab. olivacea Hartig. Ent.Sundsch. 1944 41 p. 45 .

Olive ground colour. Whitish only present in the form of a whisp (streak) above the claviform. A broad olive-coloured patch runs out to the inner and middle transverse lines, the marginal area, costa and reniform darkened with olive, the ring spot more whitish.

ab.sagittiferus Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1803 p. 118.

Greyish-fuscous, the markings distinct.

The most usual form in 3ngland,according to Lerapke but Haworth says rare, a single capture in Norfolk.

ab. trigonalis Esper. Schmett.Eur.i786 3 p.332 pi. 75 f.6.

The figure shows the three stignata well outlined on a grey ground, little different from the typical form.

Tutt 3ays greyish-fuscous with more or less obsolete markings and Lempke has apparently copied him.

ab. valligera Borkhausen. Naturgesch.Bur. Schmett. 1792 4p. 551.

Dark brown, the markings distinct.

ab.brunnea-obsoleta Tutt. Brit. Noct. I892 2 p. 18.

Brownish or reddish-brown, with more or less obsolete markings.

ab. nigra-obsoleta Tutt. Brit. Noct. I892 2 p. 18.

Blackish fuscous with more or less obsolete markings.

ab.obsoleta Tutt. Brit. Noct. I892 2 p. 19.

Tutt has already described this form under brunnea-obsoleta and nigra-obsoleta on the previous page. He says "The markings more or less obscured owing to the duskiness or increased depth of the ground colour.

ab. nigra Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892 2 p. 18.

Blackish-fuscous, the markings even darker.

ab.lineolata Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892 2 p.20.

The wedge-shaped or cuneiform dashes extend outwards to the margin of the wings

ab. basidistincta Turner. Ent. Pec. 1932 44 p. 130.

The basal oval on the forewings almost pink.

ab. juncta Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1939 82 p.225 (described p. 197)

The orbicular and reniform join but remain distinct.

ab. confluens Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1939 82 p.225 (described p. 197 )

The orbicular and reniform joined, forming a single spot, their boundary absent at the point of juncture.

ab.pseudochretieni Heydemann, Int. Ent. Z. I929 22 p. 430 pi. f. 10-12.

The "ring spot" (orbicular) completely absent as in A.chretieni Dum.

ab.violascens Heydemann. Int.Ent. Z9 1929 22 p.430 pi. f. 9.

The marginal and inner marginal and particularly along the costal areas of the forewing shaded beautiful violet-rose on the pale brown ground.

ab.albidior Petersen. Lep. Faun.Bst land 1902 I p. l66.

Forewings whitish.

ab. cl avis Bsper. Schmett. Eur. 1782 3 p.3^9 pl.63 f.5«

Not worthy of separation, the ground colour appears to be ochreous -brown, the markings more or less normal.

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vestigialis Hufn. continued

Moot. 6.

p.2.

ab.extersa Slastshevsky. Horae Soc.Snt.3oss. (I9II-I3 ) 1911. 40. (1) .p.71. Porewings almost unicolorous brownish grey, beyond the outer transverse line somewhat paler in the middle. The to transverse lines very indistinct, the subterminal line cocpletely washed-out, and the cuneate spots only visible due to a slight darkening. The whole of cell lb, between the two transverse lines very weak, and the position of the orbicular rather more distinctly darkened, There is no visible trace of the stignata themselves.

ab.pseudovalligera Turner, (nom.nov. pro valligera Hubn.nec Borkh. )

Bfot.Kec. 1936.48. SLcppl.p, (29) •

= valligera. Hlibner. (nec Borkhausen) S£enml.Bur<, Schmett. 1802.pl. 32, f. lpO. Brownish and reddish-grey forms with distinct markings, and with the basal half of the forewings brown.

ab. pallida fouler. Sbhmett.Eur. (1901-08)1905. l.p. 164.

Paler, yellowish-coloured forewings and whiter hindwings.

Stated by the author to be a race, but Gorti (Seitz Suppl.p.48) makes it an aberration; it probably occurs as both.

ab. indistincta Cockayne. Ent. Sec. 1932. 64. p. 190.

Porewings very pale and the usual dark markings are replaced by pale brownish- grey; the body similar.

ab.virgata Gookayne. Ent. Sec . 1932 . 6 4. p . 190; pl.8,f.5»

The space between the ante- and postmedian lines filled -in with blackish- brown to foim a median band, in which the stignata stand out conspicuously; there is no white along the median nervure.

ab.nigricosta Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent.l962.103.p.l6l.

Porewings with a broad black costa, but the rest of the ground colour not darkened.

ab. s auiconf luens Cockayne. Ent. Sec. 1932 • 64. p. 190.

= semiconf luens Lucas. Ent. Bar. (imst. ) .1959* 19*P«204. A narrow union between the orbicular and reniform.

ab. junctoides Lenpke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1962. 103*p. l6l.

The reniform lengthened towards the base, and touching the clavifonn. In trans¬ itional examples the reniform is noticeably lengthened, but it does not reach the claviform.

ab.postfasciata Hanson. Ent. Tidskr. 1962.83.0.127, fig. 2.

Differs from other forms especially in the hindwings having a distinct blackish central line and a broad, distally dentated submarginal line.

The forewings are also described, as they are somewhat aberrant, but since the name implies that this is principally a. hindwing form, it is treated as such in these notes. See description for forewing characters.

ab.angustipennia Bart.

Described at Seitz 3 Supol., p.48 as having somewhat narrower wings.

. . J :

a

9 os o

Noct. 7

p*i.

Agrotis Ochs.

clavis Hufn.

= corticea Sell iff.

= clavigerus Haw. aberrational foras, etc.

clavis Hufn. typical form — Light grey without dark dusting, transverse lines more or less distinct, the stignata distinct.

ab. irrorata-pallida Tutt. Brit.Noct. 1892.2.p.6l.

Light grey, but much irrorated with black scales, especially along the costa, the transverse lines and also the stignata distinct.

ab.virgata-pallida Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2.p.6l.

= paradoxa Laapke. Ti.jd3chr.Ent. 1962. lOp.p. 166; pl.l,f. 8.

Basal and outer areas black, central area containing the stignata^pale whitish-gre; Lempke was apparently unaware of Tutt ’ s prior name for this rather rare form.

ab.sicerii Freyer. Neuere Beitr. 18^2. 6.p. 101; pi. 544, f. 2.

= obscura Freyer. Neuere Beitr.l8p8.7#p«51; pi. 628, f. 1-2.

=[ ?nigra-virgata Tutt. Brit.Noct. 1892. 2. p.63-4.]

The area, between -the ante- and postmedian lines filled with blackish-brown, forming a dark median band.

The two forms vary only in their ground colour, s in cerii is pale brown running into greyish, whilst obscura is dark brown, nigra-virgata, mentioned casually by Tutt in Brit. Noct. I892 2 p. 63 but not fully desenbed, is sincerii Freyer.

ab . s ubf u s c us Hawo r th. Lep . 3r it . 1 80 3 p • 1 14.

The greyish-fuscous ground thickly covered with dark scaling almost completely concealing the transverse lines and stignata.

ab. irrorata-fusca Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892 2 p. 6 1.

Fuscous or smolygrey ground, much irrorated ’with black scales, especially the costal area.

ab. obsoleta-fusca Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892 2 p. 6l.

Fuscous or smoky- grey, the transverse lines more or less obsolete, sometimes entirely so, the stignata distinct. The wings not irrorated with black scales.

ab. brunnea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p.6l.

Reddish-brown, slightly irrorated with black scales, the transverse lines and stignata distinct.

ab. suf f usa-brunnea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 6l.

Reddish-brown,much suffused with black scales, the transverse lines and stignata very indistinct.

ab. brunnea-virgata Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1 892. 2. p. 6l.

Ground colour- black, the extreme outer margin pale brown or bright ochreous.

ah.venosa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2, p. 6 1.

Ground colour black, with paler veins.

ab.transversa Tutt. Brit.Noct. 1892.2. p. 6 1.

Ground colour black, with pale transverse lines.

ab. nigra Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p. 6l.

Entirely black, with still more intense stigmata.

ab. obscura Schawerda. Zts.Ost.Ent.Ver.i930.i5 p.9.

Black-brown with the lighter transverse lines completely absent.

ab. pallida Schawerda. Zts.Ost. Ent. Ver. 1930. 13 p. 9. completely pale brown but not yellow, the markings normal.

ab. orbiculella Sttand. Arch. Naturg. 1915. 81. A, 12. p. 143.

ine ring-spot on the forewing is large, square and open above.

ab. neoccmensis Rougemont. Bull. Soc. Neuchatel. Sci. Nat. 1903. 29.p. 95 pi. I f . 7.

No pattern except the three spots, the claviform almost invisible, the reniform I well-marked.

ab.obsoleta Keade-Waldo. Entom. 1915. 48. p.225 fig.

The claviform and orbicular stignata almost obsolete.

The figure shows the transverse lines present. I

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clavi3 Hufn, continued,

ab. costa-irrorata Tutt. Brit, Noct. 1892. 2.p. 62.

Ligjit grey, much irro rated with black scales, the transverse lines and stignata distinct, the costa intensely black.

ab. strigosa Strand. Arch. Naturv. Christian 1903* 25. no. 9.p. 10.

The two transverse lines of the forewings sharply contrasting or standing out.

ab. sordida Hubner. Samml. Eur. Schmett. 1800-03* pi. 3^ f. 154,

The figure shows the ground colour greyish-brown,the markings distinct, the outer margin, from the subterminal, of a darker shade.

This may or may not belong to this species, Tutt includes it in his Brit. Noct.

ab. semiconfluens Lerapke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1939 82. p.223. (description p. 197. )

The 3tignata united by a double line.

ab. uniraaculata Maslowscy. Polski Pismo EntJ-923«2,p. I30> pl.2,f.ll.

Forewings showing only the reniform stigna, speckling aosent.

Description from Seitz, original not seen.

ab.juncta van Wisselingh. Ent.Ber, (Arnst. ).1962.22.p,141. The orbicular and reniform touch each other.

ab.protensa hempke. Tijdschr.Ent.l962.105.p,l66.

His" orbicular lengthened towards the base and touching the antamedian line.

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Agrotis Ochs

denticulatus Haworth. 1803. aberrational forms etc.

= cinerea Schiff . 1775 (homonym)

= cinerea Hbn. 1800.

denticulatus Haw. Typical form male, forewings grey with two transverse lines dehticulate black lines, hindwing whitish, the front of the thorax (collar) black.

ab.obscura Hubner. Samml.Eur, Schmett. 1800-03 pi* 33 f. 157 and 490.

= fusca Boisduval. Icon. Hist. Lep. 1834.2. pi. 78 f. 4.

Both of these figures show females with the forewings black-brown or black- grey.

ab. obsoleta Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1939. 82. p.225.

The markings of the forewings very we ale or almost completely absent.

ab. pallida Tutt. Brit. Hoot. 1892. 2.p. 76.

Forewings ashy grey, the transverse lines black but less strongly marked than in typical examples, orbicular absent or very small, re niform distinctj median shade almost entirely obsolete, subterminal shade pale ined on either side with a slightly darker shade. Hindwings slightly paler than typical.

ab. virgata Tutt. Brit. Tibet. 1892,2. p. 76.

The broad strongly marked median shade is replaced by a clear, but much narrower red median shade, forming a central band between the stignata, thus intermediate between the type and ab. pallida, there is also a dark reddish shade bordering inner side of the subterminal, tending to develop e into cuneiform spots.

ab.variegata Schawerda. Int.Ent.Z. 1934. 28.p. 4l6 (see fig. Seitz 3 Suppl.pl. 7 A.) Forewings pure grey, with prominent heavy transverse lines and a broad dark midd¬ le shadow. A similar example is figured in Seitz Suppl. a3 above.

subsp. ? tephrina Staudinger. Cat.I90I.Ed. 3*p. 148,

= eximia Culot. Nbctuelles I909~I3* I.p.69 pi. IT f.4.

Staudinger described examples from the south of England as a race, but from our series it is not constant. A series from Lewes match his description but other S. England localities produce a mixture of forms including tephrina. Culot says eximia is a pale lilac grey form of tephrina and may be different since Staudinger does not mention colour in his description whereas eximia is striking 1 y lilac tinged,they are probably the same form.

tephrina is smaller, narrower winged, markings distinct, hindwings in the d whitish

ab. ( subsp. ?) aragonensis Schawerda. Int.Ent.Z. 1934* 28.p. 417 pi. “ f* II.

A small narrow winged male, with forewings very dark but more grey-brown than brown, the markings still just visible.

Schawerda had only one specimen and is not certain as to whether or not it is an aberration. . It does not seem likely that all males would be so dark so it is most probably on ab.

The forms livonica Teich. said alpigena Turati are doubtful races occurring on the Continent.

ab.zeleznyi Skala. Arb.Ent. Abt.Landesmus Brunn. I93&* no* 3*P* ^2*

? albescens Zerny. Eos 1927.3*P»3&3*

Described under A.turatii Standfu3s, which is said to be similar to, but specifically distinct from, the present species. Lempke, however, at Tijdschr. Snt.1962. 105. p.158, includes this form under denticulatus Haw., without stating his reasons. There seems to be no justification for this, but should it prove later to belong here, it would almost certainly fall as a synonym of ab. pallida Tutt.

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A. denticulatus Raw., continu 2d

Noct. 8.

p.2.

ab.violescens van Wisselingji. Ent. Ber. (Anist. ). 1962.22.p.l41.

The ground colour of the forewings purplish tinted, otherwise normal.

ab. brunnea Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1962.105*p.l^9»

Tie ground colour of the forewings brown, (see also ab.obscura Hubn,, p.l. )

ab.nigrescens Lucas. Ent. Ber. (Amst. ). 1959* 19*p*204. p.l.)

The ground colour blackish, the markings still darker. (see also ab.obscura Hubn.,

ab. unipuncta Lucas. Ent. Ber. (Amst. ) • 1959* 19«p«204.

All markings obscure except the reniforra, which is well developed, and hence very prominent.

ab. cruda Luca s. Ent. Ber. ( Arnst. ) . 19P9* 19*p • 204.

The first and second transverse lines are very prominent.

ab.lineata Lucan, Ent. Ber. (Amst. ) .1959* 19»P* 204,

Tie orbicular and renifom connected by a single line.

ab. juncta van Wisselingh. Ent. Ber. (Amst. ) .1962.22.p.l41. Tie orbicular and reniform touch each other.

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p. I.

Agrotis Ochs

puta Hubner. aberrational forms etc.

puta Hbn. typical form 9 The figure is bad, for swings yellowish grey with prominent markings, the outer margins fulvous with few markings. Apparently found only in Italy.

subsp. insula .Richardson. Ent. Oaz. 1958. 9.p. 129 pi* 9 I**2.

The race from Scilly Islands. Male, forewing tdileul buff varying by irrorate -with snuff -brown and drab; median area usually very pale; pr.oximad of antemedian fascia the anterior half of the wing is densely irrorate with fuscous; antemedian and postmedian fasciae variable in breadth and a degree of development, black and contrasting sharply with the pale ground colour. Hindwings white .

Female -Both wings heavily suffused with fuscous; orbicular area on forewing and distal half of fringes on hindwing alone remaining pale.

ab. radius Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1803 p.II9. = radia Steph. Ill. Haust. 1829. 2. o. 119. = radiola Stephens. Ill. Haust. 1829. 2. p. 119 pi. 20 f . I.cT

Male- forewings pale fuscous or greyish, with quadrate basal mark, three stignata the two anterior ones small and streak-like, the outer one kidney shaped. The cost; al margin here and there dotted with fuscous and paler tints, the outer margin dark in which there are pale sagitate spots. Hindwings whitish.

The male of radiola Stephens seema little different., also his radia.

ab.lignosa Godart. Pap. France. 1821. 3. p. 241 pi. 67 f •5.8' (f.6 9 see golignosa )

- renitens Hubner. Samml.Eur. Schmett. 1823*24. f. 715 d(f. ~JTJQ, 3ee below)

Male - Little different from the preceding but slightly tinged with reddish along costa and outer margin. Phe female has been renamed golignosa by Berio. Female renitens Hbn. shows forewings deep brown except for a lightening around- the reniform, the chief character, if it is to be relied upon, being the hindwings which are white with greyish borders. It would seem that the name renitens Hbn. would best be used for female form with whitish hindwings.

— '• ■ s • * *

9 ab. golignosa Berio Ann. Mus*. Civ. Genova 1935*59. p.77 pi.2 f. l6. nom.nov.pro 9 lignosa Godart.

According to Berio distinct from the almost black females, the colour being being more of the tint of "burnt Sienna" . Since the name lignosa apolies to the male form, Berio considered it necessary to give this unusual form a new name. It probably does not occur in Britain having been found only in southern regions of the Continent.

<3 ab.tutti Berio. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 1935. 59. P. 93 pl*3 **.-!•

Forewings with a median shadow starting at the reniform.On the hindwings the white cilia are speckled with marginal dots between veins 2 & 7.

Berio says this is the form described by Tutt as radius Haworth but Tutt does not mention a middle shadow in radius but does so in lignosa, Berio apparently is also in error.

9 ab. renitens Hubner. Samml.Eur. Schmett. I823~24.pl. 154 f. JT],Q

The female figured by Hubner has whitish hindwings much whiter than normal and since the male is probably the same as lignosa Godart, the name can be used for females with light coloured hindwings. Forewings are shown as very dark brown with a paler area around the reniform.

3 ab. catalaunensis Mil Here. Sev.Mag.Zool. I873. 3^.p. 4.

Ground colour whitish, smudged with purple, the base, costa and cellular space purplish-brown. Several elongated black spots, one on costa and one in the the centre of wing starting from the base and reaching as far as the reniform. A third black spot, elongated, ending at the fringe, crosses the rehiform which is large, brown in centre and encircled with black. A series of sagitate black spots project internally. Two other small oblong spots superimposed, one white, the othei brown, precede the reniform. Hindwings whitish-brown with brown nervures,a series of brown lunular spots at the edge of the fringe which is entirely white, a faint dark cellular spot.

Bred from two larvae in Spain. Possibly racial, the ground colour would apoear to be exceptionally pale.

puta Hubner. aberrational forms , continued.

Noct. 9.

p.2.

ab. nuda Dannehl. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 1929. 19» P* I06.

'The ground colour yellowish-white-grey, completely without markings.

ab.amartia Schawerda Verh. zool. -bot-Ges.Wien. I9II. 6l.p. (82)

Forewings strikingly pale brown with a whitish sub terminal line. The brown colouring is only slightly present in the reniform and at base of costa.

ab. subrubra Dannehl. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 1929, 19- p. 106.

Ground colour reddish-brown, markings similar to renitens Hbn. The transverse lines are absent, the hindwings pure white. Female approaches lignosa Godart but th< reddish tone predominates. ■>

ab. ? race? erythro^cylea Treitschke. Schmett.Eur. 1826. 5. (3) p.3I*

According to Seitz Supplement not an aberration but a local race in N. Africa, etc, See page 6 of these notes.

ab. joannisi Dufrane. Mem. Soc.Ent. Belg. 1930. 23. p. 62.

Forewings pale yellow and slightly greenish, the base, especially on costa, lightly scaled blackish-brown. The normal lines are completely obi iterated, the three stignata of the same colour as the ground and lightly but distinctly outlined with blackish-brown; thus the orbicular and claviform are without centres but the reniform has a blackish-brown centre separated from the outer rim by a ring of ground colour. Nervures lightly traced in blackish-brown, a agitate blackish-brown spots followed by paler wedge-shaped streaks between the veins in the outer marg in, a line of pale brown runs along the outer edge in the fringe. Hindwings vary white. The aberration is therefore extreme in its paler features.

ab.marianii Berio. Boll. Soc.Ent. It. 1932. 64. p. 146.

Forewings, also thorax, uniform dark mahogany colour on which the lines are hardly visible at all; in the male only the black basal spot and a few black wedge- shaped spots on the distal margin remain visible; the black border of the orbicular is hardly visible. In the female the pattern is hardly more visible although it can always be discerned, it is not as a whole darker than the male This must be a very rare form of the male.

ab. andreasi Turati. Atti. 3oc. Sci. Nat. 1924. 63. p. 68.

Belated to ab. catalaunensis but -with whiter ground colour and the markings more distinct.

Possibly a race, described from N. Africa.

ab. silvestrii Turati. Atti. So c. It. Sci. Nat. 1924. 63. p. 62.pl. 3 f. 13*

Forewings dark coppery-brown largely covered along costa by a blackish suffusior' which does not reach apex but fills space between the stignata,its termination ^ obscure. Proximal transverse line almost obsolete, the distal one only small black traces on costa, anobs cure median shade from reniform. Hindwings greyish dusty.

ab. obscura Tutt. Brit. Noct. I892.2.p„ 73 & 75*

Male- forewings dull greyish fuscous as in some females, thus obscuring the markings. Hindwings not clear white as is generally the case in males but dull greyish-white.

ab. nigra Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892, 2.p. 73 & 75*

Female - the extreme form of the female with the ground colour black, the markings intense black, no pale patches but the orbicular outlined in pale, in some specimens even this pale outline is not present. Hindwings dark grey with generally, but not always, the base paler.

ab. obscurina Berio. Ann. Mus. Civ, Genova I935*59»P* 93 •

Male- Wings dark grey as normally found in females, but differs from obscura Tutt in having white hindwin g3.

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V

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Noet. 9.

p.3.

puta Hbn. aberrational forme etc. continued

<5 ab. agenjoi Berio. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 1935. 59. P. 93 pi. 4 f. 31 underside. Forewings wine-colour the markings dark but not black, orbicular with ochre ring scarcely lighter than ground colour. Hindwings white -with median shadow from costa to near anal angle. Underside colouring similar to upperside,but a thick dark line crosses both wings starting at the costa in front of the reniform and then curved outwards. On the hindwing this line begins a little further inwards than it ends on the inner margin of the forewing and continues towards the anal angle, following the contours of the outer margin.

ab.tr ansfixa Berio. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 1935*59 p. 94.

Male - Forewings with light ground colour and diffused longitudinal lines on and between the veins. The chief character is a very conspicuous claviform of a dark brown which extends without interruption to the base of the wing. The dark basal spot is indistinct.

ab. debilis Berio. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 1935.59 P. 94.

Male- Forewings with the ground colour a whitish, yellowish-pink ivory; basal spot grey; distal field suffused with red. A single, clearly marked postmedian on the veins which are thinly patterned in brown. Distinguished from radius, renitens etc. by a more delicate appearance,the apex of forewings more pointed, the longitudinak contrasting patters absent. In some specimens there is a well pronounced median shadow starting from the costa and touching and merging with the reniform, also transitional forms so they are not separated.

ab.toisca Berio. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 1935.59 P. 92 pi. 3 f. 17*

Male - Ground colour yellowish white straw, with claviform, basal field, reniform .the cell between the latter and the orbicular and two marks on the termen all patterned in black. Hindwings completely white, abdomen white. The form is chiefly defined by its light background and very dark mar kings, by the spot on vein I and the clear white hindwings.

Possibly occurs only in the N. African races, Holotype from Tripoli.

ab. unica Berio. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova I935*59*p.90 pi. 3 f . 19*

Male - Forewinga etc. light reddish, basal and costal spots, fringes, cuneiform antemarginal spots, centres of reniform and orbicular and apex of forewings all burnt sienna,the ante and postmedian lines absent. Border of claviform and two cuneiform antemarginal spots, (those between veins 4 t 6) black. A continuous black border enclosing in one ring the reniform and orbicular which are confluent Hindwings white with fine antemarginal line.

ab. juncta Berio. Ann.Mus. Civ. Genova 1935* 59*P* 9^; pl.3jf.20. (Restricted Lempite^ TijdscM confluens Lucas. Eht.Ber. (irast. ). i960. 20.p. 229. » * £.nt.i96^.i05.p.l75”6.)

Male - Forewings and costal cell of hindwings uniform brown. Basal, costal, cuneifon ante and postmedian, the ring of claviform and single ring comprising orbicular and claviform, all black. Hindwings white slightly speckled brown. Similar to the preceding form but with duller background so that there is less contrast

between it and the black of the pattern. . The orbicular and reniform are confluen

00 -iri rvpfir-fld-i no* Restricted by Lempke to a markings- only form, at T1 jdschr.Ent . 1962.105, p. 175-6,

<ao x i — Ae>* vvhere he names ab.brunnescens, which also see on j>.6 of these notes.

Berio seems to have mentioned " claviform" instead of renixorm when he says a

single ring encloses them since the figure shows no such character, only the orbicular and reniform are so enclosed,

Luca 3* s confluens had 11 orbicular and reniform coalescent. •

ab.perfusa Berio Ann.Mus. Civ. Genova I935.59«P.9 0 pl.3 f.23*

Male - Forewings etc. brilliant cream; the markings black. The light surround of the orbicular merges with that of the reniform so that the two spots appear one. The figure shows little difference from the two preceding forms except for the ground colour.

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Noct. 9,

p. 4.

puta Hbn. aberrational forms eta,

ab. creraea Berio Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 1935. 59*n. 91*

Male. Head, thorax, f or ewing3 and abdomen, uniformly cream. The following are lightly defined in black - the double sub-basal, antemedian, frame of claviform, lower edge of orbicular and reniform which is almost absent, s quare in shape. , postmedian in the shape of dots on the veins. On the distal margin are two dark spots between veins I and 2,3 & 7* the centre of reniform also dark, the orbicular ha3 a cream ring. Hindwings white.

ab. algerina Berio. „ Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 1935. 59. p. 91 pi. 3 f*. 22.

Male - Median area of forewing ochre-red, basal and distal areas (from postmedian to the fringes) a deep, fiery yellow. Basal spot, reniform, centre of orbicular and costa entirely black. Sub-basal not distinguisable and antemedian uniform and rounded, claviform absent, postmedian indicayed by dots on veins. In the dark yellow potmedian area the very small cuneiform markings show bet7/een veins T St 2 and 4 & 7* Hindwings clear white.

Type from Algeria in Rothschild Coll. Tring. Possibly confined to N. African race, but appears. from the figure, to be an aberration.

ab.pheroa Berio Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 1935. 59.P.92 pi. 3 f*. 18.

Male- Forewings light reddish-ochre (similar to subrubra); transverse bands clearly marked, the claviform ringed with brown, orbicular not very conspicuous, its contours being of the same colour as the wing; black basal spot, and the reniform, with its costal field, are the only dark spots but these are not black but brown,scaled with Burnt Sienna. Hindwings slightly yellowish white.

ab. umbra Berio Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 1935. 59«p. 95 pi. 4 f. 35.

Female- Ground colour burnt Sienna. On forewings the double antemedian is well defined in black and very angular; the postmedian also doubled; a distal spot between veins 3 & 1 and a median shadow clearly shown between the mar Icings. Margin of orbicular, interior of ante and postmedian lines and the cuneiform spots on distal margin are light like the fringes which have a double line of brown. Hindwings brown with white fringes.

Originally described as lignosa 9 by Berio, who states that he mistook the nature of lignosa.

ab. tricolor Berio Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 1935. 59. P. 95

Female - Head, antennae, abdomen, thorax and hindwings milk white. Forewing divided into three fields, one black which extends to the antemedian which is double and rounded, one dark grey extending from the antemedian to the postmedian, the last reddish-black extending to the fringes. Claviform absent, orbicular circled white and preceded in the direction of the costa by two white streaks, reniform hidden by ground colour , cuneiform antemarginal spots ochreish and small. The nervules of the white hindwings are outlined in blackish.

ab. monochroma Berio Ann. Mus. Civ, Genova 1935. 59. p. 9& »

Female - Forewings mo use- grey, except the orbicular , the costal markings, the contour of the reniform and the marginal cuneiform spots which are light and the basal region which is black. Black also are the costal markings next to the lig*it ones; veins outlined in black. The postmedian represented by a break in colour on each vein while the antemedian is distinct and double, the claviform absent. Hindwings dirty white in places, the distal area brown.

ab. unif ormis Berio, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova I935*59«p. 9& pi. 4 f. 33*

Female - Forewings uniform brownish-grey,the fringes white. Basal spot of forewing the antemedian(double and very angular ) , reniform and postmedian( double) are a darker brownish- grey (not black), The interiors of the ante and postmedian are a trifle limiter as are also the contours of orbicular and a costal mark. The cuneiform spots hardly perceptible and a little lighter than the ground colour. Hindwings with basal area light ochre.

ab.paupera Berio Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 1935. 59»P» 9& pi. 4 f. 36.

Female- Forevrings ochre-yellow suffused with reddish-brown, basal spots, ante and postmedian,contours of claviform, orbicular and reniform and veins reddish-brown. Pre-distal cuneiform spots very conspicuous uniting at their external ends to form an ochraceous zig-zag distal band extending from apex tp tornus (continued)

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Noct. 9,

p-5-

puta Hbn. aberrational forms etc. continued

ab.paupera Berio continued from previous page.

This zig-zag band is contained on the one side by the reddi3h-brown with which the wings are suffused and on the other, the distal side, by the black dots at the base of the fringes. Hind wings dark brown with ochre fringes separated from the wing by a light and a dark line.

ab.purolimbata Berio Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 1935- 59. p. 97 •

Female - Forewings brown, the fringes light ochreish and completely lacking in pattern, either longitudinal or transverse, which gives the insect the appearance of possessing forewings bordered by a wide light band. Hindwings ligjit at the base and slightly darkened on the margins. For the rest similar to renitens Hbn. 9

ab.masculina Berio Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 1933-59. P. 97 *

Female - Surprisingly similar to the male of syricola Gorti in it3 general light appearance, transverse markings and the robust appearance of the wings. The ante- marginal cuneiform spots are welded together at the tips, forming a white undulat¬ ing line on the reddish distal field. The orbicular is noticeably close to the reniform at one end. In another specimen from the same locality, these last two charcters are not present, thus agreeing entirely with the male of syricola Gorti.

ab.transiens Berio Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 1935- 59- P-97 •

Female - Forewings dark ochre. The sub-basal, the double and distinctly rounded antemedian between vein I and the internal margin, the contour of the claviform, the double postmedian,the cuneiform markings between veins 4 & 6 and the marginal spots in front are brownish-black. Fhe contour of the orbicular and the cuneiform distal markings are white, fringes light ochreish-yellow with a double band of brown. Hindwings brown, the base lighter.

ab. extrema Berio Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 1935- 59- P- 98-

Female - Forewings dark broian. The basal spot, antemedian, contour of the claviform, and the orbicular, a median shadow which starts very wide from the costa, encloses the reniform and finishes on the inner margin, the single postraedian and a spot between veins 5 & 7 on the distal margin are all very dark brown, almost black. Gontour of the orbicular and the antemarginal cuneiform markings light, the fring® brown with a single light stripe. Hindwings dark brown, the fringes light.

ab. feratra Berio Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 1935-59 P. 98.

Female- Like the female ab. nigra Tutt this form is quite black without white patterns, not even the orbicular is visible, the ground colour is deep coal-black. 'The orbicular however, is outlined by its conspicuous white contour. Hindwings dark except at the base, the fringes of all wings ochre coloured.

ab.venata Berio Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 1935- 59- P- 99 pi. 4 f. 37-

Female - Dark forewings and white hindwings. On these the veins 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7 are well marked in black.

ab.lignosina Berio Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova I935-59-P-99 pi. 4 f. 34.

Identical in colour with female ab. golignosa Berio (=lignosa Godart) merely a little duller. Hindwings brown, much smaller in size.

Described from Algeria, Type in Rothschild Coll. Tring.

ab. composita Berio Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova I935-59-P-99 pi. 4 f. 38.

Female - Forewings with basal and median areas deep blacky from the postmedian to the fringes dark fiery chestnut. The ante and postmedian lines are distinctly marked in uniform black, the orbicular in conspicuous white. Hindwings uniformly dark with pale fringes.

.

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Agroti3 Ochs.

puta Hbn. aberrational forms etc

ab. erythroxylea Treitschke. Schmett.Eur. 1826.5* (3 ) 31*

Berio in Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova vol.39 p. 80 defines this form as having an ivory ground colour and entirely lacking the ante and postmedian transverse lines, a tiny orbicular and without spots. He had one specimen from Sicily so it would appear to be an aberration and not a subspecies.

ab. erythrosimilis Berio. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 1933*39 P.93 pi. 4 f. 2~j.

Similar to erythroxylea Tr. but the ante and postmedian lines are comnletely visible; lunulate but single.

ab. brunnescens Lanpke. Tijdschr. Ent.1962. lO^.p. 175*

The ground colour of the forewrings brownish.

Hi is is the original description. Lerapke then restricts ab.juncta Berio (see p#3 of these notes) to a marking 3-*only form, stating ” Berio describes a with brown ground colour and confluent spots, but with a view to him it seems more logical to restrict this name to all specimens confluent spots independent of the ground colour.”

form nunc the name used by showing the

ab. junctoid.es Lucas. Ent. Ber. ( Arast. ) . 1960.20.p. 229. 'Hie orbicular and reniform touching each other.

ab. semiconf luens Lanpke. Tijdschr.Bnt. 1962. 105«p* 17&«

The orbicular and reniform connected by a narrow isthmus

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P.I.

trux Hubner.

subsp. lunigera Stephens.

trux Hubner, The type form does not occur in Britain.

subsp. lunigera .Stephens. 1829.2. p. 113 pl.20 f.3»

Described from Ireland. The form is very distinct from typical trux, occurs chiefly on S.W. Coast of Engl and, rarely in Scotland.

ab. pallida Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2.p. V),

Pale whitish-grey with a 3laty tinge,tran.sverse lines and stignata as in type, not irrorated with yellowish. Occurs only in the male.

ab.virgata Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2, p. 13.

Like the preceding pallida but with a dark transverse shade inside of and through the reniform,and all the outer area of the wing beyond the elbowed line darker than the ground colour. Occurs in both sexes.

ab. suffusa Tutt. Brit.Noct. 1892.2. p. Ip.

The whole area of the wing dark blackish- grey except the pale orbicular and a small patch between the reniform and elbowed line which are slightly paler, trans¬ verse lines indi3tinct,claviform and outline of reniform intensely black. Hindwings of males almost as dark on outer margin as in females. Occurs in both sexes but very rarely in the male.

ab. nigra Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2.p. 15.

Uhicolorous blackish, orbicular indistinct, transverse lines almost obsolete. Female form.

ab. rufescens Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 15. Markings normal but shaded with reddish.

ab.asticta Cockayne. Ent.Sec. 1946. 58. p* 73 pl.X f.I.

Male. The black ring around the orbicular is absent and there is no trace of the claviform; in other respects normal.

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Agroti3 Ochs, exclaraationis L

aberrational forms etc.

ab. serena Mem. Rom. I889. 5.P. 137

= pallida futt. I892.2.p.65.

Forewings pale whitish grey, somewhat darker in the female.

ab. costata Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 63.

Ground colour grey with distinct reddish costa.

ab.picea Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1809. p.220.

Porewings black grey, markings normal. Female form.

ab. rufescens Tutt. Brit. Moot. 1892.2. p. 63.

Ground colour clear reddish-grey, the markings more or less distinct.

ab. brunnea Tutt. Brit. Woct. I892. 2. p. 65.

Ground colour dark reddish-brown, the markings more or less distinct.

ab.wehrlii Vorbrodt. Schraett. Schweiz. 1914. 2. p. 622.

Remarkable form of picea Haworth which has a 4mm. wide ochre-yellow basal area and transverse bands on the black-grey ground. Female,

1932. p.127,

ab.ostrogovichi Dioszeghy. Verh. und Mitt, Siebenb. Ver.f . Mature, zu Hermannstadt Collar black; forewings pale yellowish-grey, claviform small but clear, orbicular absent. Reniforra fairly clearly defined. 3oth cross-lines absent, but a brown- grey shade, sharply emphasised, extends from the subterrainal line to the fringes.

ab. unicolor Hubner. Samml.Eur. Schmett. ISO 9_I3 pl.IT/ f . 544.

The figure shows the forewings yell owi s h-br o wn with the orbicular and reniform finely etched in black but no other markings. Tfo rmally the stigmata are filled more or less with black, in this figure only the contours are shown. Tutt is quite wrong in saying the orbicular is absent, it is the claviform which is not shown.

ab. obsoleta Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p, 65.

The three stignata entirely or almost entirely absent.

ab. quadrimacula Wehrli in Vorbrodt. Schmett Schweiz 1914. 2. p, 622.

Forewings with an isolated black spot between the stignata, below the orbicular making four soots instead of the normal three.

ab.conjuncta Hirschk^ Verh.zool.-bot,Ges.’7ien 1910. 6o.p. 4l6.

From the lower edge of the reniform there is a black-edged streak which runs to the lower edge of the orbicular v/hich, how ever ,it does not reach.

This presumably means that the claviform is united with the reniform by the streak since if it does not touch the orbicular it must touch the claviform.

ab. juncta Tutt. Brit. Moot. 1892. 2. p. 63.

The orbicular, reniform and claviform all united, one streak in the place of the orbicular and reniform, another replacing the claviform.

ab. plaga Stephens Ill. Haust. 1834. 4. p.388.

Greyish-brown with a very obscure palish waved streak near the outer margin, and on the disc a stout, deep Mack longitudinal dash towards the inner margin and more than one third of the wing in length; adjoining this towards the apex of the costa is a second very faint brown dash; ; posterior wings fuscous.

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aberrational foims etc,

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p.2.

ab. cuspidata Culot. Noct. 1909-Ip. I.p. 10 pi. II f . 8.

The reniform and orbicular remain distinct and separated, but on their outer edge from the claviform and upwards, short black tooth-like projections travel outwards towards the outer margin.

ab. lineolatu3 Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 67. Newman’s Brit. Moths. p. 326 fig. I,

Tutt, referring to the figure in Newman, says" the peculiar development consists in the formation of lineolae running out from the reniform and others taking the place of the cuneiform spots.

The figure shows the claviform thickened into an oblong share which reaches the postmedian line; thick lines also stretch out from the reniform and reach the postmedian,thus filling the central area except for light veins which e lightly cut up the solid black.

The form is a transition from the preceding cuspidata Culot.

ab.posteli Culot. Noct. I909“I3» I.p. 70 pi. II f. 7«

The figure show the area from the postmedian line to the margin darkened to form an almost black marginal band, the rest of the wing being dull brownish grey.

ab. invertilinea Le Charles. Amat.Pap. 1926. 3.p.64 pl.2 f.5»(6 in error)

The figure shows the markings distorted, the claviform instead of the normal horizontal line is in the form of an upright lunula; the orbicular is absent, the reniform more or less normal but beneath it is another uoright lunular mark facing in the oposite direction to the claviform mark. This starts on and actually touches the reniform, curves inwards and then outwards, to form the crescent or lunular mark. the transverse lines are absent.

This would appear to be a pathological form caused by pressure on the pupa.

ab. dufranei Lamb. Rev. Mens. Soc. Nam. 1907. 7. 'o. 26. ' i

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ab. nigrata ALexinschi & Peiu. Bull. Sti. Acad. Repub. Rom. 1953. 5.p. 4-96.

A melanic form in which the orbicular, reniform and claviform stigmata are enlarged and coloured intense black. The ground colour of the upperside of the hind wings is a darker ashy grey-violet in both sexes.

This is the original description; although the authors themselves cosider the

form to be a melanic, the description does not bear this out.

ab. nigrescens Schwingenschus s. Mem. 3. Sci. I&t.Marc. 1935. 42.p.32.

Described under tiie s ub sp . nigr iorb is Zerny,

The female (of nigriorbis ) is usually dark red -brown; however, a one has deep blackish- brown coloured forewings.

ab. csutaki Dioszeghy. Verh. Siebenb.Ver. I\fe.t. 1932. p.127.

For swings yellowish- grey, the claviform and orbicular absent, reniform roundish, small and black-brown. The basal and outer areas of the wings darker, in tie latter three fine black-brown dart- shaped marks. Hindwings dirty white, rather yellowish-grey towards the fringes.

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Agrotis 0ch3

ipsilon Hufn. aberrational fonns etc.

ab. annexa Stephena (nec. Tr. ) Ill.Haust. 1829. 4.p. 117 pi. 22 f.2.

Forewings with abroad costal band of grey-brown from the base reaching the posterior stigna (reniform) ,the rest of the wing of a deeper brown, the outer margins rather paler; at the base, dividing as it were, the two shades, is a longitud¬ inal dusky streak and on the outer margin are two or three lineolae of a similar colour; anterior stigna pale with dusky centre, posterior rather slender also dusky in centre with pale margin; they are connected together by a broad black streak, teleform stigna faint and behind the posterior one is an arcuated striga of pale spots. Hindwings pearly white with the veins and margins slightly fusees cent.

The main characters in the figure are the black bar linking the orbicular and reniform, the pale costa and the absence of the normal black tooth projecting from the reniform.

ab. pallida Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 9.

Porewings with the outer area of a pale whitish colour without the ochreou3 of typical specimens, for the rest normal.

ab. albescens Clark. Ent. Sec. 1904. Io. p. 167 pi. 8 f . 2,

Head, thorax of an exceedingly pale whitish-grey , the abdomen even more white; Porewings pale whitish- grey, tinged with pale rufous or reddish-brown. Hind ings much whiter. The usual pale areas in the typical form, viz. ,.the basal line and patch at base, the pale patch below the orbicular , the reniform and the outer transverse band being of the paler tint exhibited by the ground colour; the fringes of the same tint.

The form would appear to be an albino.

ab. obscura Lenz. Schmett. Sudbayern I9I7« I. (2) .p.249. (Osthelder gives Lena authojii Darkened to grey-black.

ab.fusca Dannehl. Ent. Z. 1925. 39*P. I35»

The basal and central areas of the forewing dark-dusted so that the markings become unrecognisable, leaving only a broad light brown outer border.

ab. nigro striata Cockayne. Ent. Pec. I95I» 66. p. 65.pl. 2 f.i.

On the forewing from the upper edge of the claviform a black streak runs obliquely to the postmedian line.

ab. clara Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1939. 82.p.2I9.

Ground colour of the forewings very pale grey-brown. Male form.

ab.rufa Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1939* 82,p.2I9. Ground colour of forewings red-brown. Male form.

ab. obscurata Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1939* 82. p. 219.

Male form, the ground colour of the forewings almost as dark brown as in females, ab.inversa Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1939. 82. p. 219.

Female form, the ground colour of forewings greyish-brown, almost as in the normal males.

ab, striata Lempke, Tijdschr.Ent. 1939* 82. p. 220.

On the forewings the black line on the outer edge of the reniform united with the black sagitate spot opposite on the margin.

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TToct. 12

p.2.

Agrotia Ochs, ipsilon Hufn.

aberrational forms etc. continued.

ab. semiconfluens Lempke. Tijdschr. Snt. 1939. 82 p,2h0 (description on p. 197)

On the forewing the reniform and orbicular remain in their normal position but are .joined by a double line, a single contour enclosing both the stignata.

Moot 13

p. T.

Agrotis Ochs.

ripae Hubner. aberrational forms etc.

ripae Hbn. typical form- Porewings brownish yellowish grey, the costal area lighter grey, markings more or less distinct.

ab. obsoleta Lemplce. Tijdschr. Ent. 1939* 82. p. 228.

Porewings dark brownish- grey, the markings scarcely visible. .

ab. desillii Pierret. Ann. Soc. Snt. Pr. 1839. p. 95. pi. 8 f. 2.

Ground colour of the forewings pale ochreous with a reddish tinge, the markings indistinct.

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ab. albicosta Tutt. Brit. Uoct. 1892. 2. p. 68.

Porewings pale ochreous with a reddish tinge as in the preceding desillii but with the costa white.

ab.brunnea 'Putt. Brit. Noct, 1892. 2.p. 68. Porewings reddish-brown with distinct markings.

ab.grisea Tutt. Brit. Woct. 1892.2. p. 68.

Porewings dark greyish with a slight slaty tinge. 5 much suffused.

ab.nebulosa .Stephens. Ill. Haust, 1829.2. p. I27.

Porewings pale hoary or whitish grey, the costa slightly clouded with fuscous with a cloud of the same hue at the base; beyond the renifora is an arcuated submoniliform striga, beyond which the rest of the wing is deep fuscous with an undulated white striga composed of approximating wedge-shaped spots; in the margin itself a series of minute black 3ub triangular dots. Hind wings pure white.

The main feature in the coloured figure i3 the fuscous band just beyond the post¬ median line , followed by the whitish marginal band out by the dark veins.

ab. obotritica Schmidt. Stet t. Ent. Z. 183 8. 19. p. 377*

Very pale form varying from pure white with indistinct markings to partly yellowish with more or less distinct markings. On the whole there is much more white than in any of the allied forms.

Schmidt credits Hering with the name obotritica but gives no reference.

ab.weissenbornii Preyer. Neu. Beitr, 1845. 5»p. 139 pi. 466 f. 3.

Ground colour pale yellowish-white, two weakly marked spots and a trace of small wea k cone-shaped spot, of lines and bands on the forewing there is nothing visible. Hindwings pure white.

The description does not agree with the figure which shows a very definite ante- median line. The orbicular and reniform and claviform show merely their black contours.

ab. signata Cockayne. Ent. Sec. 1958. 46. p. 73 pl.X f.2.

Porewing with the ground colour of the median area rale grey with a faint rufous tinge, that of the marginal area pale grey; the stigmata outlined with brown; the sub¬ marginal line is bordered internally with dark brown. Hindwings whitish with distinct grey-brown submarginal shading which continues in line with that of the forewings. This shading on both wings distinguishes it from other forms.

ab. bivirga Lempke. Tijdschr, Ent. 1939. 82. p. 228.

The basal and marginal areas blackish, the median area light

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Noet. 14 Lycophotia Hubner.

p.I.

varia Vill. ** aberrational form3 etc. = ooncinna Esp.

= piota Fabr.

ab. varia Vill. Dark purplish-red brown. Accepted as the typical form by some authors There seems to be complete confusion over the various names used by the old authors other names used for the species given below until some sort of decision is made.

strigula Thnbg.1788 (nanupreoc. ) porphyrea Schiff . 1775* birivia Schiff. 1775* porphyrea Hbn. 1800-03. erioae Haworth. 1809.

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ab.marmorea Graslin. Ann. 3oc.Ent.Fr. 1862. p. 312 pi. 8 f. 9.

The ground colour greyish. The figure shows a tace of the normal red -brown just above the inner margin and in the basal half.

ab.ferruginea Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1939* 82 p.238. (= strigula Thnbg. )

The ground colour of the forewings red-brown.

Lempke has renamed the red-brown strigula of Thunberg as an aberration leaving the dark purplish red-brown form as the typical form.

ab. flavescens Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1939* 82. p. 238.

Ground colour of the forewings yellowish, the markings distinct.

ab. grisea Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1939* 82. p.238. Ground colour pure grey, without red or brown.

ab, suffusa ‘Putt. Brit. Hoct. 1892. 2. p. 89.

Forewings dark brownish-red, with the white markings almost of the same tint in the basal and central areas, the outer ones more typical.

From Shetland and possibly confined to these islands, the species usually larger in size.

ab.nigrescens Cockayne. Ent. Sec. 1952. 64. p. 190 pi. 8 f . 6.

Ground colour deep purplish black with the basal ante and postmedian lines pale purplish; subterminal line reduced to a row of small dots very little paler than the ground colour; orbicular ab s ent, reniform white and conspicuous. Hindwings dark brown, paler towards base.

ab. reducta Lempke. Tijdschr, Ent. 1939* 82p. 238.

The orbicular stigna absent.

ab. juncta Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1939* 82. p. 238. (described p. 197* ) The orbicular and reniform touch each other.

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Actebia Stephens.

praecox Linn, aberrational forms etc

ab. signata-deleta Turner. Ent. Hec. 1937* 49 p. (119) Sep. (from Barrett pi. 134 f.2b) The usual markings practically absent 30 that the ground colour is of a nearly uniform green.

Turner names this figure in Barrett which appears to be an albino, ab.praeceps Hubner. Samml.Eur. 3chraett.pl. 15 f. 70.

"Most probably a synonym of the type but many authors describe the figure as "bluish- green ".In the Tring Museum copy of Hubner it is more of a yellowish green and obviously meant to represent typical praecox.

ab. f lavomaculata Graeser. Berl.Ent. Z. 1888. p.3^3*

Ground colour not so pale as typical but more bluish and darker; the stignata are unicolorous intensive ochre-yellow and stand out much sharper from the bluish ground. Hindwings much darker than typical, unicolorous black-grey.

Noct. I £,

p. I.

Peridroma Hbn.

saucia Hubner. aberrational forms etc.

ab.margaritosa Haworth. Lap. Brit. 1309 p. 218.

Forewings grey with ashy clouds, three ordinary stignata 3ub-obliterated,the apical spot paler. Hindwings smoky white with a violet tinge, veins and outer margin particularly the anal angle verging on fuscous.

By the description thi3 does not seem to be the common form most often labelled margaritosa,grey forms are not common most of our English examoles being much more of a brown tinge.

saucia Hbn. typical form - The figure in Hubner pi. 81 f.378 shows the forewing3 dark brownish grey, the costal margin broadly vinous-red ,the outer margins paler.

ab.majuscula Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1809. p. 218.

Wings greyish fuscous or pitchy black, three stigmata sub- obliterated. Hindwings smoky white, veins and hindmargin,particularly the anal angle, tending towards black.

ab.brunnea Tutt. Brit.Noct. 1392. 2. p. 5.

Forewings bright brownish-ochreous, markings clear.

ab.rufa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 5.

Forewings vinous-red, the tint covering the whole of the wings.

ab. ae qua Hubner. Saraml. Sur. Schmett. I809“I3*pl« 122 f.564.

The figure shows the forewings yellow-brown on the costal area and postmedian area, and the basal, central and extreme outer margin clouded ’with brownish tinged with red. Hindwings whitish darkened towards margins.

ab. ochrea-costa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. p.

Forewings blackish-grey with a pale shade along the costa, standing out strongly against the darker colour of the inner marginal area.

ab.nigrocosta Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2, n. 3.

= philippsi Caspari. Jahrb, Nassau I899» 52.p. I99pl. 4 f. 14,15.

Forewings greyish-fuscous sometimes tinged reddish or ochreous,with a broad black shade along the whole of the costal area, sometimes extending far enough down the wing as to enclose the stigmata.

= nigrocosta Gelin. Gat. Lep. 1 ’Quest Fr. T9I2 p. 97*

ab. fuscobrunnea otrand. Arch. Naturg. 1915. 81. A 12. p. I4o.

Forewings dark bro wn with the costal area, orbicular and subterminal area and an apical patch grey.

ab.decolor Hebei. Rov.Lap. I9l6.23.p. 108.

Forewings reddish-grey and marking!, ess, Hindwings brown with grey veins.

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lucernea Linn, aberrational forms etc.

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suhniL-renigera Stephens. Ill. , Haust. 1829.2. p. 129.

TIIFPJiae^f rmn^ootiaa^nd 1. England. y ^ *

itigtnata'^sr^ircely. visible, the very de.©p fuscGaiis^black ,

Fo r ev/ ings ,--s'hin in g gris eous or brownish-black , the, transverse/ line's paler .but obscure; the clutep mart Hindwings Qlbep fuscWs-ashjor t>lackish,'&hb base

tlier nale]

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ab.batdleuca Boisduval. Ann. 3oc.3nt.Fr. 1833. 2*p. 377 pi. 14 f. 2.

Forewings with a distinct middle shadow which Is said to be lacking in the type. Thfci form occurs quite commonly in Britain but may be racial on the Continent.

? ab.melanophila Sehawerda. Zts.Oest.Ent.Yer. 1933- 18. p. JO,

Forewings with grey ground,not ochre-yellow, wholly darkened, with a -vide blackish outer area. Of the same colour are the central transverse band and the reniform. Hindwings blackish darkened, the fringes whitish.

In Seitz Suppl, these are removed to another species ,Hhyadia insuliaola Tur&tl.

? ab. pallida Sehawerda. Zts.Oest. Ent.Ver. 1933. I8.p. 70.

Two males wholly pale yellowish-grey colour. Only the praemarginal narrow band and central band are somewhat darker. Hindwings also much lighter.

In Seitz Suppl. removed to the species Hhyacia insulicola Turati.

ab.kerrensis Kane. Sntom. 1895. 28. p. 200.

Bluish black, generally almost or entirely unicolorous , but sometimes the waved transverse strigae are slightly marked in paler tone A local form found on the extreme western headlands of Kerry, Ireland.

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Moot. 17

P. I.

Khyacia Hbn.

3imulans Hufn. aberrational forra3 eta. = pyrophila Schiff.

~c-,yror..;--i.la To:i.

ab. suff usa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. 80.

= obscurata Staudinger. Gat. Ed. 3. 1901. p. 143.

Porewings of a dark blackish colour with fairly distinct lines and stignata presenting a very complete melardc appearance when compared with the type. Hindwings dark grey.

ab. latens Stephens. Ill. Haust. 182 9. 2. p. 129.

Porewings glossy ashy black, the lines obsolescent , outer area darker with an obscure pale denticulated striga towards the margin, the margin itself immaculate. Stigmata very obscure with a dark quadrate spot between them. Hindwings obscure cinereous.

Most specimens from Scotland agree with this description.

ab.pyrophila Hubner. Samml.Bur. Schmett. 1800-Op. pi. 9 f. 43.

The coloured figure in Hubner shows the forewings of a deep ochreous with a sligh brownish tinge, the markings distinct.

The form is treated as an aberration by most authors 3ince Hufnagel’s type form is light greyish-brown. If one can accept the colour of these old figures as true this may be correct since our Portland specimens agree with Hubner 's pyrophila whilst specimens caught at Tring are much less ochreous in tone.

.1.-

-

Noct. 18.

P. T.

Sp&elotis Bsd.

aberrational forms etc.

r avid a Schiff.

= ravida Hubnar.

ravida Schiff. the type form is said to have the space between the stignata filled with black, the forewings grey- brown the costa reddish.

ab.obscura Brahms Insektehkal 1790. 1.?. 191.

Ground colour of the forewings gr ey-b r own , th e costa reddish.

ab. obducta Esper. Eur. Schmett. 1789.4 pt. 2. p.4-52 pi, 142 f . 4,

Mahy authors seem to have missed the chief character of this form, not mentioning the pale lines which are so stressed in the figure. Lerapke merely says" Complete grey-brown without the reddish costa." Esper heads his description "obducta - Brownish, light grey spotted and lined night-moth." and proceeds to give the description proper, with which his figure agrees, as follows in latin - - Wings fusees cent, the basal spots, the stigmata, and the outer extensive double stripes, pale.

If this form really belongs to ravida it is greyish-brown with the transverse lines etc well outlines in pale yellowish.

ab. austera Esper. Eur. Schmett. 1789.4. pt. 2 p. 4^2 pi. 142 f.p.

Esper says the wings dark brown, a black triangular spot from the base to beyond the middle of the wing, in the middle of this there is the orbicular and at the end the reniform,the stigmata pale.

Tvfany authors describe this form a3 reddish but Esper does not mention the tint. It would appear to be dark brown with no visible trnsverse lines except a lower spot of the antemedian. the space between the stignata filled with black

ab. bigramma Esper. Eur. Schmett. 17 89. 4. pt. 2 p. 490 pi. I^O f.2.

Wings greyish-brown,the stignata small and pale, the space between them filled with black, this black also extending inwards beyond the orbicular towards the base; the outer transverse line pale.

ab. crassa Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1809 p,220.

Wings fuscous ,with shining, more or less cloudy, black. Base of forewing with a black line, or blacky other irregular markings between and around the ordinary stignata obsolete, third stigna imperfect or sometimes completely obliterated; often with the very obscure pale ordinary strigae of many noctuids more or less fuscous, the marginal one pale in contrast to the fuscous. Hindwings white with smoky veins and hindmargins.

Thi3 would seem to be a synonym of obsoura Br alias. but is teated as an aberration by many authors. It can be separated by the apparent absence of the red tint on the costa since this is not mentined in the description.

ab. stiff usa Tutt. Brit. Noct. I892 2.p,82.

Unicolorou3 greyish-black or blackish fuscous with a short longitudinal streak under the base of the median nervure,the ordinary transverse lines and stignata very indistinct and almost unicolorous with the rest of the wing. Hindwings rather darker than in other forms.

ab. rufa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p. 62,

Heddish-brown, The whole of the ground colour of thi3 tint the transverse lines fuscous the stignata pale usually lines with black at their lower extremities; the subterrainal line paler than the ground colour,

Tutt says this is the ravida of Hubner f, 600(not 126) but this figure in our copy of Hubner does not agree at all with Tutts rufa, being of a dark brown

ab, semiconfluens Cockayne, Ent.Sec. I952.64.-o. 129, The orbicular and reniform stignata are united.

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p.2.

Spaelotis Bsd. ravida Schiff. continuad.

Nbct. 19.

P. I.

Graphiphora 0.

augur P. aberrational forms etc.

ab. hippophaes Hubner. Samml.Eur. Schmett. I828~32.pl. 166 f. 782-3.

The figure shows the wings greyish-brown, the markings well pronounced.

augur Fab. typical form — most authors agree that this is reddish-brown or brown.

ab. omega Esper. Eur. Schmett. 1788. 4*398 pl.131 f.2.

Esper says the ground colour is brownish light grey, his figure does not agree, it is rather dark reddish-brown, his latin decription says reddish-grey. It would appear to be a synonym of the typical form,possibly sli^itly paler/

ab. assimulans Borkhausen. Naturg. 1792. 4. p. 209.

Forewings yellowish-grey,glossy. ; the markings more or less normal.

ab. nigra Vorbrodt, Schmatt. Schweiz. I9II. I. p. 248. Quite dark, almost blackish.

ab. helvetina Knaggs. Ent. Mon. Mag. I872. 8. p. 182.

Very pale brown ground colour) the markings , with the exception of a faint indicat¬ ion of the reniform,are virtually absent; the wings have a pec tiller silky or satiny texture and lustre. Hindwings silky fuscous whitish with a barely discern¬ ible lunule.

We have the types in the British Museum (B.-C.-K. Coll. ) and both are albinos, ab. conjuncta Schille. Polsk. Pisrao. Ent. 1924. 3. p. 7.

A black longitudinal streak extends from the reniform stigma to the outer transvers line.

bivirga Geton. Ent. Ber,I935.9.p. 192.

7ne discal area of the forewing between the two transverse lines is very much lighter in depth of colour, so that it gives an entirely appearance from the typical form.

ab. junota Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1939. 82. p. 235 (description p. 197 ) The orbicular and reniform are joined.

ab.abdita Joann. Bull. Soc.Ent.pr. I89I.-q.8I.

Turner in his Brit. Moot. ( Suppl.Ent. Sec. 1938 50.p. (145) & (146)) gives this form both as an aberration and a subsp. ,with the description which does not seem to be of an augur iorm,the hindwings being whitish and a little smoky on the margin, the nervure3 distinct,

Seitz gives no abdita Joann. , only abdita 3tgr (nec. Joann. )

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P. I.

Diarsia Hbn,

aberrational forms etc.

brunnea Schiff.

ab.lucifera Esper. Eur. Schmett. 1789. 4.p. 453* pi* 142 f.6.

Forewings rufous clouded with violet especially towards the outer margin; stignata pale yellow, a black spot between the reniform and orbiculap, three dark bands traverse the wings leaving a fascia of yellow spots towards the outer margin.

The chief character would seem to be the yellow transverse fascia just beyond the reniform.

ab. nigricans Lampa. Ent. Tidskr. 1885. 6. p. 53* Blackish. This probably means purplish-black.

ab.rufa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2.p. 113.

The red colour spread all over thw wings, they are bright red with the stigmata yellowish,but the black quadrate spot between the stignata is often no darker than the rest of the wing.

ab. stiff us aa c Strand, Arch, og, TTat, T903. 25*p. 10.

Forewings of a paler grey-brown and the fringes a less brovmish colour, the violet suffusion so distinct in typical specimens is only slightly indicated or the costa and on the basal half; the stignata less emphasised one sees only a slight black ring in their place. . Hindwings rather pale.

ab. norvegicola Strand. Arch. Naturg. 1915* 81 A 12. p. 146.

Forewings brownish-grey tinged with olive without the rufous and purple tinge. Described as an aberration, possibly racial in Scandinavia.

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Noct. 21

P.I

Diarsia Hbn,

raendica Fabricius. Slyst.Ent. 1775 p. 6ll. = festiva auct.

mendioa Fabricius, typical form - - Following the arrangement of Tams and Fletcher in the new "South", the type form is now mendica F. ,the description of which is - Forewings pale flesh-coloured with several fuscous 3triae; in the middle of the wing a large fuscous spot and in this the ordinary stignata are very yellow. The hindwings yellowish with a fuscous stripe.

This is charcterised by the space between the stigmata being filled with dark, ab. primulas. Esper, Fur. Ochnett. 1788. 4.p. 428 pi. 136 f . 5.

The ground colour greyish-yellow,the stigmata whitish, a triangular blackish spot between them, other markings not distinct.

ab. f estiva Schif'f . Verz. Anh. 1775. P. 314.

= festiva Hubner. Samml. Fur. Schmett. 1800-03 pi. 24 f . 1 14.

Presuming that Hubner* s form is the same as Schif f . the description is given of Hubner *s figure - Forewings with the basal half rather pale greyish with distinct markings, the outer half reddish with varying transverse shades; a dark spot betweer the stigmata.

ab. congener Hubner, (turbida in error on pi.) Sajml. Sur, Schmett. I8I4-I7 pi. 135 f„&8 ”, turbida Hubner. Samml. Eur. Schmett. 18 14-17 pi. 135 f. 617. ( turbida is a Leucanid) The figure shows the forewings bright yellowish-ochre with a prominent middle- shadow of reddi3h-ohestnut,the lower part darker chestnut. The transverse lines and other markings fine but distinct.

Many authors, including Cockayne give the name congener to this figure 617 of Hubner instead of turbida. Hubners name congener is given to f.6l8 which is a form of L. comma . 'Putt say3 it is turbida in error but gives no reason. Leraoke calls, it as Hubner does, turbida. The reason for this is that Hubner had already named turbida on pi. 47 fig. 228 and it seem3 obvious that the fig, 618 called on the plate congener is in fact turbida (a darker form) , therefore the names of

figs. 617 and 6l8,are in error , switched about, 0I7 being congener and 618 being turbida.

ab. subruf a Haworth. Lep. Brit, 1809. P. 227.

Forewings red or reddish-purple, the ordinary stripes and spots paler and indist¬ inct. Heniform stigma close to the oblong fuscous spots, the outer one in its unper part yellowish atherwise as in festiva.

ab. pseudoconflua By. -Salz. (nom. nov.pro. conflua H. -Sch.nec. Tr. )3nt. Sec. 1939. 5^*Ji30. - conflua H. -Sch.nec. Tr. Syst.Bearb.IS^I ? p. 358.

Bright ochreous and reddish-brown mixture, the colour not approaching violet red but is more yellow-brown. Between the two basal lines is a black dot, of the claviform only the black dot at the end is visible.

ab. ruf o-virgata Tutt, Brit. Noct. I892. 2, p. 120.

Ground colour deep reddish-ochreous mottled with darker red but with the basal area paler ochreous and also the extremeouter margin beyond the subterminal line, the area between the central transverse shade and subterminal being darker red forming a sort of transverse band. s./n>/' 4s/W c?w s'**

ab. ignicola Herrich-Schaffer, Syst.Bearb.I850 ? 2. pi. 88 f. 455»

The figure shows the forewings dull ochreous with the transverse lines distinct. The base brown, also the middle "shadow and a transverse band just before the outer margin. No quadrate spot between the stigmata, only the continuation of the middle shadow.

ab. ochrea-virgata Tutt. Brit, Noct. 1 892. 2.p. 120,

Pale yellow or whitish-ochreous with the basal area pale, the central shade well developed, the area from this to the subterminal line filled in with dark reddish through, which passes the elbowed line and in which stands the pale orbicular.

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Noct. 21.

P.2.

mendica (f estiva) aberrational forms etc

ab. roseovirgata Cockayne, Ent. Sec. 1952. 64 p. 12 9 pi. 5 -.1.

Ground colour greyish-ochreous with few markings; a conspicuous transverse hand, greyish-lilac , with a tinge of pink, between the outer of the two blackish lines bounding the median area and the pale line external to the subterminal.

The type is in the R. -C. -K. coll. Brit.Mus. , the description is somewhat misleading the "pale line" is not external to the subterminal, the area between the postmed¬ ian and the pale line is filled in with lilac and forms a transverse band.

ab. grisea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 122,

Forewings almost unicolorous dark greyish, slightly glaucous, with a slight reddish tint, a most ill-developed or obsolete median shade, orbicular grey,reniform ochreous,a slightly darker transverse shade between the elbowed line and the sub terminal.

ab.coerulea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2.p. 122.

Forewings of a clear slaty or lilac colour; the stigmata paler but without quadrate spots.

ab. quadrata Tutt. Brit, Noct. 1892. 2.p. 122.

Forewings clear slaty or lilac a3 in the preceding but with the space between the stigmata filled in with a dark quadrate spot and another inside the orbicular.

ab. fuscolimbata Cockayne. Ent.Rec. 1952. 64 n. I29.nl, 5 f.2e

Ground colour of the forewings pale brownisbwochreous dusted with black scales from the external of the .two, lines bounding the median area, to the termen; the normal markings visible; there is also slight dusting with blackish scales between the basal and antemedian lines.

ab. nigrobasalis Cockayne. Ent. Sec. I952. 64.p. 129 pi. 5 f.3*

On the forewing, between the basal and antemedian lines , powdered with black scales and the upper half of the lines themselves is thick and black.

ab.unixormis Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1939® 82. P. 242. (lamentanda Warren nec. Alpheraky ) Forewings light unicolorous ochre-yellow with very weak markings.

ab.fasciata Hannemann. Int. Ent.Z. 1917. XI.p. 105.

The hindwings with a sharply defined ligjrt postdiscal band.

ab.havana Sibille. Lamb. I927.27.P. 74«

The colour "havana" with the submar ginal band more dark.

ab.fibulata Dahl. Ent. Tid3kr. 1930. 5I« P.25I pi. I of Dahl f. 2.

This separates itself from the other described forms in that the dark outer border is absent. From the base of the forewing there proceeds an obscure red streak towards the lower portion of the area near the anal angLe of the wing,

ab.disparata Draudt. Seitz I933» 3 Suppl. p. 76. pi. II f. row G.

"Looks almost like a brunnea by its dark violet ground colour with still darker patch between the stigmata, and its bright yellow-red anal tuft."

The figure does not look like festiva, described from Lapland.

ab. carlilei Brandt. Snt. Z. 1934. 47. p. 148. fig.

Ground colour similar to the type form but the brown scaling is wanting, thus the whole ground colour is lighter. The postmedian at the costa runs the wrong way, cutting through the reniform( instead of round it), the subterminal is dark-shaded on its inner side and this dark shadow is broken through by pale radial streaks of ground colour, thus a quite different appearance is given, on the fold between the stigmata there are black streaks.

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p. 3-

mendica F. (festival aberrational forms etc.

ab. cingulata Cockayne. Ent. Sec. 1946. 58 p. 73 pi. X f . 4.

Ground colour pale yellowish-grey; a broad blackish band due to a thick sprinkling of black scales runs across the middle of the wing extending from the external border of the orbicular to the postmedian line; the submarginal line is present but faint.

ab.mediorotundata Boldt. Tijdschr. Ent. 1939* 82. p.242.

The median shadow line goes from the co3ta along the external border of the orbicular forming a semi-circle to the inner margin.

ab.conjuncta By.-Salz. Ent. See. 1939. 31* P. 31*

= semiconfluens Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1939*82 p.242. (description p. 197)

The orbicular and reniform broadly conjoined at the base.

Lempke' a form has the stigmata united by a double line. Cockayne makes it a synonym.

ab. transversa By.-Salz. Ent. Sec. 1939* 82. p. pi.

Ground colour reddish or whitish ochreous,nor dark quadrate spots present. Two very large transverse shades across the forewing, one middle shade between the orbicular and reniform and another outside the postmedian line.

ab. dannehli Corti & Draudt. Seitz 1933*3 Suppl.p. 75 (corrected p. 2p0) pi. 24 row i. Described first as a species but demoted to an aberration of festiva by Draudt. Single male, looking like an enormous very wide-winged dahlii,of pue ochreou3 yellow colour and with very striking grey-black central band. The other markings are only faint, but the dot in the claviform is distinct. Hindwings pale blackish with yellowish fringes and blackish marginal streaks.

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Noot.21

p. 4.

raenclica F. (festival

sub3p. orkneyensis By* -Salz. and aberrational forms

subsp. orkneyensis By. -Salz. Ent. Rec. I939*5T«P. 31.

Ground colour a very rich Prussian red to cameo-brown. The transverse lines slightly lighter, the submarginal line rather strongly contrasted ochreo us. Renif orm very distinct , light ochraceous buff, also the orbicular circled with the same colour. Darker spots before and behind the orbicular. A small black dot at the end of the claviform. Hindwings as in f estiva, sometimes a rather distinct light postmedial line present. Tip of the abdomen in the cT rufous.

The race from Orkney Islands.

subsp. orkneyensis ab. depicta By. -Salz. Snt. Rec. 1939. 51. P« 3^»

As in the preceding orkneyensis but the transverse lines obsolete, maculae of the ground colour , quadrate spots absent.

subsp. conflua Treitschke.

The subspecies from Iceland according to 3ytinski-Salz and not occurring in Britain.

subsp. borealis Zett.

'This is the subspecies from Northern Scandinavia with its f. diducta Zett. and does not apply to British specimens.

subsp. thulei Staudinger. Iris 1891. 4. p.266.

The subspecies from Shetland,

Staudinger says '’Far darker than festiva and also the Alpine and Northern var. conflua Tr. Forewings dark chestnut-brown to black-brown, the lighter transverse a. markings becoming weak in the outer part; the two upper stigaata are, for the most part, somewhat lighter and sometimes separated by a deep black snot; a scond smaller snot stands before the orbicular. Hindwings also far darker grey-black than in festiva and conflua. Smaller than typical festiva and larger than most conflua.

The following aberrations are described under the subsp. thulei otgr. ab.primuloides By. -Salz. Snt. Rec. 1939. 31. P* 33*

Ground colour yellow-ochreous but with a dull shade as in primulae Esp. Designs less conspicuous and not so reddish; spots before and behind the orbicular black. This form may be considered a very light thulei Stgr. Unst.

ab. rufobsoleta By. -Salz. Bnt. Rec. 1939. Pl.p. 33»

Bright red chestnut-brown; base, middle 3hade and marginal area sometimes darker. In most specimens lighter transverse lines present; renif orm of the same colour as the ground, rarely somewhat lighter. Shetlands.

ab. hethlandica By. -Salz. Ent. Rec. 1939. 5^*P. 33»

'Buis is the same form as the preceding but with dark marks before and i behind the orbicular* The renif orm and sometimes also the orbicular are often lighter than

the ground colour.

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p.5.

mendioa F. (festival

subsp. thulei Stgr. aberrational forms .

ab. obsoleta Tutt. Brit. TIoct. I892.2.p. 123.

Like borealis the greyish brown form of conflua but somewhat paler in ground colour and without the dark quadrate spot between the stigmata, the latter still paler than the ground, the transverse lines as in borealis.

Tutt took borealis for the Shetland subspecies, it therefore is an ab. of thulei. ab.maculata By. -Salz. Bnt.Kec. I939.5I.P.34*

As in thulei Stgr. but the orbicular surrounded with light ochraceous and the reniform entirely ochreous. Submarginal line in the 0" obsolete, in the 9 rather distinct. Shetlands.

ab. glabrina By. - Salz. Ent. Pec. 1939. 5*. b. 34.

The most beautiful form of all. Ground colour as in thulei Stgr. , basal line, ante and postmedial lines light ochreous, very distinct. Submarginal line and marginal area ochreous with dark longitudinal streaks along the veins, the fringes dark. Reniform and orbicular light ochreous the latter with darker centre, the end of the claviform distinct bl ack. Resemble s somewhat C.vaccinii ab. glabroides Fuchs. Shetland

ab. rufonigra By.-Salz. Bnt.Hec. 1939. 5I.P. 34-

Ground colour very dark chocolate; surroundings of orbicular, reniform and marginal area slightly lighter. Black marks before and behind the orbicular. This is the darkest f . hethlandica in which the forewing is entirely suffused with black. Shetland.

ah. unicolor By. -Salz. ent. See. 1939. 31. P. 34

Ground colour a very dark sepia, all the lines slightly lighter, maculae obsolete, black spots absent. . Unst,

ah. nigra By. - Salz. Ent. Fee. 1939. 51. p. 34«

Ground colour an almost black sepia,maculae very slightly lighter , spots before and, .behind the orbicular and end of the claviform black, not very contrasting, Shetlands. abs. unicolor and nigra are the extreme dark forms of ab. obsoleta Tutt, and f. thulei Stgr. in which the brown colour is entirely suffused wijsh black.

ab. nigrostriata By. -Salz. Ent. Rec. 1939. 51. PP. 34.

Colour and markings as ab. hethlandica but with black streaks on the veins. Vein I black almost to the base, veins 2-4 black to the cell,3-9 only to the submargin¬ al line. Shetlands.

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Moot. 22

P. I.

Diarsia Hbn,

aberrational forms etc,

dalilii Hbn.

dahlii Hbn. typical fora - Ground colour yellowish-brown, the markings distinct. Female darker brown especially the inner marginal area.

ab. rufa Tutt. Brit. Noct. I892. 2.o. 114.

Forewings deep reddish-brown frequently tinged with purple with the central area not distinctly mottled but with well-marked stigaata.

ab. candelisequa Stephens. Ill. Haust. 1829. 2.p. Ip2.

Forewings griseus with a gLaucous hue and severed, black transverse strigae and a broad middle shadow, before the margin a slightly waved pale yellowish-brown striga; a minute black spot in place of the claviform. Ilindwings dusky ash with pale rufescent cilia.

ab. perfusca Kane. Fntom. 1895. 28.p.2T7.

= fusca Lenz. Schmett. Sudbayern 1927. p.239.

Unicolorous dark sepia, the only marking being a very clear whitish reniform preceded by a darker blotch representing a vestige of the median band, in some instances a pale dotted antemarginal waved line. Some examples are wholly unic¬ olorous, while others show only a trace of the pale reniform, and others only -with its outline represented.

ab. bicolor Oberthur in Culot. Nbct. 1910. 1.p. 48 pi. 7 f. II.

Ground colour of the figure is brownish violet. The character of the form is the contrasting yellowish-grey of the stignata and wavy subterminal which stand out conspicuously. The description is given before the name, Turner completely missed this and gives details regarding primulae which contain no description.

ab. signata Strand. Festschrift 1937* 3*P* 5&3

Forewings y ellow-brown , the inner margin somewhat darkened as much as in the typical form, thus the yellow-brown ground is here somewhat more striking. The character of the new form is the outer third of the wing between the outer transverse line and the margin. To the outer transverse line there follows next a narrow band of the ground colour which is finished off by a soft waved blackish streak about l£ mm. wide. This goes to the inner margin but is abruptly cut off before the costa. In this streak lie the pale nervures. The area up to the waved line is again yellow-brown. The waved line itself is again outwardly very strongly dark shaded 30 that a deep contrast in markings arises.

ab. nyx Strand. Festschrift 1937* 3*P» 3^4.

The forewings have almost completely lost their marking, but the hindwings are darker than normal.

ab. accentif er Strand. Festschrift 1937* 3» P* 5^4.

Only observed in the 9. From the spot-like sagittate stigma arises ayellowish streak about 2nm. long which reaches up to the inner transverse line. It has the same colour as that which often forms the filling of the reniform.

This presumably means a light streak from the black spot which represent the claviform in this species travelling obliquely upwards to the antemedian line.

ab. griseopulverata Strand. Festschrift 1937* 3«P»

Only observed in the 9. Characterised by the very grey general suffusion which occurs on the whole inner half of the forewings. Placed against the dark central shade, the deep brown colour stands out strongly. Behind the outer transverse line there is a narrow band of very grey tone, like the area between the waved line and the margin. Here in this form there is developed a strong contrast of colour.

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Noet. 23.

p. I.

Diarsia Hbn,

rubi View. aberrational forms etc.

rubi View, typical form - -the ground colour reddish cinnamon-brown.

ab. quadrat um Hubner. Samml.Eur. Schmett. I809“I3»pl. IO'I f. 477*

The figure shows the ground colour pale reddish-brown, dark pink ’would better describe it. Apparently the form we get in Britain in the Spring but colours in these old works are not to be relied on. Most authors make it a colour aberration but it is little more than a synonym of the type, in my opinion. This also applies to radica Ssper. Eur, Schmett. 1790. 4. p. 497 pi. 15 1 f. 4.

ab. grisea Pfau. Abh. und Berichte Pommersche Haturf. Ges. 1928. 9.P. 237.

Ground colour of the forewings grey.

ab.fasciata Meves. Eht. Tidskr. 1914. 35 p. 19*

The first transverse line of the forewing strongly dark-shadowed, the middle shadow-line strongly developed, the second transverse line bordered by a black- brown band towards the fringe, the undulate line light , the fringe-field is dark. By this the form has four dark stripes on a lighter ground.

ab. obsoleta Lempke. Tijd3chr.Ent. 1939* 82. p.244.

Forewings unicolorous without trace of spots, only the subterminal faintly visible.

ab. confluens Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1939. 82. p.244. ( description p. 197 ) The orbicular and reniform joined but their contours remain distinct.

ab. semiconfluens Cockayne. Ent. dec. 1952. p4.p. 129 .

The posterior or inner-marginal ends of the orbicular and reniform are united .

The Type is in the R. -C. -K. coll, in Brit. Museum; the stigmata are joined by a short double line so the form is not the same as the preceding.

ab.xant host axis Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1939* 82. p.244*

The orbicular , reniform and claviform yellowish, sharply contrasting with the ground colour.

ab.floridoides Dannehl. Ent. Z. I925. 39*p.

Large light variegated examples such as pass for florida Schmidt. If these are not the true good species florida this rubi variety requires another namerfloridoid.es.

ab. borealis Lingonblad. Lamb. 1936. 36. p.239, (" :;4<f 2 /?36/6, pt.l;

Much darker than the typical form, deep grey-brown without the least shade of reddish; they are a little smaller with somewhat slighter wings and with the transverse lines very indistinct.

Described from Lapland as an aberration but possibly racial.

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Moot. 24,

p. I.

Diarsia Hbn.

aberrational forms etc

florida Schmidt.

ab. gerontion .Schultz. Int. Ent. Z. 1934. 28. p. 419. Pale brownish-rose ground colour.

ab. f lava S. Walker. Ent. Pec. 1902. 14 p. 171.

Forewings rich chrome-yellow; sorae with an orange tint on costa, the stigma and transverse lines rather indistinct; the quadrate spot pale rosy, the fringes yellow. Thorax and body yellow, hindwings greyish-yellow.

ab. ochracea S. Walker. Ent. Sec. 1902. 14 p. TJ2,

Forewings dull buff, with stigma clearly outlined, transverse lines distinct, the quadrate spot reddish-brown. Hindwings gr eyish-yellow , the fringes paler.

florida Schmidt. Stett.Ent. Z. 185 9* 20. p. 46.

The description of the typical form is given below since there is much argument as to its specific status - -

Head, neck and thorax brown, the abdomen above more dull coloured, below towards the sides the hairing and anal tuft in the male rose reddish, feet white-ringed, antennae brownish, in the male of a pink tinge. Ground colour of the forewings of a uniform bright yellow-brown, all the markings distinct. The first (halved) and second (comolete) transverse lines on their outer side are darker bordered than on their inner side, as is the first complete line on its inner side. The area from the less waved subterminal to the rose-reddish fringes as well as the costa of the third area or field, darker (reddish) brown in which the veins are visible as fine blackish streaks. The middle shadow very weak, the usual stigmata paler than the ground, the reniform shining brown, indented on its outer side, the orbicular with lower part darker, the area between them dark brown. The claviform apex coloured blackish like the others. Hindwings in both sexes pale earth-brown, darker in the marginal area with blackish middle-moon and rose-reddish fringes.

I have collected this insect at Askham Bog, the locality which produced the yellow aberrations (which certainly are not rubi)but all specimens obtained were more of a rosy-brown than a ” yellow-brown" the colour mentioned by Schmidt, it is possible therefore that we do not get the typical form in Britain, ours belonging to ab. gerontion Schultz.

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Noct.25

p. I.

Ochropleura Hbn.

nlecta L. aberrational forms etc.

plecta L, typical form - - the ground colour brown-red.

ab. anderssoni Lampa. lint. Tidskr. 1 885. 6.0. 54-.

The ground colour violet-black or blackish-purple.

ab. rubricosta Fuchs. Jahrb. Nass.Ver, 1900.53* p2l6.

The costa of the forev/ings widely purple red, instead of whitish-yellow, the colour of the rest of the wing normal.

ab. fuscicosta Hirsc^p. V erh. zool. -bot. Ges. Wien. 1910. 0O.0. 418.

Lacks the characteristic broad whitish costal streak, in this specimen only a short whitish basal trace remains.

Lempke makes this a synonym of the preceding which has no whitish yellow left (showing) of the original or normal pale costal streak.

ab. unimacula Staudinger. Stett.Snt. Z.I859.20.p.2I3. (Gat. I87I Ed.2.p. 84)

The ground colour reddish chestnut-brown, with the orbicular completely absent.

ab. strigata Hirschke. Verh. zool. -bot. Ges. Vien. 1910. 6o.p. 413.

A distinct transverse line borders the central area of the forewing on its outer side, slightly bowed and running from the costa to the inner margin. In the marginal area on the costa a triangular dark 3pot shows clearly, just as the margins.! spot on the lirnbal line. The dark basal streak is very distinct and reaches the transverse line, in this streak the stigmata stand out clearly. On the hindwing the costa is less darkened than in the typical form.

ab.plectella Strand. Arch. Naturg. 1915. 81 Al2.p. 145.

Forewing with the costal area purple but on the subcostal and median veins, white streaks.

ab. albilinea Lempke. Ti jdschr. Ent. I939« 82. p. 23I.

Forewings with a sharply contrasting white subterminal line.

ab. pallida Lempke. Ti jdschr. "Snt. 1939* 82. p. 231.

The entire basal half of the forewings whitish to beyond the reniform spot. In this whitish area are the stigmata, the black basal streak and a stripe of ground colour beneath the median cell.

ab. fasciolata Heinrich. Dtsch.Bnt.Z. I9l6.p. 5I2.pl. 4 f. 9.

On the hindvings about 3rara.from the margin the veins are powdered with black from 2 ~3mm, giving the impression of an uninterrupted band from the costa nearly to the anal angle, running parallel with the margin.

The figure is very bad, hardly showing even a line on the hindwings.

ab. mucidata Dannehl. Snt. Z. I925. 39* P* 128.

Specimens in which the stignata are completely wanting,the costal marginal streak broadened to cover the location of the stigmata and extending very pale to the outer margin thus appearing dull yellow. Hindwings yellow- grey with a more aoparent row of dot3 across the distal area.

? ignota Swinh. P. Z. 3. I889.p.4II.

Both 'Turner and Lempke include this form from Ceylon as occurring in Britain and Holland respectively. Lempke mkes it a mere colour form with the ground colour pale red, probably from Warren's description in Seitz which is completely mis¬ leading. The main character of the form is the absence of the black in the cell, it is not likely to be an aberration in Britain or Holland.

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Noct. 26. • Amathes Hbn.

p. I.

glareosa Esper. aberrational forms etc.

Eur. Schmett. I788. 4.p. 387 pi. 128 f. 3.

= hebraica Hubner. Sararal. Eur. Schmett. 1818-22. pi. 140 f.642 = i-gerainum Duponchel. Hist. Nat. 1826. 6. p. 80 pi. 77 f . 6.

ab.rufa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 108.

Forewings with the ground colour a beautiful lilac-grey, tinted all over with beautiful rose colour.

ab. griseonigra G. Smith. Ent. iec. 1954. 66.p. 97*pl. 3 9.

The ground colour darker grey than the typical form, the hindwing smoky. Described from Llangollen,Wales.

ab. limbata Gouin. Actes. 3oc. Linn. Bordeaux 1900. 74.p. 67. The forewings with a wide black margin.

ab.hebraicoides Gregson. Young Nat. 1888 p.2I,

The ground colour dark cold brown, making the costal spots appear less distinctly defined and the margins of the stigmata more so.

This form would seem to be the same as edda Stgr.from the Shetlands but since the locality is not given it cannot be used for this northern form with any certainty.

subsp.edda Staudinger. Iris 1891. 4.0,266.

= suffusa Tutt. Brit. Noct. I892.2.p. 108.

The dark race from the Shetlands.

Forewings dark brown-black with white transverse lines and slightly developed stigmata margined on the inner side with deep velvety black. Hindwings greyish- black instead of whitish-grey.

? decempunctata de Vill, Linn. Ent. 1789.2. p.273 pi. 5 f. 17*

The figure is unlike glareosa and the description of little use.

Warren in Seitz makes it a synonym of the type form and Turner in his Brit. Noct. merely lists it with no comment. It is best to avoid the use of the name.

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■

Noct. 27,

P. I.

Amathes Hbn

depun eta Linn. aberrational forms etc.

depuncta Linn, typical form - the ground colour slaty-grey.

ab.mendosa Hubner. Samml. Eur. Schmett. I800-03.pl. 2o f. 120. (not 502)

The figure shows the forewings greyish yellowish brown* This agrees with most of our British specimens, one cannot tie them down to the colour of such inexact figures. Tutt and Turner seem to have got the two mendosa forra3 figured by Hubner the wrong way round. Tutt says he thinks fig. 120 is highly coloured and meant to represent particularly red specimens of our more ochreous and reddish form. This description applies to fig. 502 of which he says '"the ground colour a deep brownish-ochreous , hindwings grey with a distinct lunula" . There is no lunule showing in fig. 502. and the brownish-ochreous ground applies to fig. 12 0. Turner has copied this and says "Forres specimens are more ochreous slaty- grey and very like the fig. 502 var. mendosa Hubner, to which they may be referred. This quite wrong, they should be referred to fig. 120.

ab.mendosa Hubner. Samml. Eur. Schmett. 1808-18 pi. 10 7 f. 502. (not f. 120)

This figure is very bright yellowish-brown with reddish suffusion in the median area, unlike any British depuncta and most probably an exaggeration on the part of the artist. Since the name mendosa is used for the first of Hubner’ s figures it cannot be used for this.

ab, raaddisoni Newman. Proc. 0. Lond.Snt. & Nat. Hist. Soc. 1923-24. ( 1923 )p. 93*

Newman merely 3ays "A fine heavily marked specimens of var. raaddisoni. "

Turner gives a fuller description in Ent, dec. p0. Suppl.p. ( l60 ) 1938 by Cockayne. "Base, median area and stignata thickly peppered with blackish-brown scales; usual markings accentuated; marginal area lightly peppered with blackish scales; nervures blackened; oblique line of black hairs through tegulae.

ab.obscura Clayhills. Not. Ent. 1927* 7*P* 83

The colour of the disoal area i3 as dark as the deep black spots on the proximal transverse lines of the typical form; the basal area somewhat lighter as also is the marginal area. , where the black veins are emphasised. The transverse lines are double and pale grey-brown. The margins of the stigmata are of the same colour but the waved line is somewhat darker. Hindwings dark brown- grey.

ab. arenoflavida Schawerda. Int. Ent. Z. 1934. 28. p.425 pi.- f. 3*

Wholly light sand-yellow and without markings except the basal and post-basal black spots and on the costa a few pre-apical minute dots. The postmedian and pre-marginal transverse bands are obsolescent, the transverse row of very fine black points standing normally between the latter is scarcely visible, the reniform hardly visible. Hindwings pure white.

ab. obsolescens Cockayne. Ent. Sec. 1952 >64, p.129, pi. 5 £.4.

Forewings pale greyish-ochreous,the two black dots at the base and the three bordering the antemedian line present; the reniform and orbicular faintly marked and with no dark mark between them; the median shade and postmedian line absent; the subterminal line present and the row of dots internal to it, and from these dots to the termen the nervures are darkened.

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.

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.

. '

Noct. 28,

p. I.

Amathes Hbn,

agathina Dup. aberrational forms etc. = albimacula Stephens.

agathina Dup. typical form - The ground colour reddish-grey, the colour of wine- dregs. The figure of Stephens albimacula agrees with Duponchel's agathina.

ab. leucographa Stephens. Ill. Haust. 1829. 2.p. 199*

Forewings reddish-brown, varied with white and ochraceous yellow, with fine purplish or coppery shades, mar kings normal. Hindwings ochreous-white with central lunule and two transverse strigae fuscous.

Stephens thought this form to be Gtypsitea leucographa Hbn. and cites his (Hubner’s) fig. 57^. There seems no doubt that it is a reddish-brown form of agathina.

i

ab. rosea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p. 59*

Forewings of a bright rosy tinge, markings normal..

? ab. scopariae Mlliere. Icon. 1864. 2. p. i5i.pl. 67 f. 10.

This form is not the melanic one which occurs in M. England and Scotland since it has no trace of the usual band and line on the hindwing which is stressed in both the description and figure. It is probably racial in France.

? ab.provincialis Culot. (Guenee. ) Noct. I909~I3» I.p. 39 pi. 6 f.8.

Also racial in France differing from the preceding only in its small size, it lacks the banding on the hindwing which our British specimens always display, this British form is ab. infuscata Culot. ( Guenee. )

ab.infuscata Culot. ( Guenee. ) Noct. I909“I3* I.p. 40.pl. 6 f. 9.

The melanic form occurring in N. England and Scotland. Guenee ’ s specimen was from Scotland.

Forewings very dark, almost black with some clearer spaces reddish. Distinguished from the preceding by the hindwings which are crossed by a distinct, band very visible on the paler ground. The description entirely agrees with our British form.

subsp.hebridicola Staudinger. Cat. Ed. 3* 1901. p. Ip8. {fig'd Culot. Noct. I. pi. 6 f. 10 )

The race from Hebrides. Pale greyish, almost without reddish tint.

ab. cingulata Loritz. Entom. 1947. 1B0.pl. 2 f. I.p. 145.

Forewings with the pale band extending from the base two thirds along the costa continuing, to surround the reniform stigaa in a broad pale girdle and touching the inner margin some millimetres from the hinder angle. A. light patch present near the base. The ground colour is dark grey, not reddish as is normal. Hindwings much lighter than normal.

ab.virgata Wightman. Ent.Rec. 1945*57* P* 47.

Ground colour pale pink tinged with whitish-grey 9 the usual markings iust discernible in darker grey. The whole area between the inner and outer lines is dull -grey, except along the costa which is wholly of the pale ground colour. This deeper grey colour is confined to the central fascia and does not spread out beyond these lines, The orbicular is present as a mere dull white pin-point, the reniform normal.

c

.

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.

4 • *

,

’ *

4 . ^

. „

■’

: *

....

„ „■ ■ 1 -

Moot. 29

p. I.

Snathes Hbn.

aberrational forms etc

aloicola Zett.

A-

- hyperborea Zett.

alpicola Zett. typical form - Ground colour ashy, the markings more or less distinct.

ab. ? carnica Hering. Stett. Ent. Z. 1846 p.236.

In colour resembling agathina,in markings obelisca. In both sexes there is a shading of copper-reddish, in the 9 sometimes mixed with grey, sometimes dark yellowish-brown. Hindwings reddish- grey, with a ' darker shade towards tht light fying* Tutt .makes, this the form not uncommon in Scotland and the description certainly fits the- rufous examples * found at Eannoch. Thefe ' seems to be no other name for this richly marked form which is very different from .the Type of alpina Humph. & Westwood (see below) so it can be used, for .all examples. with -predominating coppery shade but .without the clear ashy colour of ab. coerulescens Tutt.

ab. ? glacialis H. -Sch. 3yst. Bearb. 1849. 2. p. 198 pi. 82 f. 421.

-ttaudingir refers it to carnica Hering,the preceding, quite wrongly since H.-Sch. gave the hame to cover a very variable species and not one form, If however the first fig. 421 is taken as glacialis it is much paler than carnica and has no

cuneiform spots in the margin.

ab. aquilonaris Zett. Ins. Lap. 1840. p. 940.

Greyish, brown suffused, the ordinary stignaia obsolete, a marginal row of black spots. Tliis may well occur as an aberration in our British race.

subsp. alpina Humohrey & Westwood. Brit.Moths. 1843. I.p. II8.pl. 2p f . I3»

The earliest name for our British race. The type is in the 3. -G. -K. coll. at Tring but is not like most forms being paler, grey-buff, and lacking the usual rufous tingej it wa3 collected on Cairn Gowr, Perthshire.

ab. coerulescens Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p. 87.

Tutt names the figure in Herrich-Sch&ffer *s §yst Bearb.pl. 82 fig. 424(the third figure called glacialis , all three being different ) and says it is the same as the form commonly seen in collections in England,Herrich-Schbff er ’s figure must be very exagerated since the blue ground is far too bright for anything occurring in Britain.

Putt’s description of his coerulescens is -''Probably the most beautiful form of all. Rich red-brown with all the markings of a clear ashy or slaty colour, showing up distinctly the transverse lines and stignata. The series of cuneiform spots distinct, well marked in intense blackish, v/ith lineolae extending from the outer side of reniform.

ab. unif ormis Ccokayne. Ent. Sec. 1952. 64. p. 130.

There is a comolete absence of the usual black or blackish-brown markings on the forewing. These are replaced by rufous or in some cases the rufous scales are mixed with dark brown ones; the row of black marginal dots remains.

ab. rufistigna Cockayne. Ent.Rec. 1952. 64.p. 130 pi. p f. 6.

Ground colour of the forewing uniform blackish-brown with the following markings visible, blackish postmedian and subterminal lines, a black mark between the reniform and orbicular, two oblique black lines internal to the orbicular, and a broad black stripe running from the base to the termen and lying just below the median nervure and nervure 2; the reniform and orbicular stignata are pale rust colour and contrast strongly with the dark ground.

ab. suffusa Richardson. Ent. Rec. 1952. 64.0.270 & 2~j2 pi. II f.22.

Porewings, hindwings, thorax and abdomen all coloured blackish-brown, through which the usual markings are faintly visible on the f or ewings, especially the pale ante and postmedian lines, a row of marginal white dots, and a basal line extending across the costal half of the wing. The dark colour has faded considerably since emergence.

► 5

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*

Noct. 30. "P* X*

snathe 3 Hbn,

ashworthii Dbl. aberrational forms etc.

- vallesiaoa Stainton( nee. H. - SchjEnt. Ann. I 835»p. 41.

ab. virgata Tutt. Brit. Mo ct. 1892. 2. p . 78.

Forewings with the cntral shade extending from costa to the inner margin and enclosing the orbicular stigna. The transverse shade then coalesces with the quadrate 3pot between the 3tignata (characteristic of ashworthii) and forms a blackish-brown band extending to the complete basal line. ‘The subterminal is generally well developed in the banded form.

ab. vallesiaca Stainton, in Tutt Brit. Moot. 2 p.77« = ashworthii Dbl.

This is obviously a synonym of the typical ashworthii which Stainton thought was the sane as the vallesiaca Her rich- Sch&ffer 3yst. Bear b. 2 pi. 17 f. 80. a Continental species. Tutt separates it as an aberration which shows no black quadrate spot between the 3tignata,with no grounds for doing so since Stainton mentions no such character , merely saying the species had been collected by several colleague.; in vi/ales at the end of July. It is therefore not an aberration.

ab„ substriata Mansbridge.

The melanic form,

Proc. Lancs. & Cheshire Ent. Sec. 1906. 30 p. 47. Entom. 1907. 40 p. 22.

, ;

Noct. 31.

P. I.

Amathes. Hbn.

aberrational forms etc.

castanea Esper.

ab. neglecta Hubner. Saraml.Sur. Schmett. I800.pl. J4- f . l6o. Forewings dull grey, transverse lines and stignata distinct.

castanea Esper. typical form - - Ground colour unicolorous bright red.

ab. laevis Haworth. Lep. Brit. I809.P. 207.

Ground colour reddish-grey, , the markings almost obsolete. Tire fringes of the fore¬ wing dirty reddish, those of the hindwing paler.

The form would seem to be intermediate between the typical red form and neglecta.

ab. cerasina Freyer. Neu Beitr. 1842. 4.p. 38.pl.3I2.

The ground colour wine-red or violet-brown without markings, except for a pale weakly marked subterminal.

Tutt for no apparent reason says this is the same as the preceding laevis Haw. the figure and description are of a far darker form which must beiare in Britain.

ab.pallida Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 109.

Ground colour pale whit ish-ochreou3, with the reniform and orbicular outlined in red; the subterminal i3 composed of a series of red dots; otherwise unicolorous without any other transverse lines.

ab.xanthe Woodforde. Ent.Mon.Mag. 1901. 37 P* Il6»

The ground colour rich yellow, approaching that of mustard, darker towards the base paling off a little towards the outer and inner margins.

ab. albi&a Cockayne. Ent. Sec. I992. 64. p. 129 .

Fore wing greyish-white, entirely without markings, the reniform only just visible.

ab. subrubra Bannehl. Ent. Z* I929. 39. P. 122.

Examples of neglecta with a strong reddish suffusion which is not confined to the base. Dannehl says these are not the same as laevis Haworth.

The form would seem to be extremely like laevis but possibly less tinted with red.

ab. gLaucoptera Schultz. Int. Ent. Z. 1930. 24. p. 169.

Fore and hindwings whitish- grey, the lines and stigmata just visible, the lower part of the reniform somewhat darker.

ab. syriae Strand. Arch. Naturg. 1919* 81. A 12. p. 149. Hindwings white with a dark marginal area.

ab. signata Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1939. 82. p. 250.

The subterrainal line bordered with black on its inner side.

ab.fumosa Meves. Ent. Tidskr. 1914. 39* P. 18.

All wings, dark sooty- grey} the forewings with extremely indistinct black transverse lines and surround to the reniform, and only very weak traces of a paler subterminal line. (From the German translation on p. 41. )

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,

.

. c ,

Noct. 32

p. I.

Amathes Hbn,

aberrational forms etc

baja Schiff.

= tricornma Esp.

ba.ja Schiff. typical form — the ground colour red-brovm.

ab, grisea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p. I06.

Forewings pale greyish-fuscous,sometimes with a slight ochreous tinge, the markings vary as in the type form.

ab. coerulescens Tutt. Brit. Tibet. 1892. 2.p. I06.

The form has the ground colour of the type with a distinct 3laty tinge which is very noticeable in the basal and subcostal areas.

ab.purourea Tutt. Brit. I'Toct. I892. 2. p. I06.

The reel ground tinted with a beautiful purplish or plum colour and not of the ferruginous shade as in the type and hence has a much richer appearance than any of the other forms, reminding one of the lovely violet or purple tinge seen in some specimens of brunnea.

r ... . 1 ) 1 a 1 A_- '• , ’ ■'

ab. punctata Aurivil fiord. F jar. 1888. p. 1 13.

The transverse lines along their length with black dot-like spots on the inside.

ab. immaculata Hoffmann Ent. 1. 1910. 23.0.223.

The black wedge-shaped spot in the apex of the forewings is completely absent.

ab. cinigera Filip j. Ann.Mus. Zool. U.E. 3. 3. 1927. 28. p. 237.

Wholly uniformly bluish- grey in colour, coerulescens Tutt has only the basal and subcostal areas tinged with slaty.

Possibly confined to Siberia, one d* from Sidemi.

ab. monachi Meves. Ent. Tidskr. 1914. 33«P» 19*

Forewings almost unicolorous , dark brown- grey, markings virtually absent,, there are only 3 black spots where the subterminal starts and other small spots at the start of the transverse line, dark patch in reniform partly visible.

ab. clausa Lernpke. Tijdschr.Bnt. 1939* 82. p. 24-3 (description p. 197)

The first and second transverse lines join at the inner margin.

ab. xysti Meves. Ent. Tidskr.1914. 35. p. ^9*

Remarkable on account of the unusual appearance of the external transverse line; the usual double line joins up at one end to form a continuous band of black crescent —shaped marks, the ground colour as in coerulescens Tutt.

! foot. 33

v, I.

snathes Hbn,

c-nigrum Linn. aberrational forma etc.

= nunatrum E3per.Sur. Schmett. r/82. f*3*

=3ingulari3 E3per. Sur Schmett. 1782. 3. pi. 7^ f « 3*

ab. 3uffu3a Tutt. Brit. "foot. 1892. 2. p. III.

Of a deep violet black, the oale costal blotch of a reddish fle3h-colour,hindwing3 dark greyish-black as in ditrapezium.

ab. rosea Tutt. Brit, loot . 1892. 2. p. III.

Of a clear testaceous slightly rosy, with the cellular spots between the stignata and the 3pot at the ba3e the only black markings, the subterminal line spotted, blackish, distinct.

ab.umbrata Schultz. Soc.Snt. 1908.22. p. I83.

= depmvata 3ang-Haas. Iris 1912.26 p. 139*

Ground colour 30 darkened that the characteristic costal markings scarcely stand out from the more dusky ground.

In deprivata the co3ta in the central area is conspicuously dark, thereby showing uo the reniform. The colour of the forewing is dull black, a It tie glossy but somewhat of a coppery tint.

The two form3 are hardly different enough to separate.

ab.maerens Dannehl. Ent. Z. 1925. 39»p. 123.

Extreme examples show a smooth unicolorou3 violet-black tone, only the costal blotch paler a3 i3 also the inner half of the reniform, a small black spot at the base and the small costa], spot, are visible.

The form is very close to the preceding but oossibly shows the costal markings naler.

ah. nigrescens Buresch. Trans. Soc. Bulg. Sci. 'Tat. 1913. 7»?» 100.

A melanic form with perfectly black forewings. Of the usual li^it costal mark there is only a 3pot lying between the black but ill-expressed C-mark. Also the hindv/ings along the margin are strongly black.

ab„frit3chi Culot. Noct. I909-T3. T. p. 4j> pi. 7 f*4.

Remarkable on account of the clear space in the middle of the f'ore.'ings.

The figure shows two small black 3pots only, in place of^the normal black G-mark they are not connected but stand out in the straw coloi^d costal blotch.

I have taken thi3 form at Tring,more often than not it is asymmetrical.

ab. grisea Turner. Ent. Sec. 1939. 51. Suppl.p. ( 165 }

Thorax and forewings pale grey with the usual black markings a slightly darker brownish-grey.Hindwings and abdomen nearly white.

ab. albinotica Cockayne. Ent. Sec. 1932. 64. p. 130 pi. 3 f • 5*

There is a complete absence of black pign ent. Head, thorax, and abdomen very pale grey, fore’, zings pale blue-grey, in the <5 flushed with a slight rosy hue in the median area, along the costa and in the posterior part of the wingjthe stignata, and the usual conspicuous black mark touching them, are absent.

ab. immaculata Lemoke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1939* 82 p.247. Tne dark apical mark of the forewings i3 absent.

ab.juncta Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1939. 82 p.247. (description p. 197) The orbicular and reniform join together.

ab. confluens Ler^ke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1939. 82. p.247. (description p. 197 ) Instead of joining the the stignata are united by a double line.

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ffoot. 33.

P.2.

c-nigrum Linn, continued.

Moot. 34.

P. I.

Snathes Hbn.

ditrapeziura Schiff . I775«-Wi©n. V erz.p. 312.

= ditrapezium Bor kh. 1792. Naturg. 4.p. 513.

= sign a Godart, 9 1824 Hist. Nat. 5.pl.6l.f. 3. (d pi. oO ? )

= tristigaa Tr. 1823. Schraett. Hur. 5 (I). p.243.

aberrational forms eto.

ab. pallida Hoffmann. Schm. Stierm. 1914 p.3^9.

Light examples like the ab. rosea Tutt of c-nigrum. The form has a great similarity with A. triangulum.

ab. signata Lerapke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1939* 82. p. 248.

The subterminal line is bordered internally with a de.rk line

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.

/

.

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.

Moot. 35.

p. I.

kmathes Hbn.

triangulum Huf n. 3erl. Mag. 1766. 3. p. 306.

= signa Borkh. Naturg. 1792. 4. p. 439.

= signa Hbn. Samml. Bur. Schraett. I809_I3-pl. 106 f. 497(nec.f. 122 )

aberrational forms etc.

triangulum Hufn. typical form - - the ground colour reddish-yellow or brown.

ab. intermedia 'Putt. Brit. Hoot. 1892.2. p. 110.

- signa Haworth. Lep. Brit. I809.p. 225. (nec. Hubner. )

Tutt renames the signa of Haworth since it is greyish purple, whilst Hubner’ 3 signa is {according to Tutt j the palest of the forms - pale grey with no trace of red. I agree with Turner that this is by no means the case, in his copy of Hubner it is a dark insect, in ours at Tring ye 11 ow-br own with very dark hindwings,it shows how unsafe it is to rely on these old works when describing colours. Tutt describes his intermedia as intermediate between the red type and the pale signa of Hubner but gives no actual 3hade. It would appear to be greyish-purple with only a slight reddish tint, since Haworth merely 3ays " griseo-purourascentibus. " Tutt says it is the commonest form in Britain.

signa Hubner. Tutt has separated this form from the type because in his opinion the figure shows a very pale insect. This is not so in our copy of Hubner so it is made a synonym of the type.

ab. avellanea Hirschke.Verh. zool. bot. Ges.Wien. 1910. 6o,r>. 413.

The ground colour of the upoerside of the forewings and fringes is a beautiful light colour instead of yellowish-brown with purple reddish mixture, markings normal, standing out more strongly than in the typical form. Also the colour of the upperside of the hindwings,as well as that of the underside of all wings is lighter than typical.

ab. obscurior Salzl. Mitt. Munch. Snt. Ges. 1928. 18. p. 62.

The ground colour chocolate; the dark 3hade and light areas on the costa and hindwings in a striking way resemble A. stignajsica Hbn. , it is distinguished from this by the well known long black streak by which the orbicular and reniform are united and by the outer waved line, which is almost obsolete and not so toothed as in 3tignatica.

ab. immaculata Lerapke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1939* 82. p. 247.

The black mark or spot at the apex of the forewings is absent.

ab. signata Lerapke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1939- 82.p247.

The subterrainal line on the forewing is bordered internally with black, ab. unimaculata Chalraers-Hunt. Entom. I96l.94.p. 281. pi. 7 f . 10.

In the discal cell of the forewing the first dark mark is completely absent and the second one somewhat reduced. The cross-lines are all rather more strongly emphasised. The combination of these characters gives the moth a very different appearance from normal triangulum.

Moot. 36.

p. I.

Jtoathes Hbn.

\ y- >

rA trrriJbtftftee^ •

3tignatica Hbn. =_xhombnid<3 a -©?.

aberrational forms etc.

ab. tristigna Stephens. Ill. Haust. I829. -.p. I32.

Deep fuscous brown.

The figure of the type form in Hubner * 3 Samrnl. Bur. Schmett.pl. 100 f. 47O-7I shows much more red than Stephens description of tristigna so the latter is treated as an aberration. Hubner ’s figures are so bad that it, tristigma, is merely a synonym of stignatica.

ab.lalle Schultz. Int.Snt.Z. 1934.28. p. 419.

Ground colour of the forewings violet-brown without reddish tinge, but the hind- wings are darker, giving the insect, compared with the typical form, a very much more obscure appearance.

ab, stigmatula Ent. iundsch. 1924. 41. p. 43.

The dark area between the orbicular and reniform stignata is absent.

ab.pallida Turner. Snt.Hec. 1939. 51. Suppl.p. (168)

Ground colour paler than normal; the square spot between the stignata. obsolete; other markings present but pale; thorax and abdomen paler than usual.

Noct. 37.

p. I.

Anathes Hbn,

xanthographa Sohiff. = radica Esp.

= tetragona Haw.

aberrational forms etc.

xanthographa Schiff, - typical form - Tutt bases hi3 colour forms on the conclusion that the typical form is dark greyish-fuscous. Lemplce says it is dark red to chestnut-brown and makes ab.rufa Tutt a synonym. Warren in Seitz says dull brown.

It is doubtful whether the exact shade of the type is known so we accept Tutt’s dark greyish-fuscous.

£

ab. cohaesa Herrich-Sch&ffer. Byst. Bearb. 1845. 2.p. 209.pl.20 figs.95~97» The ground colour yellow grey, the markings more or less normal.

ab. elutior Alpher Stett. Ent.Z. I887.P. 168.

The ground colour pale cinnamon-brown,the reniform pale edged.

ab.rufescens Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p. I25.

The ground colour pale reddish, not of the decided red of ab.rufa Tutt but which have the red tint more pronounced than the pale grey cohaesa or the dark grey of the type.

ab.rufa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 123.

The ground colour bright red. Also dark red specimens inclining to chestnut, the stigmata distinct but transverse lines generally more indistinct.

ab. obsoleta-rufa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p. 126.

Bright red as in the preceding ab.rufa but with the stignata and transverse lines quite obsolete, becoming unicclorous.

ab. obscura Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892* 2,p. 123.

The ground colour dark reddish-black, the markings ill-defined but the stignata clear and well marked. Hindwings deep blackish-grey.

ab. obsoleta-obscura Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 126.

The ground colour dark reddish-black as in the preceding ab. obscura but the stignata and transverse lines are comnletely obsolete and merged into the ground colour.

ab.funerea Gauckler. Krancher 's Ent. Jahrb. I90T. X.p. 133 (154?.)

A very dark form, the ground colour of the forewings is a dark, almost black-brown with a suggestion of violet. AL1 the marking is sharply defined, a blackish quadrate spot between the stignata, the pale subterminal only slightly showing. In rare cases the black-brown forewing is crossed at the base and also in the marginal area by a paler curved band and the nervures in the central and marginal areas are blackish powdered and stand out.

Lempke makes this a synonym of obscura Tutt but there seems to be no red in this form.

ab. nigra Tutt. Brit. Noct. I892.2.p. 125. 126.

The ground colour blackish-grey. Tutt then says on the next page "as intensely black as, but without the red tinge of ab. obscura" We must therefore presume that the form csn be intensely black as well as blackish-grey.

ab. budensis Freyer. Neu. Beitr. 1839- 3«P« 56. P-1-* - ' • -•

Extremely large, the size of b a. j a. Forewings black- grey, somewhat darker in the middle the usual bands obsolescent, distinct streaks on veins forming a band.

Very similar to nigra Tutt but Tutt by the name "nigra" obviously meano much dar v

er examples.

c

Noct. 37.

P.2.

Amathes xanthographa 3c h iff. continued.

ab. obsoleta-nigra Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2.p. 126.

Ground colour blackish- grey to black with the stigmata and transverse lines obliterated, producing a perfectly unicolorous form.

ab. unicolor Failla. Nat. Sic. 1888. 7. p. 2JI,

= obsoleta Tutt. (divided into colour forms) Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 126 = astixis Dannehl. Ent. Z. 1925. 39*P* 123.

Unicolorous, without markings.

Tutt made three colour shades of his obsoleta which can stand as separate from others although actually they are covered by unicolor Failla.

£

ab. xanthostaxis Dannehl. Ent. Z. 1923. 39 p. 123.

In all shades of colour specimens in which the stigmata are completely filled in, appearing as clear yellow drops, these appear more noticeable especially when combined with such dark forms as obscura and nigra.

ab. mar gine^prnata Dannehl. Ent. Z. 1933* 46. p. 246.

The antemarginal li^it band stretches out appreciably into the yellow colour of the stigma. The form can occur in all specimens but is naturally found more often in examples with strongly developed stigmata such as ab. xanthostaxis Dannehl

ab.pallidior Cockayne. Ent. Sec. 1946. 58. P. 73 pl.X f.3*

Forewing very pale brownish-white with the usual markings faintly visible. Hindwing whitish with the marginal shade just visible.

ab. alba Cockayne. Ent. Sec. 1944. 56. p. 53*

The forewings , hindwings , thorax, abdomen and all other parts are white and without markings.

ab. signata Lempke. Tijdschr.Bnt. 1939. 82. p. 249.

The subterminal line is internally bordered with black.

ab. semifasciata lichardson. Ent. G&z. 1958.9* P« 129. pi. 9 4. 10.

The terminal half of the for owing is darkened with fuscous through v/hicn the black nervures show clearly, fho fuscous area ends just outside the orbicular and contrasts strongly with the clear red basal half. This is crossed by two wavy lines one near the base and the other just inside the orbicular. The nervures of the outer half of the hindwing arc also darkened.

it

*

*} *

*5

« ' O

Noct. 38,

p. I.

Anathea. Hbn

3ex3trigata Haworth. = umbrosa Hbn.

aberrational forma etc.

,

*

Moot. 39

P.I.

Axylia Hbn,

putris Linn. Faun. 3uec. I7'oI.p. 315.

= subcorticalis Hufn. Berl.Mag. I767.3»P» 308.

= lignoaa Hbn. Saraal.Sur. ochmett. 1800-03 f.245.

aberrational forms etc.

ab. juncta Lempke. 'Tijd3chr.3nt. 1939. 82. p. 237. (description p. 197) The orbicular and reniform united but retaining their contours.

ADDBIE-h. 7.

Moot. 39. A. putr is Linn.

ab. brunnea doater. Bnt.Rec. 1969. 8I.0.27.

The ground colour of the forewings is warm reddish-brown, and the hindwings are smoky. Collar warn reddish-brown, remainder of thorax and abdomen dark grey-brown.

Anapleotoides Me Dunnough

Meet. 40

p. I.

prasinu Sehiff.

= herbida Sehiff.

= herbida Hbn.

=egregia Esp.

= viridi-obscura Goeze. = mixta Haw.

aberrational forms etc.

ab. jaspidea Borkhausen. Naturg. fur. Schmett. 1792. 4. p. 440.

The light patch on the outward side of the reniform is absent.

ab. albimacula Hormuzaki. Ent. Nachr. I89A. 20. p. 53»

The ground colour pale grey, by which the green colour becomes strongly curtail¬ ed. The sharply defined patch on the outer side of the reniform is very striking and bright white, without green suffusion.

ab. pallida Tutt. Brit. Noct. T892. 3. p. 65.

Po rewings pale whitish-green. Hie pale patch outside the reniform is absorbed in the paler ground colour. This i3 the extreme pale form.

ab.viridior Spuler. Schmett. Bur. 1905. i.p. 164.

Sap-green (light green) instead of yellow-green.

Turner's translation is wrong,he says the form is yellow-green.

ab. olivacea Lenz in Osthelder Schmett. Sudbayern 1928. 1. (2). p. 2pl.pl. 14 f. 4. pale yellowish.

ab. suffusa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. i.p. 6p.

Forewings reddish-brown with a black area around and including the stigmata; a pale patch outside the reniform, the transverse lines comolete and black, out¬ lined with pale greyish.

ab. lugubris Petersen. Lep.Paun. Bstland, 1902. p. 09.

Ground colour uniformly generally dark brown- grey, in which the greenish and whitish markings are scarcely to be noticed, so that the appearance is wholly unfamiliar.

ab.obscura Lenz in Osthelder Schmett. Sudbayern. 1928. 1. (2) p. 2^2. pi. 14 f. 8. "Dark”. The figure shows the forewing very dark with only the costal half of the antemedian line and the pale patch outside the reniform showing up lighter.

ab.vittata Heinrich. Dtsch.Bnt. 4/fr9Io) I9I7.p. 5I4.pl. 4 f. 10.

- medionigra Lenz. in Osthelder Schmett. Sudbayern. 1928 p. 231 pi. 14 f.2,6 4 ~J.

The area between the ante and postmedian lines darkened unicolorous black-gieen forming a sharply margined distinct band.

medionigra by the figures is not so extreme, the darkening being more restricted not filling the whole -area between the tEans verse lines.lt can be separated as a transitional form if so desired.

ab. effusa Cockayne. Ent. Hec. 1952. 64. p. 130 pi. p f. 7»

Ground colour green, none of the usual markings are sharply defined, the stignata both lack the usual sharp black outline and all blackish transverse lines are obsolete or nearly so except the sub terminal, the nervures running from the row of black dots to the subterrainal are marked with blackish scales.

0

\

9 <}3

;

0

Noct. 40

p.2

prasina Schiff. continued.

ab. leucozona Cockayne. Ent. Rec. 1952. 64. p. 130 & Ipl.pl. 5 f . 8.

The pale area in the middle of the wing and the absence of black scales in and around the stigmata give this form a most unusual appearance giving the effect of a broad •vhitish transverse band proximal to the orbicular and another distal to the reniform. The ground colour is green, basal area dark brownish- green, ante and postmedian lines absent; A narrow dark green line runs from the costa to the orbicular and another from the reniform to the inner margin; the orbicular has a narrow black ring round it and a greenish central spot which is surrounded by whitish; the .reniform has a very narrow black ring narrowest on the outer side and one greenish dot in the upper and another in the lower part; the subterminal is dark green with a blackish spot between 4 and 3; the subcostal and median nervure3 are white,nervures 3 and 4 are white and the space between them white or whitish as far out as the outer row of black dots internal to the subterminal; the ground between the dark basal area and the inner row of black specks external to the reniform is whitish-green. s

ab.masseyi Cockayne. ISnt.Rec. I952. 64 p. 130 & 13 1 pi. 5 f.9»

The insect lias an unusual mottled appearance. 'The ground colour brownish-green with the usual lines distinct, the orbicular and reniform indistinct but between them is a black mark; the distal side of the reniform is whitish with a tinge of ochreous in the middle and the outer limit of the usual pale area external to the reniform i3 of the same colour forming a whitish-ochreous line, the space between these two lines is black crossed by two parallel whitish-ochreous longitudinal lines with a much narrower white one above and below.

ab.demuthi Richardson. liitom. 19p3. 91. p. 211; pl.4,f. 1 & 2.

The usual green markings on the forewings show through a black ground. Hind- wings slightly darkened, with ochreous fringes.

The author says he bred a series of 35 specimens, which varied from very dark green to almost black, and that 'the darkest forms give a lovely effect when bred.

1 *» •»

9 •>

.

a

Noct. 41.

p. I.

Euroi3 Hbn,

occulta Linn.

ab. iraolicata Lef ebvr e. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. I836. 3. p. 394 pi. 10 f • 4.

There seans to be complete confusion over this form, starting with the author himself whose descriotion does not agree at all with his figure. His description says the wings blackish with whitish transverse lines, the orbicular white. The figure shows shows a dull grey insect with no whitish lines or orbicular.

Corti & Draudt in Seitz 3 Suppl. p. 87 say they have 3een the type and it is not like passetii Th. -Mieg. the black form, but is a grey form with rather diffused markings which does not differ very much from the usual form . In view of this it is not advisable to use the name for our British forms.

£

ab.extricata Zetterstedt. Ins. Lap* I840.p. 940.

Blackish-grey , varied with fuscous, the lines and marks on co3ta white. Generally accepted as the intermediate form between the grey typical and the blackish passetii Tli.Hieg.

ab, passetii Thiery-Mieg. Le Wat. I885. 7*P» 237* ? (I886.8.P.237)

= aethiops .Hobson & Gardner. Young Naturalist (List)

Forewings deep black-brown. much blacker the an the type form, with the usual lines scarcely marked. Described from Scotland.

aethions had the forewings black, the lines and margins of the stigaata greyish. Certainly the name for our northern black form which Tutt called implicata Lef.

ab. grisea Hannemann. Int. Ent. Z. 1915. 9.P. 4o.

The whitish-grey tone on the forewings is wanting,the lines and stigmata are so strongly suffused with dark grey that the wings appear almost uniformly grey, the black markings are still quite recognisable,the fringes of the hindwings yellowish.

ab.rectangularis Stephan. Iris 1925. 39«P. T9-20.

The forewings paler than typical, the orbicular large, the inner transverse line indistinct but the outer one, which usually near the costal margin is only slight¬ ly bent (or curved) is in this form distinctly angled at almost 90 degrees.

Both the arrow-shap ed spots from the subterminal extend towards, and point straight at, the point of the angLe. This is of such striking appearance that the name rectangular is seems appropriate.

ab. pallida Spuler. Schmett. Sur. 1905. 1. p. 1 6b.

The forewings whitish without brown and the mar Icings obsolescent or suffused.

ab. roseovirgata Dannehl. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 1949. 19»p. IOo.

The catered band inside the outer border of the middle field appears light rosy- red. 'This colouring is in the form of spots here and there outside and below the reniform. ALso the pale parts before the outer margin are lightly suffused with rosy.

ab. ? subsp. ? nigra Metz. Int. Ent. Z. 1928. 22. p. p2.

Forewings deep black, the orbicular and reniform black ringed with white; the basal ante and postmedian lines and the subterminal white. Hindwings deep black with white fringes.

Possibly a local race in Germany,it is very similar to passetii Th. -Mg. but the description seems to indicate an even blacker form, in. our northern form the hindwings are not deep black but fuscous.

ab. semiconfluens Lempke. Tijdschr.Snt. 1939* 82 p.234 (description p. 197) Instead of joining by their contours the reniform and orbicular are united by a double line.

'foot. 41.

p.

Eurois occulta Linn.

continued

Noct. 42

P. I.

Euschesia Iibn. ( Erich aena )

janthina Schiff. ,'ien. Verz. 1775* P. 7s* = purpurascena Harrison. Scot. Nat.

aberrational forms etc.

janthina Schiff. typical form - - The ground colour violet-blue, brown spotted. = purpurascens Harrison has the ground colour purplish, he named the form under the impression that the type form was greenish (from Esper's description) but Schiff 's description is the earliest and was not given by Tutt.

ab. rufa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p, 92.

Differs from the purplish-red of the typical form in having the forewings bright red.

ab. subrosea Harrison. Scot. Nat. 1937* p. 179.

Forewings pinkish-grey, sprinkled with blackish scales. The outer line is distinct whilst the space between it and the usual position of the central shade stands out as a darkish band, lightly suffused with rosy-grey scales. The stignata are obsolete, but the submargianl line and the dull red costal patch are both present. The veins , especially vein I, and those of the cell, tend to be outlined in blaok.

ab. ronensis Harrison. Scot. Nat. I937«P. I7^»

The space between the submarginal and the outer lines, except for the reddish costal blotch, is filled in with grey.

ab. plusioides Harrison. Scot. Nat. 1937* P» T]0.

The reniform and orbicular are well marked and filled in, except where the latter merges into the costal grey suffusion. Its general appearance recalls that of many British Plusias.

Presumably the stigmata are filled in with whitish.

ab.virgata Harrison. Scot. Nat. I937« p. 17^* The median area exhibiting a black band. Presumably on the forewings.

ab.peacocki Harrison. Scott. Nat. 1937* P* 170 • *

Forewings with blackish ground colour, the thorax and abdomen black. The grey irrorations and markings usually found are present. .

*■ y/iz "r ' tnvs'fovrm./*? A. . AS ~ tw

sf'S &-r'p^7Q,/ tz/usc •y'X- A/ otj _

ab. latlmarginata Sober. Ent. Nachrichten 1900. p.204-.

= flavomaculata Spuler. Schraett.Eur. 1903. I.p. 14-3.

On the upperside of the hindwing only a spot of yellow remains of the normal yellow area.

ab. obscura Culot. Noct. 1909-13. I. p. 30 pi. 3 f . 15.

Semarkable for the size of the black band on the hindwings and the large size of the specimen. The figure shows the hindwings with a very broad band which merges into the yellow with no clear cut line . The yellow area is split into two parts by a black complete streak running from the band to the black of the basal area. The forewings are also aberrant being unicolor ous purplish with a suffusion of pale grey along the inner margin from the base, iith the exception of the reniform and an indistinct 3ubterminal there are no markings giving a most unusual appearance.

ab.pallida Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1939. 82. p. 2p6.

The ground colour of the hindwings pale yellow in place of orange-yellow.

loot. 42.

P.2.

Eusche3i3 .janthina Schiff. continued.

ab. juncta Lempke. Tijdsehr. Ent. 1939. ®2. p. 2j>6 (description p. 197) The contours of the reniform and orbicular join together.

ab. alba Lerapke. Ti jdschr. Ent. 1939. 82.p.2p6.

The ground colour of the hindwings white instead of orange-yellow.

Hoot. 43,

p. I.

Euschesis Hbn. (Triphaena) sobrina 3sd.

aberrational forms etc.

sobrina Bsd. typical form - - the ground colour purplish-red.

ab. suffusa Tutt. Brit. Moot. 1892.2. p. I07.

The dullest and least strongly marked of the sobrina forms. Forewings of a dull, dark grey colour with the slightest reddish tint. The basal area only slightly powdered with grey, the nervures still less so; the transverse lines indistinct, the basal lines darker, the lower part of the reniform darker, the nervures slightly dusted with pale grey at their bases; altogether a most unicolorous form.

ab.mista Freyer. Neu. Beitr. I845.5.P. 102 pi. 441 f. 3*

Thorax and forewings dark copper-brown. From the base to the middle of the wing suffused with grey-blue as in rubricosa. The first broad line nearest to the base is only weakly visible, the second beyond the reniform consists 03? black spots on the veins, a third pale watery band runs from .just below the apex to the inner margin; stignata paler and hardly visible.

This, from the original description, does not altogether agree with the figure. The grey are in this figure is confined to the basal area, finishing at the antemedian line and not to the middle of the wing as stated in the description. There is a well-developed median shadow in the figure, not mentioned in the description. The main character of the form wpould seem to be the blue- grey basal area.

ab. gruneri Guenee. Hist. Nat. ( Noct. I. ) 1 852. p. 33&. ( fig. Dud. Hist. Nat.pl. 69 f. 6. ) Large. The reddish tint of the forewings is replaced by ashy-whitish slightly tinted with rose.

Described from the Pyrenees , possibly racial, but may occur as an aberration.

ab.lapponia Freyer. TTeu. Beitr. I845. 5*p. 122 pi. 453 as lapponica.

Thorax and forewings brown-grey but suffused with ash colour for two thirds of the wings from the base outwards; markings hardly visible, the dark stignata almost obsolete and only marked with weak contours. The subterminal line is Dale and watery.

The figure is quite good but the transverse lines are drawn somewhat heavily and the pale subterminal does not show. The main character is the grey area extending over most of the wings. Described from Lapland but may occur as an aberration.

ab. confina Kozh. Jahrb.Martjan. Minus. Mus. 1925* 3- (I) p. 75.

Description from Seitz 3 3uppl.p.88 - "differs from typical sobrina by having the transverse lines and stigmata finely and very distinctly indicated by black lines.

ab. intensa Turner. Ent. Sec. 193s. 50. Suppl. p. ( 154- 155 )

Without any grey suffusion and of an intensely dark brown with a slight red tinge. The colour is so deep that it is only with difficulty that any markings can be traced at all. Hindwings also dark being more smoky than any other example seen.

ft

(

Noct. 44,

o . T •

Suschesi3 Hbn.

comes Hubner. Samml.Eur. Schmett. I809-I3. pi. HI. 52I. - pronuba-minor de V ill, I789. Linn. Ent. 2 p.279.

= melanozonias Gaelin. Linn. Syst. Nat. 1790. 4. p.2544.

There seems to be comolete confusion over the names given to this snecies a.nd the next, orbona Hufn, , which has the black apical mark on the forewing. Tutt calls this present species orbona Hufn. and the next one subsequa Schiff.

Turner in his Brit. Moot. changes to comes Hbn. and uses orbona Hufn. for the next. Lempke uses subsequa Schiff. for the next and says in Tiidschr.Ent.I952 95. P« 306 that all modern continental authors who have studied this problem are of the opinion that orbona Hufn. is the species without the dark costal mark and wants the name subsequa Schiff. placed on the Official List as the species with this mark. Cockayne uses comes Hbn. for the common species and orbona for that with the apical mark and since the 3. -C. -K* collection is arranged according to the new Edition of South's Brit. Moths (which also uses the name comes Hbn for the common species ) Hubner 's (name with its positive figure )will be, for the present, used, the two names pronuba-minor and melanozonias are not used because their identity is not certain although they have priority. See Prout's note on Synonymy in Ent. Fee. 1903. I5.P.22I

comes TIbn. typical form- Forewings without an apical spot or fleck, the ground colour reddish-brown, not dark.

ab. adsequa Treitschke. Schmett.Eur. 1825. p.p. 256loart I)

The ground colour is pale brown with white atoms ('brownish- grey) the markings indistinct.

ab. connuba Hubner. Saraml. Bur. Schraett. I8I9~22.pl. 148 f. 680.

= pronubina De Graaf. Sepp. I843~53. 7*P. 139. .

= iramaculata Hackray. Lamb. 1945. 45. p. 66.

The black lunular spot on the hindwings conpletely absent.

The markings of the forewings in Hubner 's figure are also vejy indistinct, pronubina merely has different coloured forewings.

ab.prosequa Treitschke. Schmett. Eur. 1825. 5. ( I ) . p. 256.

The ground colour dark brown with white atoms, the markings distinct.

jmit the following from these notes, intern osita now a distinct species.

ab. ijiterposita" Hubner! ( non. nov. pro. subse qua Hbn. ) Beitr. Schmett. 1790.2. p. 118.

= subsequa Hubner. (nom.preoc. ) Beitr. Schmett. 1788. 1.pt. 4 p. 32.pl. 4 f.Y.

= consequa Hubner. Samml. Eur. Schmett. I800-03.pl. 23 f. 105.

The coloured figures of Hubner '3 subsequa and consequa are obviously of one and the same insect yet Lernpke places interposita( subse qua) in one species and consequa in the other. Both figures appear to me to be comes forms. Turner also places subse oua (renamed interposita) under orbona Hufn. and consequa. under comes and says that the wing shape of the subsequa is that of orbona whilst the general shape of consequa is quite different from that of orbona. The two figures appear to be identical, there is no sign of the apical mark, characteristic of orbona and the pattern is altogether too heavy for that species.

‘The form is dark purplish or violet-brown with the stigmata dark brown, ringed in very pale colour.

This dark form is quite common in comes but extremely rare in orbona, if it occurs at all. If it were certain that it is a comes form, it would have priori^/ over Hubner 's comes.

ab. albocostata Heydemann. Ent. Z. I938»52.p. 23. pi. I f. 12.

On the costa of the forewings there is a narrow but distinct white edging, only interrupted by the transverse lines.

ab. gredleri Hartig. Ent. Funds ch. 1924. 41. p. 45.

A striking subsequa form with the orbicular and reniform filled up with black and the hindwings pale yellow.

By "subsequa" Hartig probably meant the figure of subsequa in Hubner 's Eur 3chm. f. I06 which has a pale ground and pale hindwings.

-

Moot. 44,

p.2.

comes Hubner. continued

ab. pallida Tutt, Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 96.

Forewings pale grey tinted with reddish, the markings variable. The red tint is more pronounced than in ab.adsequa Tr.

ab. grisea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892.2. p, 96. Forewings dark stone grey.

ab. rufo-grisea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. . 2. p. 96.

Forewings dark stone grey as in grisea but lightly tinted with reddish.

ab. ochrea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2.p. 96.

Fore-wings pale ochreous or greyish-ochreous,the markings varying slightly in intensity.

ab. rufo-ochrea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 96. Forewings pale ochreous tinted with reddish.

ab.virescens Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 96. Pale ochreous tinted with green.

ab. ruf escens Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2.p. 96.

Unicolorous pale red, the markings generally well developed.

ab. rufa 'Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2,p. 96.

Deep bright red or dark red.

ab. nigrescens Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2. p. 96. (fig. Entom. 22 pi. 6 f.D 2.)

Forewings black, the stignata and transverse lines of a very pale shade, showing up conspicuously. Hindwings frequently much suffused with dark scales. . Scotland.

ab. rufo-nigr escens Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2.p. 96. Forewings black with a distinct red costa.

ab. nigra Tutt. Brit. Noct. I892. 2. p. 98.

The most extreme raelanic form, in which the hindwings and forewings are almost uniformly black. Scotland.

ab. virgata Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 2.p. 99.

Forewings reddish-brown but with the transverse shade which is sometimes develops in other varieties, formed into a distinct dark central band.

ab. lineata Harrison. Scot. Nat. 1937 p. 171.

Entirely black, except for clearly marked outer and submarginal lines. Presumably more extreme than ab. nigra Tutt. The hindwings are not mentioned but if these were also black it is assumed Harrison would have said so since the form would be extraordinary ,wa therefore think the hindwings more or less normal.

ab. curtisii Newman. Entomologist ' s Year Book. I87O ( see Entom. I87I. 3» p. 224)

The form is figured in Curtis Brit. Ent. I83I pi. 3^8 under the name consequa. Curtis describes it as " 3rown,palpi reddish, crown of head pale; Forewings comparatively short, narrow at base, considerably broader at apex, the costa reddish; two pale strigae towards the base, an oblique oval and auriculate stigma, with pale margins and reddish centres towards the middle, beyond which are two pale sinuated strigae, the nervures between them pale and bearing a row of dots as well as the posterior margin; hindwings orange, fuscous at the base, nervures fuscous, a black fimbria, narrow at anal angle, curved above reaching the central crescent. I. of Bute. Coat'd., or p. 3.

it

*

o o •>

comes Hbn. continued

'foot. 44.

p. 3-

ab. curtisii Newman. continued.

The typical foim is therefore brown with reddish costa, Prout makes rufo- nigrescens Tutt a synonym but Tutt definitely states that the forewings are black not brown so his form i3 separated here. There is a tremendous variation in the form curtisii, Tutt and Prout have named the various degrees of shading etc.

ab. clarki Prout.Bnt. Sec. I903-I5-P- 222. (figured Sntom.22.pl. 6 f.GI & C2. )

The Types of this form are the figures Cl & 02 on pi. 6 in Entom.22 by '' !r . J. . _ Clark, which Tutt, on p. 98 of his Brit. Noct. vol.2 ( nec.p. 97 Referred to as curtisii. Prout’s description of clarki is - "Deep red, more or less sprinkled with black, both on fore and hind wings

ab. bergensis Spr. -Schnaider. Berg. Mus. Aarborg. I90I.P. 155-

Dark greyish fuscous, the markings suffused. Hindwings pale yellow with wide fascia.

I have not seen the original description, Turner says it somewhat resembles curtisii in being dark and generally suffused but lacks the beautiful red-brown and the colour of the forewing is not so uniform. This is a description of the coloured figure.

ab. non-mar ginata Lucas. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1903 72 P.-402 pi. 5 f.2.

The black marginal border almost obsolete. The figure shows shows a thin dusky line interrupted for one neural space just below the costa and then continuing as a weak costal blotch.

ab. demar ginata Schultz. Ent. Z. 1908. 21. p. 24-6. fig.

The blacl marginal band of the hindwing almost completely obsolete. The inner edge of the normal band shows only as a shadowy, fine, weakly marked, grey curved line, only imperceptibly broadened at the costa and completely lost towards the anal angle.

Very similar to the preceding but possibly more extreme.

ab. attenuata Warren. Seitz 1909- 3-P.42- (nom.nov.pro. subs e qua Haw, nec. Schiff . ) = subse qua Haworth, (nec. Schiff. ) nom. preoc. Lep. Brit. 1809* P- l6l.

The black border of the hindwing narrow and submarginal.

ab. conjuncta Warren. Seitz. 1909-3- P-42. (nom.nov. pro. subse qua Curt. nec. Schiff. ) The forewings burnt brown in colour with the stignata conjoined and the veins pale.

ab.fumida Warren. Seitz. 1909-3- P- 42* pi. 9 How S-

Forewings dark fuscous tinged with grey; the lines and edges of the stigaata grey, the fringes fuscous; hindwing wholly smoky orange.

The figure must be bad, the hindwings not appearing smoky.

ab. fumosa Cockayne, Ent. Bee. 1952. 64. p. 33 pl-2 f.2.

Forewings smoky-brown with the usual markings visible. Hindwings smoky-brown with no trace of the usual orange colour, band black.

ab. citrina Cockayne. Ent. Pec. 1952. 64. p. 33- Hindwing lemon yellow.

ab, deprivata Cockayne. Ent. Sec. 1952. 64. p. 33 pi* 2 f . I.

There is no doubt in my mind that this is a form of A,baja,not comes, 'e have the Type specimen in the R. -C. -K. collection at Tring.

Forewings brownish-fawn with the markings obsolescent. Hindwings whitish-grey with ill-defined darker border and no lunule, closely resembling sexstrigata.

0 •» 9

o •>

o

p

Toct. 44,

p. 4.

comes Hbn. continued.

ab. albescens Cockayne. Ent.Hec. 1952. 64. p. I30-I3I pi. 5 f*. 10.

Forewings whitish-fawn with a pinkish tint; markings just visible being of the same colour but slightly darker. Hindwings whitish with a very faint yellow tint; the usual black hand replaced by very pale grey. A remarkable alhinistic form.

ab. sagittif er Cockayne. Ent. Sec. 1946. 58. p. 73 pi. I f. 8.

Ground colour pale brownish- grey; basal, antemedian and postmedian lines blackish brown, the oostmedian united to the series of dots lying between it and the subraarginal line so as to form a series of marks like arrow heads; the ante- median is united to the black mark on the costa and to the black dots on the median nervure and nervure 2 so as to form three loops; the orbicular and reniform are filled in with blackish-brown.

ab. undulata Hackray. Lamb. 1945. 45. p. 66.

Hindwings with the black marginal band scalloped on its inner side throughout its length.

ab. pallescens Cockerell. Entom. 1889.22, p. 4. (see Entom. 20. p.240. ) Hindwings creamy white.

ab. corsatra Schawerda. Iris 1926. 40. p. 150.

Forewings deep black with a touch of violet , unicolor ous and with a silky sheen the stignata and a transverse line between the reniform and outer margin are ^ faintly outlined In a lighter colour; the basal and outer marginal areas are slightly lighter. Hindwings unicolorous yellow, no dark dusting on the veins, the marginal band deep black. Ilot the same as ab. nigra Tutt.

Obviously not one of the several dark curtisii forms already dealt with as Schawerda remarks.

ab. olivacea. Turati. Atti. Soc. Ital. Sei. Nat. 1924. 63. p. 72 pi. 3 f. 18.

Forewings with a greenish,in fact olivaceous, tinge, resembling certain forms of fimbria.

ihe figure shows a distinct greenish ground, it would come close to ab.virescens Tutt which was ochreous with a green tinge.

Euschesis Hbn,

Moot. 4%

P. I.

orbona Hufn. Berl. Mag. Ij66. 3* P* J>04,

- subsequa Schiff. '/ien.Verz. 1775. P« 79.

= orbona Rott. Naturf . 1776. 9*P« 125.

- s arm at a Ramb. Ann, 3oc.Ent.Fr. I87O-7I.P. 313*

For the synonymy of this and the previous species see note under comes and Rrout’ s note in Ent.Rec. 1903* I5»P*22I. on the validity of the name orbona for this species.

aberrational forms etc.

orbona Hufn. typical form — Forewing red-brown with brown r enif o rm , hindwings orange-yellow with black margin and black discoidal.

ab. interposita Hubner. How