Pa we ALBERT R.. MANN LIBRARY CORNELL UNIVERSITY CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY IOLA 3 1924 094 821 299 } 7 ‘>? Ca) Art) 4 ¥ Px byt ny rs : a A Ue ANS ks | Pa ‘a HLA ; 7 ‘ ¢-- ey MAY Din U 4 7 7 3 ¥ a ‘ \. e j wy . % ‘ aI i ah : he “2 : c 7 Ay | Je , a Wa oe TT ? Aa | | * vt 7 ‘ { ro a HA ' BY ds “ » i. "a rb, on | a) i“ 1 , 1 : hy ' OF «S iy 4 P A i eal f i M i ; ae rar a A Uy yt ‘ rig t : us ep) Bl \ ‘ ork ‘ Cty ops ay, = ; u ea). al VEG ts i re ar Dee re) ee ie. eee oi, . 7 ‘ \ Nady ; ie . '; ty iy io: iM +k ae wat AA Boku Ae hs - / f ve ae we 1 q , Waar V4 i] RY, in cyereae sata rebel ae ate AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH “ON Eleer Dos Sede TAXONOMY & NOMENCLATURE oF rey ete cahad Troan aU Tntdy a carperee hs gr sane a panne Huse (Basidiomycetes, 1 icholomataceae): Jee G. pubipes sp. nov., G. pubipes var. an 1 EER UT raryopills Watts. < Sieyt dee lanipes comb. nov. Antonio Ortega, Vladimir Antonin, & tds Phallus pygmaeus, a new minute species from a Bra Turi lal ais yn aancamnhe, Paraceratocladium polysetosum, a new record } Luis Fernando Pasch Biosystematics of the myxomycetes Didymium. amt and Physarum melleum: additional isolates onthe lark & Steven Notes on Pestalotiopsis from southern China -siaxiang 1ang, Tong X Polypore fungi newly recorded in Taiwan _ Sheng-Hua ' New species of Marasmius (Basidiomy sien feel olomataceae) from Africa — Sect. Epiphylli, Fusicystides, Globulares, neath and Ne : q hegdie for pie ih Oi HH * ¥ ed ;* eae > lis by Ly oe em PO rte te a - - ed ” , pied hysb ey SHR pod By oh Ame $ f “se ue y S Pg urs an Bon P bere Deh ye ad 24h +r ry eche ea, Wea o % wigh wate t “ ‘ a ™ r - [Contents continued from front cover] Type studies on Phellinus baumii and Phellinus linteus Young Woon Lim, Jin Sung Lee, & Hack Sung Jung Microfungi from Venezuela. A new species of Brachydesmiella, anew combination, and new records R. F. Castafieda Ruiz, T. Iturriaga, D. W. Minter, M. Saikawa, G. Vidal, & S. Velazquez-Noa A new species of Minimelanolocus and some hyphomycete records from rain forests in Brazil R. F. Castafieda Ruiz, J. Guarro, S. Velazquez-Noa, & J. Gené Notes on the genus Pithomyces (Hyphomycetes) from China Xiu-Guo Zhang & Tian-Yu Zhang Taxonomic studies of Stemphylium from China Xiu-Guo Zhang, Yue-Ming Wu & Tian-Yu Zhang A new species of Memnoniella De-Wei Li, Chin S. Yang, R. Haugland & S. Vesper Type studies in Agaricaceae - Chlorophyllum rachodes and allies Else C. Vellinga Two new species of the genus Pholiota from south India K. Natarajan & C. Ravindran Protousnea fibrillatae sp. nov. (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) from Argentina, southern South America _ S. Calvelo, E. Stocker-Wértgétter, S. Liberatore, & J. A. Elix New taxa in the lichen genus Pertusaria (lichenized Ascomycotina) from Thailand Sureeporn Jariangprasert, Alan W. Archer, John A. Elix & Vilaiwan Anusarnsunthorn A new species and new records of Gymnopilus from India K. Agretious Thomas, Laura Guzman-Davalos, & P. Manimohan Microbotryum silybum sp. nov. (Microbotryales) Kalman Vanky & Dana Berner Yuea, a new genus in Xylariales Ove E. Eriksson New species of the genus Asterina from China III Bin Song New species of Parmotrema and Relicina (Ascomycota, Parmeliaceae) from Thailand Kawinnart Noicharoen, Wetchasart Polyiam, Kansri Boonpragob, John A. Elix & Patricia A. Wolseley New and interesting inoperculate discomycetes from Korea Ain Raitviir & Hyeon-Dog Shin A new species of Memnoniella from India T. S. Keshava Prasad, L. G. Asha & D. J. Bhat Saprobic fungi on dead wild banana W. Photita, P. Lumyong, E. H. C. McKenzie, K. D. Hyde & S. Lumyong Notes on Hyphomycetes. XC. Fusicladosporium, a new genus for Cladosporium-like anamorphs of Venturia, and the pecan scab-inducing fungus E. Christopher Partridge & Gareth Morgan-Jones Notes on Hyphomycetes. XCI. Pseudoacrodictys, a novel genus for seven taxa formerly placed in Acrodictys William A. Baker & Gareth Morgan-Jones Studies on Lactarius: a new combination and two new species from Mexico Leticia Montoya & Victor M. Bandala Additions to our knowledge of the genus Geastrum (Phallales: Geastraceae in Brazil [uri Goulart Baseia, Maria Auxiliadora Queiroz Cavalcanti & Adauto Ivo Milanez Hyalophytophthora elongata, a new marine species from Taiwan H. H. Ho, H. S. Chang & S. H. Huang A checklist of mangrove-associated fungi, their geographical distribution and known host plants John Paul Schmit & Carol A. Shearer Book reviews and notices David L. Hawksworth [Contents continues inside of back cover] 201 211 231 241 247 253 Zoo 274 2Tf 289 297 307 313 akg o20 331 341 345 au 371 393 409 417 423 479 MYCOTAXON AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON TAXONOMY & NOMENCLATURE OF FUNGI, INCLUDING LICHENS VOLUME LXXXvV, 2003 COMPLETE IN ONE VOLUME CONSISTING OF iv + 524 PAGES INCLUDING FIGURES EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Pavel Lizon Department of Cryptogams, Institute of Botany Dubravska 14 SK-845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia ASSOCIATE EDITORS BOOK REVIEW EDITOR David L. Hawksworth MycoNova, Calle Aguila 12 Colonia La Maliciosa, Mataelpino ES-28411 Madrid, Spain FRENCH LANGUAGE EDITOR Gregoire L. Hennebert 32 Rue de I'Elevage B-1340 Ottignies - LLN, Belgium INDEX EDITOR Karen D. Gettelman 8 SHORT STREET Cambridge, CB1 1LB, U. K. EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD RANDOLPH S. CURRAH, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (1999-2004) Chair CAROL H. SHEARER, Chicago, Illinois, USA (1998-2003) Past Chair SEPPPO HUHTINEN, Turku, Finland (200-2005 GARY J. SAMUELS, Beltsville, Maryland, USA (1997-2006) DONALD H. PFISTER, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA (1997-2007 Published by MYCOTAXON, LTD., P. O. BOX 264 ITHACA, NY 14851-0264, USA www.mycotaxon.com Printed in the United States of America © Mycotaxon, Ltd., 2003 TABLE OF CONTENTS, VOLUME EIGHTY-FIVE Taxonomical studies in Ustilaginales. XXII Kalman Vanky Three interesting thermophilous taxa of Gymnopus (Basidiomycetes, Tricholomataceae): G. pubipes sp. nov., G. pubipes var. pallidopileatus var. nov. and G. dryophilus var. lanipes comb. nov. Antonio Ortega, Vladimir Antonin, & Fernando Esteve-Raventés Phallus pygmaeus, a new minute species from a Brazilian tropical rain forest luri Goulard Baseia, Tatiana Baptista Gibertoni, & Leonor Costa Maia Paraceratocladium polysetosum, a new record from Brazil Luis Fernando Pascholati Guzmao & Fabio Fernandes Barnes Biosystematics of the myxomycetes Didymium squamulosum, Physarum compressum, and Physarum melleum: additional isolates Jim Clark & Steven L. Stephenson Notes on Pestalotiopsis from southern China Jiaxiang Zhang, Tong Xu, & Qixin Ge Polypore fungi newly recorded in Taiwan Sheng-Hua Wu & Leif Ryvarden New species of Marasmius (Basidiomycetes, Tricholomataceae) from tropical Africa — I. Sect. Epiphylli, Fusicystides, Globulares, Hygrometrici and Neosessiles Vladimir Antonin A new species of Pithomyces Xiu-Guo Zhang & Yue-Ming Wu Tuckermanella, a new cetrarioid genus in western North America Theodore L. Esslinger Two new species of the genus Entoloma from South India K. Natarajan & C. Ravidran A new rust fungus (Uredinales) on Penaeaceae: Uredo sarcocollae on Saltera sarcocolla Mechthilde Mennicken, Reinhard Berndt, & Franz Oberwinkler A list of discomycetes of China. Supplement II Wen-ying Zhuang Tricholoma zangii, a new name for T. quercicola M. Zang (Basidiomycetes: Tricholomataceae) Z.-M. Cao, Y.-J. Yao, & D. N. Pegler New and rare rust fungi (Uredinales) from Anatolia (Turkey) Zeliha Bahcecioglu & Halvor B. Gjaerum Taxonomic and nomenclatural clarification of the onion neck rotting Botrytis species David S. Yohalem, Karsten Nielsen, & Mogens Nicolaisen Volvolepiota and Macrolepiota — Macrolepiota vellosa, a new species from China Else C. Vellinga & Zhu L. Yang A study of Peniophora species with simple-septate hyphae occuring in Taiwan Sheng-Hua Wu Type studies on Phellinus baumii and Phellinus linteus Young Woon Lim, Jin Sung Lee, & Hack Sung Jung Microfungi from Venezuela. A new species of Br achydesmiella, a new combination, and new records R. F. Castafieda Ruiz, T. Iturriaga, D. W. Minter, M. Saikawa, G. Vidal, & S. Velazquez- -Noa A new species of Minimelanolocus and some hyphomycete records from rain forests in Brazil R. F. Castafieda Ruiz, J. Guarro, S. Velazquez-Noa, & J. Gené Notes on the genus Pithomyces (Hyphomycetes) from China Xiu-Guo Zhang & Tian-Yu Zhang Taxonomic studies of Stemphylium from China Xiu-Guo Zhang, Yue-Ming Wu & Tian-Yu Zhang ill iv A new species of Memnoniella De-Wei Li, Chin S. Yang, R. Haugland & S. Vesper Type studies in Agaricaceae - Chlorophyllum rachodes and allies Else C. Vellinga - Two new species of the genus Pholiota from south India K. Natarajan & C. Ravindran Protousnea fibrillatae sp. nov. (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) from Argentina, southern South America S. Calvelo, E. Stocker-W6rtgétter, S. Liberatore, & J. A. Elix New taxa in the lichen genus Pertusaria (lichenized Ascomycotina) from Thailand Sureeporn Jariangprasert, Alan W. Archer, John A. Elix & Vilaiwan Anusarnsunthorn A new species and new records of Gymnopilus from India K. Agretious Thomas, Laura Guzman-Davalos, & P. Manimohan Microbotryum silybum sp. nov. (Microbotryales) Kalman Vanky & Dana Berner Yuea, a new genus in Xylariales Ove E. Eriksson New species of the genus Asterina from China II] Bin Song New species of Parmotrema and Relicina (Ascomycota, Parmeliaceae) from Thailand Kawinnart Noicharoen, Wetchasart Polyiam, Kansri Boonpragob, John A. Elix & Patricia A. Wolseley New and interesting inoperculate discomycetes from Korea Ain Raitviir & Hyeon-Dog Shin A new species of Memnoniella from India T. S. Keshava Prasad, L. G. Asha & D. J. Bhat Saprobic fungi on dead wild banana W. Photita, P. Lumyong, E. H. C. McKenzie, K. D. Hyde & S. Lumyong Notes on Hyphomycetes. XC. Fusicladosporium, a new genus for Cladosporium- like anamorphs of Venturia, and the pecan scab-inducing fungus E. Christopher Partridge & Gareth Morgan-Jones Notes on Hyphomycetes. XCI. Pseudoacrodictys, a novel genus for seven taxa formerly placed in Acrodictys William A. Baker & Gareth Morgan-Jones Studies on Lactarius: a new combination and two new species from Mexico Leticia Montoya & Victor M. Bandala Additions to our knowledge of the genus Geastrum (Phallales: Geastraceae in Brazil Iuri Goulart Baseia, Maria Auxiliadora Queiroz Cavalcanti ) & Adauto Ivo Milanez Hyalophytophthora elongata, a new marine species from Taiwan H. H. Ho, H. S. Chang & S. H. Huang A chercklist of mangrove-associated fungi, their geographical distribution and known host plants John Paul Schmit & Carol A. Shearer Book reviews and notices David L. Hawksworth Nomenclatural novelties proposed in Mycotaxon volume 85 Errata Instructions to Authors (updated January 2003) and Author’s Checklist Author index, volume eighty-five Index to fungous and lichen taxa, volume eighty-five Reviewers, Volume Eighty-Five Publication Date for Volume Eighty-Four so 8 Jie 27) 21d. 289 29) 307 a1 SM S25 331 341 345 357 a7 373 409 417 423 479 489 492 493 503 507 524 524 MYCOTAXON Volume LXXXV, pp. 1-65 January-March 2003 TAXONOMICAL STUDIES ON USTILAGINALES. XXIIT. KALMAN VANKY Herbarium Ustilaginales Vanky (HUV) Gabriel-Biel-Str. 5, D-72076 Tiibingen, Germany e-mail: VANKY.K@cityinfonetz.de Key words: smut fungi, Ustilaginomycetes, new species, new combinations, synonyms, excluded species, lectotypifications. ABSTRACT Fifteen NEW SPECIES of smut fungi are proposed: Entyloma frondosa, Macalpinomyces elionuri-tripsacoidis, M. ugandensis, Restiosporium dapsilanthi, Sporisorium absconditum,_ S. berndtii, S. compactum, S. cymbicum, S. divisum, S. eriochrysis, S. rhytachnes-rottboellioidis, S. sphacelatum, S. tothii, S. tristachyae-nodiglumis and S, zambianum. NEW NAME proposed: Sporisorium spegazzinii. NEW COMBINATIONS are: Macalpinomyces elymandrae, M. pretoriensis, Moreaua apicis, Sporisorium anadelphiae, S. argentinum, S. barberi, S. bengalense, S. cymbopogonis, S. densiflorum, S. lanigeri, S. mildbraedii, S. mutabile, S. nardi, S. panici- carthaginense, S. parodii, S. pennisetinum, S. spermoideum, S. urelytri, Tranzscheliella halophila, T. halophiloides, T. jacksonii, T. macrochloae, T. minima, T. sparti and T. ventanensis. EXCLUDED SPECIES are: Entyloma ameghinoi, E. nectrioide and Ustilago lycoperdospora. LECTOTYPES are designated for Entyloma chilense, Tilletia eremophila and Ustilago paraguayensis. Revision of different groups of smut fungi resulted in the establishment of twenty TAXONOMIC SYNONYMS. KEYS to eleven groups of smut fungi are compiled. 2 THE GENUS TRANZSCHELIELLA (USTILAGINACEAE) Lavrov (1936:29) proposed the genus 7ranzscheliella on the basis of two, small, supposed "cells" attached at opposite sides of the spores of 7. otophora. What Lavrov considered to be cells are actually the oppositely situated opercula (circularly broken parts of the thick exospore, standing off from the spore). This character alone is perhaps insufficient for recognising a separate genus. However, T. otophora, together with the closely related Ustilago hypodytes complex, differs markedly in several aspects from Ustilago hordei, the type of the genus Ustilago. Therefore, I am proposing to widen the circumscription of Tranzscheliella, including in it several related species. Tranzscheliella Lavrov, emend. Vanky Sori superficial, naked, surrounding the distal internodes or the aborted inflorescence branches of Gramineae, which are covered by powdery spore masses. Infection systemic. Spores solitary, pigmented (brown), operculate or not, small (usually less than 8 pm long). Spore germination results in phragmobasidia. Host-parasite interaction by intracellular hyphae lacking interaction apparatus. Mature septa are poreless. Currently, 7ranzscheliella has three species: T. comburens (F. Ludw.) Vanky & McKenzie, type on Danthonia sp., T. hypodytes (Schlitdl.) Vanky & McKenzie, type on Elymus arenarius L., and the type of the genus, 7. williamsii (Griffiths) Dingley & Versluys, type on Stipa richardsonii Link (for synonyms, description and illustration see Vanky, 2002b:162-163). There are further Ustilago species which are better to be placed into this genus. Tranzscheliella halophila (Speg.) Vanky, comb. nov. Basionym: Ustilago halophila Spegazzini, Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, Ser. 3, 1:58, 1902. — Type on Distichlis scoparia (Kunth) Arechav., Argentina, Santa Fé, near Rufino, XII.1900, C. Spegazzini, LPS 3198. Isotype HUV 13520! Ustilago stipae-barbatae Maire, 1917:139. — Cintractia stipae-barbatae (Maire) Maire, in Maire & Werner, 1937:44. — Lectotype (design. by Vanky, 1985:256) on Stipa barbata Desf., Morocco, Taourirt, 4.VI.1916, L. Ducellier, MPU, Herb. Maire 4226! Syntype on Stipa gigantea Link, Algeria, Miliana, near the top of Zaccar Rharbi, 12. V1I.1917, R. Maire, MPU, Herb. Maire 4810! (syn. by Vanky, 1988:372). For description and ill. see Vanky, 1994:359 & 404. On Gramineae: Distichlis scoparia (Kunth) Arechav., D. spicata (L.) Greene, (D. maritima Raf.), D. stricta (Torr.) Rydb., Stipa barbata Desf., S. gigantea Link (Macrochloa arenaria (Brot.) Kunth), S. pennata L.; Africa, Asia, N. & S. America. Tranzscheliella halophiloides (G.W. Fischer) Vanky, comb. nov. Basionym: Ustilago halophiloides G.W. Fischer, Res. Stud. State Coll. Wash. 20:9, 1952. — Type on Distichlis stricta (Torr.) Rydb., USA, Oregon, Albert Lake, 28.VII.1950, G.W. Fischer & R. Sprague. Isotypes in Fischer, Gramin. smuts N. Amer. no. 215, HUV 9945! 3 Sori surrounding the internodes, affecting all but the lowermost, first covered by a delicate, silvery membrane which flakes away disclosing the dark brown, powdery mass of spores. Spores globose, subglobose to ovoid, often depressed on one side, 4—6 um long, yellowish-brown; wall even, c. 0.5 wm thick, without polar thickenings, minutely verrucose, spore profile smooth to finely wavy. On Gramineae: Distichlis stricta (Torr.) Rydb.; N. America (USA). The isotype in HUV (no. 9945), besides 7. halophiloides, contains also plants with smooth spores, typical for 7. minima. Tranzscheliella jacksonii (Zundel & Dunlap) Vanky, comb. nov. Basionym: Ustilago jacksonii Zundel & Dunlap, in Zundel, North American Flora 7:982, 1939b. — Type on Stipa lettermanii Vasey, USA, Colorado, Tolland, 13. VII.1921, E. Bethel, BPI 162078, 162079. Sori surrounding the upper internodes and the aborted inflorescence axis, covered only by the enveloping leaf sheaths, dark brown, powdery. Spores variable in shape and size, globose, subglobose, ovoid, oblong, 8-12 x 8—13.5(—16) um, olivaceous-brown; wall evenly thick (0.8—1 um), finely, densely verrucose, warts often fusing into irregular groups, spore profile nearly smooth to finely wavy. On Gramineae: Stipa lettermanii Vasey; N. America (USA). Tranzscheliella macrochloae (Pat.) Vanky, comb. nov. Basionym: Ustilago macrochloae Patouillard, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 22:199, 1906. — Sphacelotheca macrochloae (Pat.) Maire, 1916:279. — Type on Stipa tenacissima L., Tunisia, El Haffey, 25.11.1891, N. Patouillard 112, FH. Isotypes PC, HUV 14996! For description see Vanky, 1994:365 & 415 (as Ustilago macrochloae). On Gramineae: Stipa tenacissima L. (Macrochloa tenacissima (L.) Kunth); N. Africa (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia). Tranzscheliella minima (Arthur) Vanky, comb. nov. Basionym: Ustilago minima Arthur, lowa Agr. Coll. Dept. Bot. Bull. 1884:172, 1884. — Type on Oryzopsis cuspidata Benth. ex Vasey (= O. hymenoides (Roem. & Schult.) Ricker), USA, Iowa, Ames. Sphacelotheca valesiaca Schellenberg, 1911:61. — Type on Stipa pennata L., Switzerland, Sitten, 1901, A. Volkart. Ustilago stipae Ciferri, 1931:52. — Lectotype (design. by Hirschhorn, 1947:75) on Stipa spartea Trin., USA, Iowa, Ames, 9.VII.1892, F.C. Stewart. Isolectotypes in Seymour & Earle, Econ. fgi., Ser. C., no. 70, HUV 9662! Sorosporium reverdattoanum Lavrov, 1934:86. — Type on Lasiagrostis splendens (Trin.) Kunth (= Achnatherum splendens (Trin.) Nevski), Kazakhstan, Semipalatinsk Prov., Buran, 7. VII.1928, N.N. Lavrov, LE. Isotype HUV 1210! For description and illustrations see Vanky, 1994:366 & 418 (as Ustilago minima). : On Gramineae: Achnatherum splendens (Trin.) Nevski (Stipa splendens Trin., 4 Lasiagrostis splendens (Trin.) Kunth), Oryzopsis hymenoides (Roem. & Schult.) Ricker (O. cuspidata Benth. ex Vasey), Sitanion hystrix (Nutt.) J.G. Smith, Stipa blackii C.E. Hubb., S. dasyphylla (Lindem.) Trautv., S. eminens Cav., S. joannis Celak., S. mollis R. Br., S. occidentalis Thurb., S. pennata L., S. pulcherrima C. Koch, S. spartea Trin., S. stuposa Hughes, S. verticillata Nees ex Spreng.; cosmopolitan. Tranzscheliella sparti (Massenot) Vanky, comb. nov. Basionym: Ustilago sparti Massenot, in Guyot, Malengon & Massenot, Rev. Pathol. Vég. Entomol. Agric. France 34:215, 1955. — Lectotype (design. by Vanky, 1994:376) on Lygeum spartum L., Tunisia, near Hadjeb-el-Aioun, 1.X.1953, L. Guyot, PC. Isolectotype HUV 15938! For description and illustrations see Vanky, 1994:376 & 434 (as Ustilago sparti). On Gramineae: Lygeum spartum L.; N. Africa (Algeria, Tunisia). Tranzscheliella ventanensis (Hirschh.) Vanky, stat. et comb. nov. Basionym: Ustilago jacksonii Zundel & Dunlap var. ventanensis Hirschhorn, Notas Mus. La Plata, Bot. 8:171, 1943. — Type on Stipa sp., Argentina, Prov. Buenos Aires, Sierra de la Ventana, La Pileta, 5.X1.1941, A.L. Cabrera 7343, Herb. E. Hirschhorn. Isotypes LPS 21560, HUV 15445! Sori surrounding the upper internodes and the aborted inflorescence, naked, dark brown, powdery. Spores globose to ellipsoidal, 5-7 x 5.5—8(—-9) um, yellowish-brown; wall even, 1-1.5 um thick, finely, densely verrucose, spore profile wavy, in SEM warts often confluent into irregular groups. On Gramineae: Stipa sp.; S. America (Argentina). Key to the Tranzscheliella species 1. Spores 8—13.5(—16) wm long................ RESTS GeO Ne ae T. jacksonii Spores: smaller! gies yes ORE IN LRP RINE pant My ane Pere 2 2 SPOres WithicoOnspicuoUs Operculartrni sede ees T. williamsii — Spores without conspicuous opercula but "polar caps" may be present............ 3 SU SPOTES VETTUCOSEN 2) Le. ee oh re Pre reer AR nee 4 — Spores smooth, punctate or punctate-verruculOse.............ecceesecereeseeeeteeeteeenees ) 4) Spores'4—6 tum longi yee a ne eee T. halophiloides mSPOres D15--O(-9) Lem LONG eR CRs ae ee een ean ree tee T. ventanensis 5; Peridtum around the sor presenti) Wii rere ee eee ete 6 iPReriditm absent an ay. eae rane etc te ey er RL SO nes 8 6. Spores 3.5—6 um long, polar caps absent .............0... cc ccececcceeeeeeseees T. minima ~ Spores 5.5-8 um long, polar caps may be present.....................00008 Pe 7 Te Sporessmooth Pare. area are cies ate eee T. halophila =" SPOTes DUNCAtEKVEITUCUIOSE. 1) crater fierttes te rciicdiy ete eomeee T. macrochloae S$: Spores'2:5-4:5(-5) um jong ae ee T. comburens ~YOPOTES AATLET: 52 Ht. LC cea ee ieren Manta Se cn se ee pee ee 9 9. Spores 3.5—7 um long, polar caps may be present. Sori on culms . 7. hypodytes — Spores 5.5—8 um long, polar caps absent. Sori in the inflorescence...... T. sparti THE ENTYLOMA SPECIES OF BIDENS (COMPOSITAE) Several Entyloma species have been published on Bidens. The oldest name is fk. guaraniticum Spegazzini (1884b), followed by /. bidentis Hennings. (1895) and &£. bidentis Spegazzini (1899). Saccardo and Sydow discovered the homonymy and renamed the fungus as /. spegazzinii Sacc. & P. Sydow (in Saccardo, 1902). Sawada (1922, n.v.), described an Entyloma on Bidens pilosa L. from Japan as E. bidentis Sawada (later homonym, not Hennings, 1895, not Spegazzini, 1899). Later, Sawada (1943:43) himself attributed the fungus to E. bidentis Henn., but Ling (1953b:344) considered it to be #. guaraniticum Speg. Ciferri (1928:38), published (invalidly, ICBN 34.1) the name of E. incertum Cif., "n. sp. ad interim", without’ any description (nom. nud.), on Bidens chrysanthemoides Michx. (= 8. laevis (L.) B.S.P.). North American authors often treated the Hntyloma species of Bidens (e.g. B. frondosa L., B. laevis (L.) B.S.P., B. tenuisecta Gray, B. vulgata Greene) under the collective name of /'. compositarum Farlow (comp. G.W. Fischer, 1953:85). The following four Entyloma, including a new species, could be recognised on Bidens: 1. Entyloma bidentis Hennings, in Engler, 1895:49. Type on Bidens pilosa L., Tanganyika Territory [= Tanzania], Mt. Kilimanjaro, Marangu, alt. 1500 m, V.1894, G. Volkens 2283, BR! Sori on the leaves forming first whitish, later yellow to brown, flat, rounded to angular spots, 1—5 mm in diameter or larger by confluence. Spores embedded in the leaf tissue, globose, subglobose, ellipsoidal to irregular, 9-14 x 10-16 um, subhyaline to pale yellowish-brown, content granular; wall even to -slightly uneven, !—1.5(—2.5) um thick, smooth. On Bidens bipinnata L., B. chilensis DC, (B. leucantha Willd.), B. pilosa L.; cosmopolitan in the tropics and subtropics. 2. Entyloma guaraniticum Spegazzini, 1884b:127. Type on “Araliaceae ?" (= Bidens pilosa L.), Paraguay, Guarapi, XII.1882, B. Balansa 3731, LPS 3361! Isotypes in Roumeg., Fgi. gall. exs. no. 4031, HUV 1030! Sori on the leaves, first as whitish, rounded spots, later yellowish or light brown, bullate, cup-shaped, hypertrophied areas, 1-5 mm in diam. With age, the host tissues in the central part of the sori become dark brown, necrotic and the sori may appear perforated. Spores embedded in the host tissue, subglobose, ellipsoidal to irregular, with one or two flattened sides, (8—)9—-13 x 9-16 um, subhyaline to pale yellow, content granular; wall uneven, 1-3(-4) um wide, smooth. On Bidens bipinnata L., B. pilosa L. and its var. radiata Schultz Bip.; N., C. & S. America, S. Africa, Australasia (Papua New Guinea). E. guaraniticum was often mistaken for the more common £. bidentis Henn. However, besides spore wall thickness, the sorus morphology serves as a good . 6 differentiating character: sori flat in E. bidentis, bullate, cup-shaped in EF. guaraniticum. ; | 3. Entyloma spegazzinii Saccardo & P. Sydow, in Saccardo, 1902:376. Entyloma bidentis Spegazzini, 1899:211 (later homonym, non Hennings, 1895). — Type on Bidens bipinnata L., Argentina, Cérdoba, XII. 1887, C. Spegazzini. Sori forming rounded, flat to slightly thickened leaf spots, 4 mm in diam. or larger by confluence, first pale, with indefinite margins, later brownish. Spores embedded in the leaf tissue, densely agglutinated, subglobose, ellipsoidal or irregular by mutual pressure, 9-16 x 12-20 wm, subhyaline, content homogenous; wall uneven, 2—5.5 um thick, smooth. On Bidens bipinnata L., B. pilosa L., B. subalternans DC.: S. America, C. & S. Africa. 4, Entyloma frondosa Vanky, sp. nov. Typus in matrice Bidens frondosa L., Zambia, Southern Province, 162 km NE urbe Livingstone, 16°56'40" S, 26°48'12" E, alt. cca. 1270 m.s.m., 14. 1V.2001, leg. C., T. & K. Vanky. Holotypus in Herbario Ustil. Vanky, HUV 19693, isotypi in Vanky, Ust. exs. no. 1142. Sori sicut maculae rotundae, depressae foliorum, diametro 1-4 mm, primo pallide virides, serius in medio brunneae, in latere abaxiali foliorum proper conidia albidae. Sporae in telis foliorum innatae, satis dense situatae et variae, globosae, ovoideae usque irregulares, cum latere uno doplanato, (8—)9,5—14(—16) x 11—18(—20) pm, subhyalinae usque pallide flavidobrunneae; pariete inaequali, 1-3(-4) um crasso, levi. Anamorpha praesens. Sori (Fig. 1) as rounded, flat, leaf spots, 1-4 mm in diameter, first pale green, later brown in the centre, whitish on the abaxial side of the leaves due to conidia. Spores (Fig. 5) embedded in the leaf tissue, rather crowded and variable, globose, ovoid to irregular, with a flattened side, (8-)9.5—14(—16) x 11—18(-20) um, subhyaline to pale yellowish-brown; wall uneven, 1—-3(-4) um thick, smooth. Anamorph present. On Bidens frondosa L., C. Africa (Zambia). Probably, the North American "Entyloma compositarum Farlow" on B. frondosa represents also this species. The main differentiating characters of the Entyloma species of Bidens are shown in a key. Key to the Entyloma species of Bidens Loon bullates CUp-SDaNed Sas ne oie ee neo te ie oy E. guaraniticum (SOLE a Ale eh 1s be neh an AERA oh teetee Ar cebu ota NY eoekn es g tae 2 2. Spores 12-20 um long, wall 2-5.5 pm thick...........cccccccccseceeceeeee E. spegazzinii --xopores smaller wall thinneta as tater tern tla ANC WS Uke oes oi 3 3. Spores 11—18(—20) um long, wall 1-3(-4) um thick... E. frondosa — Spores 10-16 um long, wall 1-1.5(—2.5) um thick ...00000.0. E. bidentis Fig. 1. Sori of Entyloma frondosa Vanky on a leaf of Bidens frondosa L. (type). Bar = 1 cm. 8 THE SMUT FUNGI OF PENNISETUM (GRAMINEAE) This is the third and last part of the smut fungi of the subtribe Cenchrinae (see Vanky, 1998:330-337, and 2002a:391-398). Pennisetum Rich., with c. 80 species throughout the tropics, is not sharply delimited from Cenchrus. On Pennisetum at least 26 smut fungi have been reported. Several of them are taxonomic synonyms (see below). In some cases the host plant is not a Pennisetum or the fungus is not a smut. For example, Tuburcinia penniseti J.N. Mishra (type on Pennisetum hordeoides (Lam.) Steud., India) is a rust fungus, Phakopsora apoda (Pat. & Har.) Mains (Vanky, 1999:159). The 13 recognised smut fungi of Pennisetum, including three new species, are: 1. Moesziomyces bullatus (J. Schroter) Vanky, 1977:133. Sorosporium bullatum J. Schréter, 1869:6. — Type on Panicum crus-galli L., Germany. | Tolyposporium senegalense Spegazzini, 1915:118. — Type on Penicillaria typhoidea (L. Rich.) Fig. & de Not. (= Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.), Senegal, Dakar, 8.XII.1913, C. Spegazzini, LPS 4553! For description, further synonyms and illustrations see Vanky, 1994: 163-166. On species of Echinochloa, Leersia, Panicum, Paspalum, as well as on Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. (P. americanum (L.) Schum., P. typhoideum L. Rich.), and P. purpureum Schum.; cosmopolitan. 2. Sporisorium cenchri (Lagerh.) Vanky, 1985:114. Ustilago cenchri Lagerh., in Patouillard & Lagerheim, 1895:62. — Type on Cenchrus sp., Ecuador, Riobamba, VIII.1891, G. Lagerheim, S! Sorosporium chardonianum Zundel, 1942:125. — Type on Pennisetum bambusiforme (Fourn.) Hemsley ex B.D. Jackson, Venezuela, near Merida, alt. 1600 m., 4. XII.1936, C.E. Chardon, Myc. Explor. Venezuela no. 1844 III, BPI 195142! (syn. here). Sorosporium texanum Zundel, 1944:409. — Type on Pennisetum nervosum (Nees) Trin., USA, Texas, Brownsville, Fort Brown, 23.XII.1942, Hansel 52794. Holotype BPI 180809!, isotypes BPI 180810, 195125. (syn. here). For description, further synonyms and illustrations see Vanky, 1994:200 & 211, and 2002a:392. On Cenchrus brownii Roem. & Schult., C. ciliaris L. (Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link; Pennisetum cenchroides Rich.), C. echinatus L., C. gracillimus Nash, C. incertus M.A. Curtis (C. carolinianus Walt.), C. myosuroides H.B.K., C. pauciflorus Benth., C. pilosus H.B.K. (C. tribuloides auctt. eur. non L.), ?Panicum species, Pennisetum bambusiforme (Fourn.) Hemsley ex B.D. Jackson, and P. nervosum (Nees) Trin.; cosmopolitan. Study of the types of Sorosporium chardonianum Zundel, and S. texcanum Zundel revealed that they are identical with Sporisorium cenchri. Fig. 2. Sori of Sporisorium dubiosum (Zundel) Vanky producing stunting and witches' brooms on Cenchrus ciliaris L. (Pennisetum cenchroides Rich.; Namibia, HUV 19680). Habit. To the left a healthy inflorescence. Enlarged, three spikelets with sori of different developmental stages. Bars = 1 cm for habit, 2 mm for the detail drawings. 3. Sporisorium divisum Vanky, sp. nov. Typus in matrice Pennisetum divisum (Forssk. ex Gmel.) Henr., W. Pakistan, Mankera prope Bhakkar, 21.X1.1976, leg. S. Ahmad. Holotypus in Herbario -Ustil. Vanky, HUV 9009! Sori in spiculis, cylindrici, 1,5—-3 x 4-12 mm, primo peridio pallide brunneo cooperti, quo iregulariter rupto massam semiagglutinatam usque pulveream glomerulorum sporarum et columellas 4-6, sat crassas, apicaliter tenuiescentes, saepe breviter ramificatas ostendentes. Spiculae omnes eiusdem spicae infectae. Glomeruli sporarum globoidei, ellipsoidales, elongati usque irregulares, 30-80 x 40-90 um, atro-rufobrunnei, e sporis multis, faciliter separabilibus compositi. Sporae subglobosae, ellipsoidales usque subpolyedrice irregulares, 8-10,5 x 9-12 um, flavidobrunneae; pariete aequaliter crasso (cca. 1 um), conspicue levi usque leniter, dense punctato. Sori (Fig. 10) in the spikelets, cylindrical, 1.5—3 x 4-12 mm, first covered by a pale brown peridium which ruptures irregularly disclosing the semiagglutinated to powdery mass of spore balls and 4—6, rather stout, apically narrowing, often shortly ramifying columellae. All spikelets in a spike are infected. Spore balls (Figs. 6, 7) globoid, ellipsoidal, elongated to irregular, 30-80 x 40—90 pm, dark reddish-brown, composed of numerous, easily separating spores. Spores (Figs. 6, 7) subglobose, ellipsoidal to subpolyhedrally irregular, 8-10.5 x 9-12 um, yellowish-brown; wall evenly thick (c. 1 pm), apparently smooth to finely, densely punctate. On Pennisetum divisum (Forssk. ex Gmel.) Henr. (P. dichotomum (Forssk.) Delile); S. Asia (W. Pakistan). Known from the type collection only. 4, Sporisorium dubiosum (Zundel) Vanky, 2002a:396. Cintractia dubiosa Zundel, 1931:299. — Type on Pennisetum sp. (= Cenchrus ciliaris L., teste K. Vanky), Kenya, Nairobi, 9.[X.1920, H.L. Shantz. Holotype in BPI 171508!, isotypes in BPI 171509 and 171510. For revised description see Vanky, 2002a:396. See also Fig. 2. On Cenchrus ciliaris L. (Pennisetum cenchroides Rich.); E. & S. Africa (Kenya, Namibia). 5. Sporisorium ehrenbergii (Kiihn) Vanky, 1990:270. Sorosporium ehrenbergii Kiihn, 1877:87. — Tolyposporium ehrenbergii (Kithn) Patouillard, 1903:254. — Type on Sorghum cernuum (Ard.) Host (= S. bicolor (L.) Moench), Egypt, Cairo. For description and illustrations see Vanky, 1994:201 & 213. On Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Recently, a morphologically identical fungus was collected on Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. (P. typhoideum L. Rich.) in Eritrea (HUV 19512, det. K. Vanky), which is under investigation; Africa, Asia. 1] 6. Sporisorium penniseti (Rabenh.) Ershad, 1994:18. Ustilago penniseti Rabenhorst, 1871:18. — Sphacelotheca penniseti (Rabenh.) Reichert, 1921:679. — Neotype (design. by Vanky, 2000:211) on Pennisetum orientale L. C. Richard, "Taurus Catasnicus, 1865", C. Haussknecht, JE! Ustilago pappiana Baccarini, 1906:272. — Sorosporium pappianum (Bacc.) L. Ling, 1953a:192. — Lectotype (design. by Ling, 1953a:192) on Pennisetum ruppellii Steud. (= P. setaceum (Forssk.) Chiov.), Eritrea-Amasen, Addi-Baré, along the river Mareb, 29.X.1902 (as "22.XI.1902"), A. Pappi, FT (RO 6168)! Syntype on Pennisetum orientale Rich. [var. altissimum Chiov.] (= P. setaceum), Eritrea, Ingal-Ceccaharat near Oculé-Cusai, alt. c. 1600 m, 22.11.1893 (as "22.1V.1893"), A. Pappi, FT (RO 4797)! (syn. here). Sorosporium catharticum Maire, 1931:359. — Sporisorium catharticum (Maire) Vanky, 1989:155. — Type on Cenchrus catharticus Delile (= C. biflorus Roxb.), Algeria, South Sahara, near Tilemsi, coll. T. Monod 467, MPU! (syn. by Vanky, 2000:211). Sphacelotheca panjabensis H. Sydow, in Sydow & Ahmad, 1939:442. — Ustilago panjabensis (H. Sydow) L. Ling, 1950:76. — Type on "Cenchrus biflorus Roxb.” (= C. setigerus Vahl, teste K. Vanky), India, Punjab, Sargodha, sine die, leg. S. Ahmad 33, HUV 17298! (syn. by Vanky, 2002a:397). Sorosporium penniseti Mundkur, 1939:116. — Type on Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link (= Cenchrus ciliaris L.), India, Delhi, 3.VIII.1938, M.A. Khan. Holotype HCIO 7749!, isotype IMI. (syn. by Vanky, 2000:211). Sphacelotheca_ stewartii Mundkur, 1944a:290. — Type on Pennisetum flaccidum Grieseb., Kashmir, Baltistan, on the way from Kasurmik to Doghani, alt. 9000 ft, 16. VIII.1940, R.R. Stewart 20793. Holotype HCIO 10017, isotype HUV 17309! (syn. here). Ustilago penniseti Rabenh. var. verruculosa Massenot, in Guyot, Malengon & Massenot, 1969:217. — Type on Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link, Morocco, near Atchana, Valley of Oued Guir, 12.VI.1932, G. Malencon 140. Holotype PC, isotype HUV 13658! (syn. by Vanky, 2000:211). Sori in the spikelets, cylindrical, 1-1.5 x 2-7 mm, hidden by the glumes, covered with a greyish-brown peridium which flakes away exposing the semi- agglutinated to granular-powdery mass of spore balls and a central columella with a few, short, apical branches. All spikelets in a spike are infected. Spore balls globose, ovoid to ellipsoidal, 40-110 wm long, dark reddish-brown, composed of many spores which separate rather easily. Spores dimorphic; those on the periphery of the balls globose to ellipsoidal, 9-13 x (9—)10—13.5(-14.5) um, medium reddish-brown, finely and densely echinulate, those in the centre subpolyhedral, smaller (7-10 ym), lighter coloured and finely punctate or apparently smooth. Sterile cells of the peridium variable in shape and size, often elongated, 4-16 ym long, arranged in parallel rows, hyaline, smooth. On Cenchrus biflorus Roxb. (C. catharticus Delile), C. ciliaris L. (Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link), C. prieurii (Kunth) Maire (Pennisetum prieurti Kunth; P. cenchroides Rich.), C. setigerus Vahl (C. biflorus auct. non Roxb.), Pennisetum flaccidum Griseb., P. macrourum Trin., P. natalense Stapf, 12 P. orientale Rich. (P. fasciculatum Trin.), P. setaceum (Forssk.) Chiov. (P. orientale Rich. var. altissimum Chiov.; P. ruppellii Steud.); S. Europe (Mediterranean area), Africa (incl. Madagascar), S. Asia. Study of the type of Ustilago pappiana Bacc., and that of Sphacelotheca stewartii Mundkur revealed that they are identical with, and synonyms of Sporisorium penniseti (Rabenh.) Ershad. In the original description of Ustilago penniseti (Rabenhorst, 1871:18), the spores are globose, smooth, 9-11 um in diam. Baccarini, 1906:272, describing U. pappiana, wrote that it differs from U. penniseti in having larger spores (12-15 um) and no columella. The spore measurements given for U. penniseti are too small (comp. the description above) and those of U. pappiana too large (comp also Ling, 1953a:192). A columella, typical for Sporisorium penniseti, is also present in the sori of U. pappiana. Small variations (+ 1 pm) in the spore measurements may occur in samples from different host plant species or from different geographical areas. 7. Sporisorium penniseti-japonici (Hennings) Vanky, in Vanky & Guo, 1986(1987):234. Ustilago penniseti-japonici Hennings, 1904:140. — Sphacelotheca penniseti- japonici (Henn.) S. Ito, 1935:91. — Type on Pennisetum japonicum Trin. ex Spreng. (= P. alopecuroides (L.) Spreng.; P. purpurascens (Thunb.) Makino), Japan, Tokyo, 25.[X.1900, Kusano 443. Isotype in HUV 15794! Ustilago penniseti Rabenh. var. tonkinensis Patouillard, 1890:57. — Type on Pennisetum sp. (= P. alopecuroides (L.) Spreng., teste K. Vanky), Indochina [= North Vietnam], Tonkin Region, Mts. of Elephants, 1.1886, B. Balansa, FH! (syn. here). Ustilago penniseti Saccardo, 1921:596. — Type on Pennisetum sp., China, Fukien, Foochow, VI.1918, Skvortzow 3962 (later homonym, not Rabenh., 1871:18; syn. by Ling, 1953b:344). Sori in the central part of the spikelets, infecting all spikelets in the inflorescence, ellipsoidal, 1.5—-2 x 5-7 mm, more or less hidden by the outermost floral envelopes and the bristles, first covered by a pale brown peridium which ruptures from its apex disclosing the first agglutinated later granular powdery mass of spore balls and spores surrounding several flagelliform columellae about the length of the sorus. Spore bails globoid, ellipsoidal, oblong, irregular, 40-80 x 50-100 um, reddish-brown, composed of tens of spores which separate easily by pressure. Spores subglobose, ovoid, ellipsoidal to subpolyhedrally irregular, 10.5—13.5(-14.5) x 12—15(-16) um, yellowish-brown; wall slightly uneven, 0.5—1 ym thick, densely verrucose-echinulate, spore profile undulate to finely serrulate. Sterile cells absent. On Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng. (P. purpurascens (Thunb.) Makino; P. japonicum Trin. ex Spreng.); E. Asia (Japan, N. Vietnam). Study of the type of Ustilago penniseti Rabenh. var. tonkinensis Pat. revealed that the host plant is Pennisetum alopecuroides, and its smut identical with Sporisorium penniseti-japonici. 13 8. Sporisorium pennisetinum (S. Ahmad) Vanky, comb. nov. Basionym: Sphacelotheca pennisetina S. Ahmad, Mycol. Pap. 64:7, 1956. — Type on Pennisetum flaccidum Grieseb., Pakistan, Swat State, Madian, 14. VII.1952, S. Ahmad 4596, IMI 57436! Sori destroying the whole inflorescence, first covered by a peridium which ruptures to expose the dark brown, powdery mass of spores intermixed with groups of sterile cells, and numerous filiform columellae. Spores when mature single, subglobose, ovoid, ellipsoidal to slightly subpolyhedrally irregular, 9-13 x 10-14.5(—-16) um, yellowish-brown; wall even, c. 0.5 pm thick, densely, finely verrucose-echinulate; spore profile finely serrulate. Sterile cells in irregular groups, collapsed in old specimen, single cells 7-14 um long, subhyaline to pale yellowish-brown. On Pennisetum flaccidum Grieseb.; S. Asia (Pakistan). Known only from the type collection. 9. Sporisorium sphacelatum Vanky, sp. nov. Typus in matrice Pennisetum sphacelatum (Nees) Dur. & Schinz., South Africa, East Cape Province, Mts. Drakensberg, inter oppid. Barkley East et Lady Grey, 30°43'08" S, 27°20'50" E, alt. cca. 960 m, 22.X11.1996, leg. C. & K. Vanky. Holotypus in Herbario Ustil. Vanky, HUV 19733, isotypi in Vanky, Ust. exs. no. 1145. Paratypus in matrice P. sphacelatum, Lesoto, Leribe Distr., Nkaobee Pass, cca. 15 km N Katse Dam Wall, 29°18'57" S, 28°32'10" E, alt. cca. 2400 m, 25.XI1.1996, leg. C. & K. Vanky, HUV 19734. Sori inflorescentiam totam destruentes, longe cylindrici, 1-3 x 40-150.mm, a vagina folii supremi protrudentes, primo peridio cinerascentibrunneo cooperti, quo longitudinaliter rupto massam atrobrunneam, pulveream glomerulorum sporarum et sporarum cum columellis nonnullis, longis, filiformibus immixtarum ostendentes. Glomeruli sporarum globosi, ellipsoidales, elongati usque irregulares, 30-80(—90) x 40—150(—190) um, atro-flavidobrunnei usque subopaci, e sporis pluries decem usque pluries centum facile secedentibus compositi. Sporae subglobosae, ellipsoidales, raro parum irregulares, 5—6,5 x 5,5—7,5 pm, flavidobrunneae, ad latus unum pallidiores; pariete inaequaliter crasso, 0,5-0,8 wm, ad dimidium pallidum tenuiore, subtiliter, dense punctato- verruculoso; imago obliqua sporarum levis. Cellulae steriles non observatae. Sori (Fig. 3) destroying the whole inflorescence, long cylindrical, 1-3 mm x 4-15 cm, protruding from the uppermost leaf sheath, at first covered by a greyish-brown peridium which ruptures longitudinally disclosing the dark brown, powdery mass of spore balls and spores intermixed with several, long, filiform columellae. Spore bails (Figs. 8, 9) globose, ellipsoidal, elongate to irregular, 30-80(—90) x 40-150(—190) pm, dark yellowish-brown to subopaque, composed of tens to hundreds of easily separating spores. Spores (Figs. 8, 9) subglobose, ellipsoidal, rarely slightly irregular, 56.5 x 5.5—7.5 um, yellowish-brown, paler on one side; wall unevenly thick, 0.5-0.8 ym, thinner on the pale half, finely, densely punctate-verruculose; spore profile smooth. Sterile cells not seen. 14 On Pennisetum sphacelatum (Nees) Dur. & Schinz.; S. Africa (Lesoto, South Africa). Known only from the type collections. 10. Sporisorium tothii Vanky, sp. nov. Typus in matrice Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br., Sierra Leone, Central Province, Njala, XII.1929, leg. C.F. Deighton. Holotypus in Herbario Ustil. Vanky, HUV 7114, isotypus in BPI 192487. Sori in ovariis nonnullis inflorescentiae eiusdem, obovoidei vel globoidei, pedicellati, 1,5-2,5 x 3-4,5 mm, cum apice brevi, acuto, peridio crasso, atrobrunneo cooperti, quo irregulariter rupto massam atrobrunneam, primo agelutinatam, deinde granulosopulveream glomerulorum sporarum columellam brevem, simplicem, complanatam circumdantem ostendentes. G/omeruli sporarum subglobosi, ellipsoidales, elongati, plerumque irregulares, 40-120 x 50—140(—190) um, atro-flavidobrunnei usque subopaci, e sporis pluries decem usque pluries centum, pressione separabilibus compositi. Sporae globosae, ovoideae, ellipsoidales usque parum trregulares, 7-9,5 x 8-11(-12) pm, flavidobrunneae; pariete aequali, cca. 0,5 pm crasso, levi. Cellulae steriles nullae. Sori (Fig. 4) in some ovaries of an inflorescence, obovoid or globoid, 1.5—2.5 x 3—4.5 mm, with a pedicel and a short acute tip, covered by a thick, dark brown peridium which ruptures irregularly disclosing the first agglutinated, later granular-powdery, dark brown mass of spore balls surrounding a short, simple, flattened columella. Spore bails (Figs. 15, 16) subglobose, ellipsoidal, elongate, usually irregular, 40-120 x 50—140(-190) wm, dark yellowish-brown to subopaque, composed of tens to hundreds of spores which separate by pressure. Spores (Figs. 15, 16) globose, ovoid, ellipsoidal to slightly irregular, 7-9.5 x 8—11(—12) pm, yellowish-brown; wall even, c. 0.5 um thick, smooth. Sterile cells absent. On Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. (P. typhoideum L. Rich), cultivated; W. Africa (Sierra Leone). Known only from the type collection. Etymology: This fungus is named in the honour of my friend of more than half a century, Dr. Sandor Toth (83; Géd6ll6, Hungary), an exceptional, helpful, modest human being, who despite losing his arm in the Second World War, became the best contemporaneous specialist of Hungarian microfungi. 11. Tilletia barclayana (Bref.) Sacc. & P. Sydow, in Saccardo, 1899:422, s. lat. Neovossia barclayana Brefeld, 1895:170. — Type on Pennisetum triflorum Nees, India, Himachal Pradesh, Simla, coll. A. Barclay. Tilletia pennisetina H. Sydow, 1929:421. — Type on Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng., China, Kiangsi Prov., Kuling, coll. F.L. Tai 2201. Tilletia ajrekari Mundkur, 1939:103. — Type on Pennisetum typhoides Stapf, Indta, Ahmedabad, in experimental plots, 2.1X.1933, S.L. Ajrekar, HCIO. Neovossia macrospora Petrak, 1947:114. — Type on Pennisetum japonicum Trinius ex Spreng. (= P. alopecuroides (L.) Spreng.), China, Chinkiang, X.1921, K. Kolthoff 33. Fig. 3. Sori of Sporisorium sphacelatum Vanky in the inflorescence of Pennisetum sphacelatum (Nees) Dur. & Schinz (type). Habit, and to the left a Bar = | cm. healthy inflorescence. Fig. 4. Sori of Sporisorium tothii Vanky in some ovaries of Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. (type). Habit, and enlarged two spikelets, each with a sorus and a healthy seed. Bars = 1 cm for habit, 3 mm for the detail drawing. 16 Sori in some ovaries of an inflorescence, swollen, obovoid or ellipsoidal, 3-6 mm long, partly hidden by the glumes, first covered by a thick, dark brown membrane (pericarp) which ruptures from its apex disclosing the black, pulverulent mass of spores intermixed with sterile cells. Spores globose, subglobose to broadly ellipsoidal, 14-36 um long (including ornamentation), reddish-brown to subopaque, provided with densely situated, truncate, 1.5-4 um long warts ("scales"). Sterile cells variable in number, shape and size, globose, ellipsoidal or irregular, 10-30 pm in diameter, pale yellowish-brown, wall 1.5—4 um thick, laminated or not, sometimes with a mycelial appendage. On Oryza sativa L., Panicum hians Ell., P. obtusum H.B.K., Paspalum distichum L., Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng., Pe. orientale Rich., Pe. triflorum Nees, Pe. typhoides Stapf; Asia, Indonesia, N. America. There are variations in the measurements and colour of the spores, in the height of spore ornamentation and number of sterile cells between different collections on the same or on different host plants. Tullis & Johnson (1952), demonstrated by artificial infections that this depends also on the infected host plant. Therefore, they concluded that Neovossia horrida, N. barclayana and Tilletia pennisetina represent the same species. This view was adopted also by Duran & Fischer (1961:35). 12. Ustilago bahuichivoensis Duran, 1970:1102. Type on Pennisetum pringlei Leeke, Mexico, Chihuahua, 1 mi. E. of Bahuichivo, 13.X.1969, J.F. Hennen. Holotype WSP 58559, isotype HUV 14508! Ustilago beckeropsidis Zambettakis, 1979(1980):406. — Type on Beckeropsis uniseta (Nees) Schum. (= Pennisetum unisetum (Nees) Benth.), Belgian Congo [= Democratic Rep. of Congo], 1913, H.J.R. Vanderyst. The holotype is probably lost, it is not in BR or in PC. Paratypes: Sierra Leone, 8.1.1951, T.S. Jones, IMI 45383!, and Sudan, 17.X.1952, J.K. Jackson, IMI 51127! (syn. here). Sori (Fig. 11) on the inner surface of the uppermost, hypertrophied, hispid leaf sheaths, fusiform, 1-3 cm wide, 3~8 cm long, partly hidden by healthy leaf sheaths, at maturity fissure longitudinally exposing the dark chocolate-brown, powdery mass of spores. Spores ovoid, ellipsoidal, elongate, rarely subglobose, 5—7(-8) x 6.5-10.5(-11) pm, yellowish-brown; wall even, c. 0.5 ym thick, finely, densely punctate, spore profile smooth, in SEM finely verrucose. On Pennisetum pringlei Leeke, and P. unisetum (Nees) Benth. (Beckeropsis uniseta (Nees) K. Schum.); N. America (Mexico), Africa (Congo, Sierra Leone, Sudan). Fig. 5. Spores of Entyloma frondosa Vanky on Bidens frondosa L., in LM (type). Figs. 6, 7. Spores of Sporisorium divisum Vanky on Pennisetum divisum (Forssk. ex Gmel.) Henr., in LM and in SEM (type). Figs. 8, 9. Spore balls and spores of Sporisorium sphacelatum Vanky on Pennisetum sphacelatum (Nees) Dur. & Schinz, in LM and in SEM (type). Bars = 10 pm. 17 18 Fig. 10. Sori of Sporisorium divisum Vanky, in the spikelets of Pennisetum divisum (Forssk. ex Gmel.) Henr. (type). Fig. 11. Sori of Ustilago bahuichivoensis Duran, on the inner surface of the uppermost, hypertrophied leaf sheath of Pennisetum pringlei Leeke (type). Fig. 12. Sori of Ustilago kamerunensis H. & P. Sydow, destroying all spikelets of an inflorescence of Pennisetum purpureum Schum. (Uganda, HUV 19977). Bars = 1 cm. 19 Study of the paratypes of Ustilago beckeropsidis Zambett. revealed that it is identical with and a synonym of U. bahuichivoensis Duran. 13. Ustilago kamerunensis H. & P. Sydow, 1911:262. Type on Pennisetum sp., Cameroon, Dyutitsa's, XII.1908, Ledermann. Sori (Fig. 12) destroying all the spikelets in the inflorescence, leaving intact only groups of long bristles and the inflorescence axis, 3-10 x 40-110 mm, first covered by a thin, greyish membrane which ruptures disclosing the blackish- brown, powdery mass of spores. Spores subglobose, ellipsoidal, often hemispherical with a more or less depressed side, in facial view 6.5—7 x 6.5—8 um, in lateral view 4—5 pm wide, yellowish-brown; wall c. 0.5 um, thinner on the flattened side, apparently smooth to extremely finely punctate. On Pennisetum purpureum Schum. (P. benthamii Steud.), P. sp.; C. & E. Africa (Cameroon, Congo, Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda). Not on Pennisetum Ustilago bonariensis Speg. (= Sporisorium panici-leucophaei (Bref.) M. Piepenbr.). Lectotype on Panicum spectabile Nees, Argentina. According to Zundel, 1953:54, Pennisetum tristachyum, one of the syntypes, seems to be a misdetermination. Ustilago scheffleri H. & P. Sydow, 1911:262. Type on "Pennisetum inclusum Pilger", "Massaihochland, Lamuru" [?= Kenya, Kiambu Distr., Limuru], alt. 3000 m, 30.VI.1909, G. Scheffler 293. Isotypes in BPI 166232, 194468, K, M, HUV 12741! The host plant is not a Pennisetum but a Panicum (teste K. Vanky; = P. coloratum L., det. H. Scholz, B). The fungus is a Sporisorium sp., maybe one of the about 20 Sporisorium species reported on Panicum. The sori destroy the whole inflorescence, are up to 3 cm long, first covered by a thin, greyish peridium which ruptures disclosing the dark brown, powdery mass of spores surrounding several, long, filiform columellae. Spores ellipsoidal, ovoid, more rarely globose or slightly irregular, (6.5—)7—9.5 x 8-12 um, yellowish-brown; wall even, 0.5—0.8 um thick, finely, densely punctate-verrucose, spore profile smooth to very finely wavy. In the original description, the spores. are given as reticulate. Zundel (1953:197) studied the type and wrote that the spores are "smooth but contents with a semi-reticulate, granular pattern (not reticulate as originally given)". Sporisorium pamparum (Speg.) Vanky, in Vanky & Guo, 1986(1987):234. Type on Setaria sp., Argentina. It was reported on Panicum, Pennisetum and Setaria species. Specimens on Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng. represent Sporisorium penniseti-japonici (Henn.) Vanky. Those on Pennisetum flaccidum Griseb. (e.g. in Vanky & Guo, 1986(1987):234) are very similar to, if not identical with S. penniseti (Rabenh.) Ershad, which has priority. Further studies are needed to elucidate possible conspecificity of S. pamparum with S. penniseti. 20 Key to the smut fungi of Pennisetum (M. = Moesziomyces, S. = Sporisorium, U. = Ustilago) Le SONMTESTHICICR 1O.INe, OVATICS ie terrae en eae ares rh nary gee ene ere eer ge 2 ‘Sori not restricted.tovthe ovartess.. 0) eaadedeees see. csc aes Meten osc csavessatioles . 2. Spores single, 14-36 wm in diameter ............00. eee Tilletia barclayana —» spores, forming spore balls; smalleri jvc. )eie ile sateen Be et Rete 3 3. Spores in the balls mixed with sterile cells. Columella absent......... M. bullatus — Spores in the balls not mixed with sterile cells. Columella present................... 4 4. Columella one, short. Spores all alike, 8—11(—12) um long, smooth.......§. tothii — Columellae several, filiform. Spores dimorphic, 9.5—15 um long, QULEIISNOTES VEITUCOSE Wier oie ee ada uy erat ean S. ehrenbergii 5(1). Sori on the inner surface of the uppermost leaf sheaths .. U. bahuichivoensis =) SOTLNOGSO.:F.. aut Ler La ne oe Ati ROD UR Nd: OR 6 6. Sori destroying the whole inflorescence 2.):.: Rate, fr... ae eeieeerereso-t tenes 7 oor restricted tO the Spikelets-au wea dein te ony Cate ec te tie conan crt eae 9 7. Spores 5.5—7.5 pam 1Ong..........ecc ce ceeeesccceeesseceeessssseecessstseesssseeee Oe Sphacelatum ah SPOTS: LAT RET: Uy etee aes OM aE 2S GY | ORT E| eR) | 8 8. Spores 8—12(—13) um long, slightly dimorphic ....................:eceee S. cenchri — Spores 10—14(—16) ym long, not dimorphic.................... S. pennisetinum 9(6).Columella and spore balls absent. Spores 6.5—8 um long.... U. kKamerunensis — Columella and spore balls present. Spores larger ...............ccccceeseeceerteeeeeees 10 10.Plants stunted, forming witches’ brooms. Spores 7—11 pm long ....S. dubiosum =/7Plants notsov spores laroery Minnie... cert. tees Een ere ts ee are 1] 11.Columella one, stout. Spores (9—)10—13.5(—14.5) um long............. S. penniseti “4. Columeliac several ii. isc censor ei cole Se cere te eR ee 12 IZ Spores 9-12 pi long Ne se eee ek cerca tae te eee Ba S. divisum = SPOres 12-16" LM TONE Nn are een ener tee) S. penniseti-japonici THE SMUT FUNGI OF CYMBOPOGON (GRAMINEAE) Cymbopogon Spreng., in the subfam. Panicoideae, tribe Andropogoneae, subtribe Andropogoninae, is a fairly homogeneous genus of c. 40 species in the Old World tropics and subtropics; some species are introduced to tropical America (Clayton & Renvoize, 1986:351). At least 29 smut fungi have been reported on it under different generic names (Sorosporium, Sphacelotheca, Sporisorium, Tolyposporium, Ustilago), which all belong to the genus Sporisorium. Several are considered to be synonyms. The 13 recognised species, including two new ones, are: 1. Sporisorium barberi (Mundkur) Vanky, comb. nov. Basionym: Ustilago barberi Mundkur, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 23:98, 1939. — Sorosporium barberi (Mundkur) L. Ling, 1951a:44. — Farysia_barberi (Mundkur) Zundel, 1953:40. — Type on Cymbopogon coioratus (Nees) Stapf, India, Madras, Tinnevelly Distr., Palamcotta, 11.V.1901, C.A. Barber 2677, HCIO 7398. Isotypes in BPI 170200, IMI, HUV 17331! 21 Sorosporium cornutum M.S. Pavgi & Thirum., in Thirumalachar & Pavgi, 1956:282. — Type on Cymbopogon confertiflorus (Steud.) Watson, India, Wynaad, Panora, 17.XI.1909, W. McRae, HCIO. Isotype IMI 44440! (syn. here). Sori destroying the innermost floral organs transforming them into tough, horn-shaped bodies, 1-2 x 5-25 mm, first covered by a thick, brown, smooth peridium which later splits longitudinally disclosing the semiagglutinated to powdery, dark brown mass of easily disintegrating spore balls and spores surrounding several (3—7) tapering columellae. The fungus usually produces proliferation of the infected spikelets and the sori are agglomerated like witches’ brooms. Spores globose, subglobose, ovoid or subpolyhedrally slightly irregular, more or less variable in size, 7-12 x 8-13 pm, yellowish- to reddish-brown; wall evenly or unevenly thick, 0.5—-1.5 um, provided with sparsely situated, rounded, coarse warts, in SEM appearing as tubercles. On Cymbopogon coloratus (Nees) Stapf, C. flexuosus (Nees ex Steud.) Watson, C. nardus (L.) Rendle var. confertiflorus (Steud.) Stapf ex Bor (C. confertiflorus (Steud.) Stapf); S. Asia (India). There are rather big variations in the size of the spores between different collections, and in some collections even within the same sorus. E.g., the spore diameter of the globoid spores in the type of Sporisorium barberi varies between 6.5 and 12 um. The spores of the HUV 8903 specimen (on Cymbopogon coloratus, India, Kerala, at Lake Periyar, 5.I].1980, K. Vanky) are more uniform, the globoid spores measuring 10-13 pum. In the type of Sorosporium cornutum, the spores are also uniform but smaller, measuring (7—)8—9.5(—10.5) x 8-11 pm. However, the typical sori and the even more typical spores, provided with sparsely situated tubercles, present in all these collections, make the identification easy. Despite the differences in spore measurements, I consider Sorosporium cornutum to be a synonym of Sporisorium barberi. 2. Sporisorium bengalense (H. & P. Sydow & Butler) Vanky, comb. nov. Basionym: Ustilago bengalensis H. & P. Sydow & Butler, Ann. Mycol. 10:250, 1912. — Sphacelotheca bengalensis (H. & P. Sydow & Butler) Mundkur, 1939:108. — Type on Cymbopogon pendulus (Nees ex Steud.) Watson, India, Bengal, Duars, Banarhat, 8.[X.1908, I.H. Burkill, HCIO 1432. Isotypes in BPI 157972, 177259, 195064, HUV 17271! Sori in the ovaries, probably also comprising other, inner floral organs, cylindrical, 0.5—1 x 3-10 mm, first covered by a brown peridium which ruptures irregularly disclosing the brown, powdery mass of spores and sterile cells surrounding a central, tapering columella. Spores when mature single, globose, subglobose to ellipsoidal, 10.5-13.5 x 11-15 wm, yellowish-brown; wall even, c. 0.5 um thick, finely, densely punctate, spore profile smooth to finely serrulate, in SEM finely, densely echinulate. Sterile cells small, single, globose to subglobose, 5—8 ym in diameter, hyaline; wall 0.5—1 um thick, smooth. On Cymbopogon pendulus (Nees ex Steud.) Watson; S. Asia (India). 22 Fig. 13. Sori of Sporisorium compactum Vanky, as long, narrow, horn-shaped bodies in the flowers of Cymbopogon giganteus Chiov. (type). Habit and enlarged two sori. Bars = 1 cm for habit, and 2 mm for the detail drawing. Fig. 14. Sori of Sporisorium cymbicum Vanky in the ovaries of Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Renle (type). To the left a healthy inflorescence. Bar = 1 cm. a 3. Sporisorium compactum Vanky, sp. nov. Typus in matrice Cymbopogon giganteus Chiov., Senegal, Bakel, 14°54' N, 12°26' W, 3.1.1964, leg. G. Adam 19647, HUV 19818! Sori ipsis speciei Sporisorium barberi similiter organa floralia intima in corporibus longis, corniformibus, agglomeratis, 0,5—1 x 5—15 mm transformantes, involucris floralibus proliferantibus partim occulti et peridio cinereobrunneo cooperti, quo longitudinaliter rupto massam nigram, semi-agglutinatam usque granuloso pulveream glomerulorum sporarum columellamque 1(—2) longam, filiformem ostendentes. Glomeruli sporarum globosi, ovoidei, ellipsoidales usque subpolyedrice irregulares, 40-80 x 50-120 um, atrobrunnei usque opaci, e sporis multis, firmiter agglutinatis compositi. Sporae globosae, ellipsoidales usque parum irregulares, 9,5-13 x 12-15 «wm; sporae externae atro-olivaceobrunneae; pariete 1—1,5 um crasso, in superficie libera dense echinulato, imago obliqua sporae serrulata; sporae internae colore pallidiores; pariete tenui (cca. 0,5 um), conspicue levi. Sori (Fig. 13), similar to those of Sporisorium barberi, transforming the innermost floral organs into long, horn-shaped, agglomerated bodies, 0.5—-1 x 5—15 mm, partly hidden by proliferating floral envelopes and covered by a greyish-brown peridium which ruptures longitudinally disclosing the black, semiagglutinated to granular-powdery mass of spore balls and 1(—2) long, filiform columellae. Spore balls (Figs. 17, 18) globose, ovoid, ellipsoidal to subpolyhedrally irregular, 40-80 x 50-120 um, dark brown to opaque, composed of many, firmly agglutinated spores. Spores (Figs. 17, 18) globose, ellipsoidal to slightly irregular, 9.5—13 x 12-15 um; outer spores dark olivaceous brown; wall 1-1.5 wm thick, densely echinulate on the free surface, spore profile serrulate; inner spores lighter coloured, thin-walled (c. 0.5 um), apparently smooth. On Cymbopogon giganteus Chiov.; W. Africa (Senegal). The compact spore balls of firmly united spores, which break rather than separate under pressure, differentiate this species from all other smuts of Cymbopogon. 4. Sporisorium cymbicum Vanky, sp. nov. Typus in matrice Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle (det. S. Kativu), Zimbabwe, Manicaland Prov., Nyanga National Park, Mtarazi Waterfalls, 18°29'07" S, 32°47'36" E, alt. cca. 1700 m.s.m., 22.11.1999, leg. C. & K. Vanky, HUV 19808! Isotypi in BPI 841911, et in Vanky, Ust. exs. no. 1150. Paratypus in matrice Cymbopogon validus (Stapf) Stapf ex Burtt Davy, South Africa, Northern Prov., prope Duiwelskloof, Ebeneser Dam, road no. 528, 23°56'33" S, 29°57'12" E, alt. cca. 1490 m.s.m., 23.1.1997, leg. C. & K. Vanky, HUV 19816. Isoparatypi in BPI 841712, et in Vanky, Ust. exs. no. 1151. Paratypus in matrice Cymbopogon plurinodis (Stapf) Stapf ex Burtt Davy, South Africa, Western Cape Prov., 55 km E Knysna, Tsitsikamma National Park, 33°57'42" S, 23°32'00" E, alt. cca. 250 m.s.m., 19.XII.1996, leg. C. & K. Vanky, HUV 198871. Isoparatypi in Vanky, Ust. exs. no. 1156. Paratypus in matrice Cymbopogon nardus (det. M. Namaganda), Uganda, Iganga Distr., 50 km NNE Iganga, 00°48'35" N, 24 fs 33°48'31" E, alt. cca. 1155 m.s.m., 1.]11.2002, leg. M. Namaganda, C. & K. Vanky, HUV 19979! Isoparatypi in MHU, Kampala. Sori in ovariis omnibus eiusdem inflorescentiae, ellipsoidales, 0,7-1 x 2—4 mm, indumentis floralibus plus-minus obtecti, primo peridio pallide brunneo cooperti, quo ab apice rupto massam sporarum atrobrunneam, pulveream, columellam centralem, flagelliformem, soros excedentem circumdantem demonstrantes. Sporae in maturitate singulares, globosae, subglobosae, ellipsoidales, raro parum irregulares, (9—)9,5—13 x (9,5—)10,5—13,5 um, flavido- brunneae; pariete aequali, cca. 1 um crasso, leniter, dense verrucoso-echinulato; imago obliqua sporae undulata usque leniter serrulata. Cellulae steriles paucae, in catervis irregularibus, cellulae singulares earum subglobosae, ellipsoidales usque irregulares, 11-17 um longae, hyalinae vel subhyalinae; pariete cca. 1 um crasso, levi. Sori (Fig. 14) in the ovaries infecting all spikelets in an inflorescence, ellipsoidal, 0.7—-1 x 2-4 mm, more or less hidden by the floral envelopes, first covered by a pale brown peridium which ruptures from its apex disclosing the dark brown, powdery mass of spores surrounding a flagelliform central columella exceeding the sor. Spores (Figs. 19, 20) when mature single, globose, subglobose, ellipsoidal, rarely slightly irregular, (9-)9.5-13 x (9.5—)10.5—13.5 um, yellowish-brown; wall even, c. | tm thick, finely, densely verrucose- echinulate; spore profile wavy to finely serrulate. Sterile cells (Figs. 19, 20) few, in irregular groups, single cells subglobose, ellipsoidal to irregular, 11-17 um long, hyaline or subhyaline; wall c. 1 um thick, smooth. On Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle, C. plurinodis (Stapf) Stapf ex. Burtt Davy, C. validus (Stapf) Stapf ex Burtt Davy (C. afronardus Stapf); Africa (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe). According to Gibbs Russel et al., 1991:95, C. validus probably represents C. nardus. Variations of + 1 um in the spore measurements of different collections may occur. The spores of the paratype from Uganda are somewhat smaller (9.5-13 um long) and paler. Sporisorium cymbicum is closest to S. panamense from which it differs especially by the smaller spores. 5. Sporisorium cymbopogonis (Mundkur) Vanky, comb. nov. Basionym: 7olyposporium cymbopogonis Mundkur, Indian J. Agric. Sci. 14:51, 1944. — Sorosporium cymbopogonis (Mundkur) Thirumalachar & Neergaard, Figs. 15, 16. Spore balls and spores of Sporisorium tothii Vanky on Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br., in LM and in SEM (type). Figs. 17, 18. Spore balls and spores of Sporisorium compactum Vanky on Cymbopogon giganteus Chiov., in LM and in SEM (type). Figs. 19, 20. Spores of Sporisorium cymbicum Vanky on Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle, in LM and in SEM (type). Bars = 10 um. 26 1977(1978):183. — Type on Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf, India, Mysore, Bangalore, 20.X11.1941, M.J. Thirumalachar, HCIO. Isotype in BPI 192617! Tolyposporium christensenii Raghunath, 1968:120 (as "Ragunath"). — Type on Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees ex Steud.) Watson, India, Kerala, near Aruvikkara, 1.1965, T. Raghunath, AMH 264. Isotypes in HCIO 31248, HUV 5379!, 17274, 17275, IMI 137316. Sori destroying the racemes, long cylindrical, 0.5—2 x 20-40 mm, more or less hidden by leaf sheaths and spathae, covered by a pale yellowish-brown peridium which dehisces from its apex disclosing the black, granular-powdery mass of spore balls and 1—2(—3), long, filiform columellae. Usually all racemes of an inflorescence are infected, denoting a systemic infection. Infected inflorescence more or less congested. Raghunath (1970) also observed local infection with formation of witches’ brooms. Spore bails persistent, variable in shape and size, subglobose, ellipsoidal, elongated or irregular, 30-85 x 40-100 pm, dark reddish- brown, composed of tens of spores which separate by pressure. Spores dimorphic, outer spores subglobose, ovoid, ellipsoidal to usually subpolyhedrally slightly irregular, from 6.5-9 x 7-11 ym to 8.5—-13 x 9-13 um, reddish-brown; wall uneven, 1-2 ym thick, free surface moderately densely verrucose-echinulate, contact sides punctate or apparently smooth, spore profile of the free surface serrulate; inner spores rounded, subpolyhedrally slightly irregular, about the size of the outer spores, pale yellowish-brown; wall even, c. 0.5 ym thick, apparently smooth. Sterile cells absent. On Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf, C. coloratus Stapf, C. flexuosus (Nees ex Steud.) Watson; S. Asia (India), Indonesia (Bali). I am considering S. cymbopogonis in a broad sense, with rather big variations in the spore measurements. These in the type of S. cymbopogonis are 6.5—-9 x 7-11 pm, in 7. christensenii 8.5-13 x 9-13 um, and in a specimen on C. flexuosus collected in Bali (HUV 19910) 7—10.5 x 8-11 jm. Other characters are identical in all collections I have seen. 6. Sporisorium cymbopogonis-distantis (L. Ling) L. Guo, 1998:1. Sorosporium cymbopogonis-distantis L. Ling, 1953b:341. — Type on Cymbopogon distans (Nees ex Steud.) Watson, China, Szechwan Prov., vicinity of Chengtu, XI.1947, K.R. Lin, BPI 195143! Sori in the ovaries (0.5—1 x 1-2 mm) or in the whole raceme (10—17 mm long), concealed by the spathae, first covered by a brown, thick pernidium which ruptures disclosing the semiagglutinated to granular-powdery mass of spore balls surrounding several filiform columellae. Spore balls globose, ovoid, ellipsoidal to irregular, 40-90 x 60-120 pm, dark reddish-brown to opaque, composed of numerous spores which separate by pressure. Spores subglobose, ellipsoidal to subpolyhedrally irregular, 10.5—13.5 x 12—17(-19) um, yellowish- to reddish- brown; wall even to slightly uneven, c. 1 wm thick, outer spores apparently smooth to finely punctate-verruculose, inner spores smooth to finely punctate. On Cymbopogon distans (Nees ex Steud.) Watson; E. Asia (China). 27 7. Sporisorium densiflorum (L. Ling) Vanky, comb. nov. Basionym: Sorosporium densiflorum L. Ling, Lloydia 16:188, 1953a. — Type on Cymbopogon densiflorus (Steud.) Stapf, Belgian Congo [= Democratic Rep. of Congo], Leverville, 6.XII.1918, H. Vanderyst, BR 1329. Isotype in BPI 179970! Sori comprising the racemes, narrow-cylindrical, 0.5-1 x 15-20 mm, completely hidden by leaf sheaths and spathae, first covered by a thin peridium which ruptures from its apex disclosing the dark brown, semiagglutinated to powdery mass of spore balls, spores and 2-7 long, filiform columellae. Spore balls subglobose, ovoid, oblong or irregular, 40-100 x 50-140 um, dark reddish- brown to opaque, composed of numerous, easily separating spores. Spores subglobose, ovoid, ellipsoidal, mostly subpolyhedrally irregular, 9-13 x 9.5—-14(-15) um, reddish-brown; wall unevenly thick, 0.5—2 um, finely, rather densely punctate-verruculose, spore profile smooth. Sterile cells not seen. On Cymbopogon densiflorus (Steud.) Stapf, and C. dieterlenii Stapf ex Phill.; C. & S. Africa (Congo, South Africa). 8. Sporisorium lanigeri (Magnus) Vanky, comb. nov. Basionym: Ustilago lanigeri Magnus, Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 49:88, 1899, — Sphacelotheca lanigeri (Magnus) Maire, in Zundel, 1930:141. — Type on Andropogon laniger Desf. (= Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng.), Iran, Kerman, Mt. Kuh-tagh-Ali, alt. 2200 m, 20.VI.1892, J. Bornmiiller 4436, S. Isotypes in BPI 194475! and HBG. Ustilago furcata Patouillard & Hariot, 1900:236. — Sphacelotheca furcata (Pat. & Har.) Pat. & Har., in Hariot & Patouillard, 1909:197. — Type on Cymbopogon sp., French Sudan, Reg. Tombuctou, Sompi, VIII.1899, M.A. Chevalier, FH. (syn. by Ling, 1951a:42). Ustilago schoenanthi H. & P. Sydow & Butler, 1906:425. — Sphacelotheca schoenanthi (H. & P. Sydow & Butler) Zundel, 1930:136. — Type on Andropogon schoenanthus L. (= Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng.), India, Madras, Tinnevelli, Alancolam, 1.VII.1901, C.A. Barber, HCIO 449. Isotypes in BPI 166233, 188944, 193952, HUV 1994, 17304! (syn. here). Sphacelotheca moggii Zundel, 1930:130. — Type on Andropogon plurinodis Stapf (= Cymbopogon plurinodis (Stapf) Stapf ex Burtt Davy), South Africa, British Bechuanaland, Armoedsvlakte, 28.VIII.1924, A.O.D. Mogg, PREM 19859. Isotypes in BPI 178080, 195089, HUV 18171! (syn. here). Sphacelotheca concentrica Zundel, 1930:138. — Type on Cymbopogon plurinodis (Stapf) Stapf ex Burtt Davy, South Africa, Transvaal, Pretoria, Kaalplaats, 1.XI.1917, A.O.D. Mogg, PREM 10708. Isotypes in BPI 195116, HUV 18020! (syn. by Ling, 1951a:43, confirmed). Sorosporium pretoriense Zundel (as "pretoriaense"), 1930:146. — Type on Andropogon dichrous Steud. (= Cymbopogon plurinodis; comp. Zundel, 1953:70), South Africa, Transvaal, Pretoria, between Ashbury and Irene, 14.11.1917, LB. Pole-Evans, PREM 10045. Isotypes in BPI 180139, HCIO 10143, HUV 15413! (syn. here). 28 Sphacelotheca natalensis Zundel, 1930:139. — Type on Andropogon sp. (= Cymbopogon excavatus (Hochst.) Stapf ex Burtt Davy; comp. Doidge, 1950:382), South Africa, Natal, Mooi River, 4.[X.1917, A.O.D. Mogg, PREM 11705. Isotypes in BPI 190145, 195074, 195090, HUV 18173! (syn. here). Sphacelotheca columellifera "(Tul.) Yen", 1937:76 (not (L.-R. & C. Tul.) Ciferri, 1928:32). — Sphacelotheca yenii Zundel, 1939a:584. — Type on Andropogon laniger Desf. (= Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng.), Morocco, near Skourat, 13.V1I.1934, G.J.L. Malengon, PC. Isotypes in HMAS, HUV 12075! (syn. by Ling, 1951a:43, confirmed). | Sphacelotheca cymbopogonis W.Y. Yen, 1938:7. — Type on Cymbopogon proximus Stapf, Chad, Quadai, between Bittine and Abéché, 10.X.1935, M. Murat 34, LAM. (syn. by Ling, 1951a:43). Sphacelotheca consueta H. Sydow, in Sydow & Ahmad, 1939:442. — Type on Cymbopogon parkeri Stapf, Pakistan, Panjab, Shahkot Hills, 15.XII.1935, S. Ahmad 60, HCIO 10101. Isotypes in BPI 195065, S, HUV 16374, topotype in BPI 1110460. (syn. by Ling, 1951a:43, confirmed). Sorosporium ladharense H. Sydow, in Sydow & Ahmad, 1939:443. — Type on Cymbopogon jwarancusa (Jones) Schult., India, Punjab, Ladhar, Sheikhupura, 10.1V.1937, S. Ahmad 60a, HCIO 10104. Isotypes in BPI 195124, HUV 15618! (syn. here). Sphacelotheca cymbopogonis-colorati Mundkur & Thirum., in Thirumalachar & Mundkur, 1951:3. — Sporisorium cymbopogonis-colorati (Mundkur & Thirum.) Kakishima & Ono, 1993:189. — Type on Cymbopogon coloratus (Nees) Stapf, India, Mysore, Hassan, Bellur, 28.X1I.1942, M.J. Thirumalachar, HCIO 10698. Isotypes in HUV 17280!, IMI 4954. (syn. here). Sphacelotheca mutila Mundkur & Thirum., in Thirumalachar & Mundkur, 1951:4. — Type on Cymbopogon caesius (Nees) Stapf, India, Mysore, Bangalore, 18.VIII.1944, M.J. Thirumalachar, HCIO 10774: isotype in HUV 17292! (syn. here). Sori destroying the racemes, more or less hidden by the enveloping spathae, cylindrical, tapering at the apex, 1-2 x 5-16 mm, first covered by a pale brown, thick peridium which ruptures irregularly disclosing the dark brown, semiagglutinated to powdery mass of spore balls, spores and sterile cells surrounding a stout, tapering, rarely flagelliform, sometimes bifurcate, central columella. Spore balls globose, ellipsoidal to irregular, 30-120 x 40-140 um, dark reddish-brown to opaque, composed of numerous spores which separate by pressure. Spores globose, subglobose, ellipsoidal to slightly irregular, often slightly compressed, 5.5-8 x 6~9 um, yellowish- to reddish-brown; wall evenly thick, 0.5-1 um, apparently smooth to finely, moderately densely verruculose- echinulate; spore profile smooth to finely wavy. Sterile cells in irregular groups, single cells subglobose, ellipsoidal to irregular, 7-20 um long, hyaline to pale yellowish-brown tinted; wall 1—1.5 um thick, smooth. On Cymbopogon ambiguus A. Camus, C. bombycinus (R. Br.) Domin, C. caesius (Nees) Stapf, C. coloratus (Nees) Stapf, C. commutatus (Steud.) Stapf, C. distans (Nees ex Steud.) Watson, C. elegans Spreng., C. excavatus (Hochst.) 29 Stapf ex Burtt Davy, C. flexuosus (Nees ex Steud.) Watson, C. jwarancusa (Jones) Schult., C. marginatus (Steud.) Stapf ex Burtt Davy, C. nardus (L.) Rendle, and its var. confertiflorus (Steud.) Stapf ex Bor (C. confertiflorus (Steud.) Stapf), C. obtectus $.T. Blake, C. parkeri Stapf, C. plurinodis (Stapf) Stapf ex Burtt Davy, C. procerus (R. Br.) Domin (C. exaltatus (R. Br.) Domin), C. proximus Stapf, C. refractus (R. Br.) A. Camus, C. schoenanthus (L.) Spreng. (Andropogon schoenanthus L., Andropogon laniger Desf.), C. validus (Stapf) Stapf ex Burtt Davy; Africa (Chad, Morocco, South Africa, Sudan, Zimbabwe), Asia (India, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan), Australia. | Study of the types of Ustilago lanigeri Magnus, Ustilago schoenanthi H. & P. Sydow & Butler, Sphacelotheca moggii Zundel, Sorosporium pretoriense Zundel, Sphacelotheca natalensis Zundel, Sorosporium ladharense H. Sydow, Sphacelotheca cymbopogonis-colorati Mundkur & Thirum. and Sphacelotheca mutila Mundkur & Thirum. revealed only insignificant differences in the colour, size and ornamentation of the spores, hence they are considered to be synonyms. 9. Sporisorium mildbraedii (H. & P. Sydow) Vanky, comb. nov. Basionym: Ustilago mildbraedii H. & P. Sydow, in Mildbraed, Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Zentral-Afrika-Expedition 1907-1908, Bd. 2, p. 95, 1914. — Sphacelotheca mildbraedii (H. & P. Sydow) Zundel, 1930:135. — Type on Andropogon schoenanthus L. (= Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng.), Deutsch Ost Africa [= Rwanda], Mpororo, at Kakitumbe Creek, 23.VII.1907, G.W.J. Mildbraed 357, S. Isotypes in BPI 163317!, 194453! Sphacelotheca cymbopogonis-afronardi L. Ling, nom. herb. — On Cymbopogon afronardus Stapf (= C. nardus (L.) Redle), Uganda, Kawanda, VII.1940, leg. C.G. Hansford 2754, BPI 177450, 177451, Herb. Mycol. Dep. Agric. Uganda 2754, HUV 1958, 6066, IMI 10956. Sori destroying the racemes, concealed by the spathae, 1-2 x 10-15 mm, peridium lacking. Spore mass brown, powdery, surrounding a well-developed central columella with short lateral branches. Spore balls subglobose, ellipsoidal, irregular, 40-80 x 40-120 pm, dark reddish-brown to subopaque, composed of numerous, easily separating spores. Spores globose, subglobose, ovoid to ellipsoidal, 56.5 x 5.5-7 pm, yellowish-brown; wall even, c. 0.5 wm thick, finely, moderately densely punctate to verrucose-echinulate; spore profile smooth, wavy to sparsely serrulate. Sterile cells in irregular groups, single cells globose, ellipsoidal to irregular, 7-12 ym long, subhyaline to pale yellowish- brown, wall c. 0.5 um thick, smooth. On Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng. (Andropogon schoenanthus L.), C. nardus (L.) Redle (C. afronardus Stapf); E. Africa (Tanzania, Uganda). Sporisorium mildbraedii differs from S. lanigeri especially in the lack of a peridium and in the smaller, more conspicuously ornamented spores. 10. Sporisorium mutabile (H. Sydow) Vanky, comb. nov. Basionym: Sphacelotheca mutabilis H. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 35:24, 1937. — Sorosporium mutabile (H. Sydow) L. Ling, 1951b:107. — Type on Cymbopogon 30 refractus (R. Br.) A. Camus, Australia, New South Wales, Pennant Hills, V1.1931, L.R. Fraser 118. Isotypes in BPI 195071, HUV 18115!, IMI 37633. Sorosporium cantonense Zundel, 1939a:584 (as "Cantonensis"). — _ Sporisorium cantonense (Zundel) L. Guo, 1998:1. — Type on Cymbopogon hamatulus (Nees) A. Camus (as "hematatus"), China, 80 miles north of Canton, on North River, Yinktak (Guangdong, Guangzhou), 9.1X.1921, A.S. Hitchcock 18822, BPI 179478! (syn. here). Sorosporium terrareginalense Zundel, 1944:409. — Type on Cymbopogon refractus (R. Br.) A. Camus, Australia, Queensland, Brisbane, Highway near Mt. Coot-tha, 9.111943, M.S. Clemens, BPI 180159! (syn. by Ling, 1951b:107). Sori destroying the racemes, long cylindrical, 0.5—1 x 5-13 mm, partly hidden by leaf sheaths and spathae, first covered by a brown peridium which ruptures from its apex disclosing the dark brown, semiagglutinated to granular powdery mass of spore balls and 1-3 long, filiform columellae. Spore balls globose, ellipsoidal, irregular, 40-80 x 40-120 wm, dark reddish-brown to subopaque, composed of numerous, easily separating spores. Spores subpolyhedrally irregular to elongated, 10-15 x 13—18(—20) um, yellowish-brown; wall unevenly thick, 0.5—1.5(—2) um, evidently, rather densely verrucose, especially on the free surface, inner spores punctate-verruculose; spore profile smooth to wavy or finely serrulate. On Cymbopogon bombycinus (R. Br.) Domin, C. coloratus (Nees) Stapf, C. densiflorus (Steud.) Stapf, C. distans (Nees ex Steud.) Watson, C. hamatulus (Nees) A. Camus, C. nardus (L.) Rendle, C. refractus (R. Br.) A. Camus; Africa (Malawi, Zimbabwe), Asia (China, India, Pakistan), Australia. Comparison of the types revealed that Sporisorium cantonense is identical with and a synonym of Sporisorium mutabile. 11. Sporisorium nardi (H. & P. Sydow) Vanky, comb. nov. Basionym: Ustilago nardi H. & P. Sydow, in H. & P. Sydow & Butler, Ann. Mycol. 4:425, 1906. — Sphacelotheca nardi (H. & P. Sydow) Zundel, 1930:137. — Sorosporium nardi (H. & P. Sydow) L. Ling, 1951a:47. — Type on Andropogon nardus L. (= Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle), India, Malabar, Wyanaad Hills, Vayitri, 2.X1.1904, E.J. Butler, HCIO 470. Isotypes in BPI 163727-173730,, HUYV 1977, 17293,:S: Sori in the racemes, filiform, c. 0.5 x 5-10 mm, completely hidden by the spathae, covered by a brown peridium which ruptures disclosing the dark brown, semiagglutinated to granular-powdery mass of spore balls and 1—2 long, filiform columellae usually protruding beyond the sori. Spore balls globose, ellipsoidal to irregular, 30-70 x 30-120 um, dark reddish-brown to subopaque, composed of many, easily separating spores. Spores subglobose, ellipsoidal to slightly irregular, 5.5—8 x 6-9.5 um, yellowish-brown; wall even, c. 0.5 um, apparently smooth to finely punctate-verruculose, spore profile smooth, in SEM finely, moderately densely verruculose. On Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle (Andropogon nardus L.); S. Asia (India). 3] 12, Sporisorium panamense (Zundel & Dunlap) M. Piepenbr., in BPI (2001). Sphacelotheca panamensis Zundel & Dunlap, in Zundel, 1939b:995. — Type on Cymbopogon sp. (= C. citratus (DC.) Stapf), Panama, Cherique Prov., near El Bogrete, [X.-X.1911, A.S. Hitchcock, BPI 190260! Sori in the ovaries, c. 0.5-1 x 3-4 mm, hidden by the floral envelopes, first covered by a thin, brown peridium which ruptures disclosing the dark brown, semiagglutinated to powdery mass of spores, sterile cells and a narrowing central columella. Spores when mature single, subglobose to ellipsoidal, 12-15 x 13—17.5 um, yellowish-brown; wall even, c. 1 um thick, finely, densely punctate- verruculose, spore profile smooth, wavy to finely serrulate. Sterile cells in iregular groups, single cells ellipsoidal to irregular, 12-16 um long, hyaline; wall c. 1 um thick, smooth. On Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf); C. America (Panama). 13. Sporisorium spermoideum (Berk. & Broome) Vanky, comb. nov. Basionym: Ustilago spermoidea Berkeley & Broome, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14:94, 1875. — Sphacelotheca spermoidea (Berk. & Broome) Mundkur, 1939:96. — Sorosporium spermoideum (Berk. & Broome) L. Ling, 1951a:48. — Sorosporium spermoideum (Berk. & Broome) Zundel, 1953:74 (superfl. comb., not Ling, 1951a). — Type on Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Watson (as "martii"), Ceylon [= Sri Lanka], Dolosbagey, V.1868, Thwaites 589, BM. Isotype in BPI 166549! Sori destroying the racemes, long cylindrical, 0.5—1 x 5-15 mm, hidden by leaf sheaths and spathae, first covered by a pale brown peridium which ruptures irregularly disclosing the blackish-brown, semiagglutinated to granular powdery mass of spore balls and 1-5 long, filiform columellae. Spore balls ovoid, oblong, usually irregular, 50-140 x 60-210 um, opaque, composed of many spores which separate by pressure. Spores subglobose, ellipsoidal to subpolyhedrally slightly irregular, (7—)8—10.5 x 9-11(—12.5) um, yellowish-brown, paler on one side; wall unevenly thick, thinner on the pale side, 0.5—1 um, apparently smooth to finely, densely punctate-verruculose, spore profile smooth. On Cymbopogon confertiflorus (Steud.) Stapf, C. martinii (Roxb.) Watson, C. nardus (L.) Rendle, ?Capillipedium venustum (Thw.) Bor (Andropogon venustus Thw.); S. Asia (Sri Lanka). Zundel, 1930:142, described Sphacelotheca zilligii Zundel, on Andropogon sp., South Africa, Cape Province, Vryburg, 25.III.1921, A.O.D. Mogg, PREM 20666. Isotypes in BPI 192099, 195088, HUV 18128! Doidge, 1950:384, and also Zundel, 1953:115, considered the host plant to be a Cymbopogon sp. Unfortunately, no healthy host plant is preserved. Judged from the sori, I doubt that the host is a Cymbopogon. Recently, Bag and Agarwal (2001:221) published a new species, Sporisorium martinii Bag & Agarwal (as "martinae"), type on Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Watson, India, West Bengal, Coochbehar, III.1996, D.K. Agarwal, HCIO 42945. Unfortunately, study of the type specimen was not possible. The incomplete D2 description of this species, reproduced below, does not permit its comparison with other smut fungi of Cymbopogon, or its inclusion into the following key. "Sori produced in the ovaries, only in parts of spikelets between the spreading - glumes which occasionally exceed in length, enclosed by peridium that soon ruptures and dehisces releasing dark brown to black dusty spore mass. Spores loosely adhere to one another forming loose balls. Sterile cells globose to subglobose, hyaline, similar or mostly larger than spores, 5.1—-11.1 um. Spores light orange yellow (Ridgeway Plate III, d-3), globose to subglobose, spherical, 5.1-7.7 um (Avg. 6.6 pm) in size. SEM showed echinulate sporewall."” , Key to the smut fungi of Cymbopogon (S. = Sporisorium) 1. Sori horn-shaped, forming witches' brooms in the inflorescence...................... 2 = DOTETIOUSO feet tet eerie tice ae eee Ae eR ee ne Eee, Ir een eee 3 2. Spore balls easily disintegrating. Spores tuberculate ......................... S. barberi — Spore balls compact, permanent. Outer spores echinulate...........8. compactum 3. Spores (12-913-17(-20) (im long wie aes ee et eleratieecteec creates 4 MS POTES SIMAMOTE eric Satirist es COU eee TT ee or Ee Tree ete 6 4. Columella one, simple. Sterile cells present. ...........0.....eeeeees S. panamense — Columella 1—several, filiform. Sterile cells absent ..........00000ccecccceecce cece eeeeeeeeeeee 5 5. Spore wall c. 1 um thick. Outer spores apparently smooth to finely punctate-verruculose...............0:cccceeseeeeeees 5S. cymbopogonis-distanti — Spore wall 0.5—1.5(—2) wm thick. Outer spores verrucose............... S. mutabile OS) Spores between 10S1S im long nee ee ree Net res 4 —inpores smaller ee ra een ee een VOD od, Rep eet Nar fe, Pee Wee 9 Je Stenlercells small 5S en ee ets ee eit tree S. bengalense =" Sterile cellsi' lly lim Oriabsent mite es et eee Leroy Peer yn eae eee ae 8 8. Sori in the ovaries, ellipsoidal, 2-4 mm long. Columelia 1, fiageilitomi sterilecells presefity. . fe eee S. cymbicum — Sori in the racemes, 15-20 mm long. Columellae 2-7, filiform: Sterile cells absent vee ee S. densiflorum 9(6). Spores 9—11(—12.5) pm long, lighter on one side................. S. spermoideum -- spores smaller not lighter on One SIde®..0c. eee eer me ereeseeereteterrst rarer tes 10 10. Columella one, stout, rarely flagelliform. Sterile cells present...................... 11 — Columella 1-several, filiform. Sterile cells absent .....................cccceccceceeceeeeees 12 11. Columella with short branches. Peridium absent. Sterile cells 7-12 pm long. Spores 5.5—7 pam long ..............eecccsseeseceensesecenees S. mildbraedii — Columella simple or bifurcate. Peridium present. Sterile cells | 10-20 wm long. Spores 6-9 pm long ....0.... eee ececeeesceneeeeseeesneees S. lanigeri 12(10). Spores 7-13 pm long, free surface verrucose-echinulate..§. cymbopogonis — Spores 6—9.5 pm long, free surface finely punctate-verruculose ........... S. nardi B3 ABOUT SOME OF SPEGAZZINI'S SMUT FUNGI Marie L. Farr (1973) enumerated Spegazzini's fungal taxa and, based on publications by different authors, also all taxonomic and nomenclatural changes since their publication. Study of many of Spegazzini's original specimens, preserved in LPS (La Plata, Argentina), and in other herbaria, resulted in some additional changes. New name Sporisorium spegazzinii Vanky, nom. nov. Replacing Sorosporium argentinum Spegazzini, Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 12:65, 1881 (not Sporisorium argentinum (Hirschh.) Vanky, opus praesens). — Ustilago argentina (Speg.) Spegazzini, 1925:151. — Type on "“Tricholaena insularis" (= misnamed Panicum urvilleanum Kunth; comp. Spegazzini, 1925:151), Argentina, Prov. Rioja, near Vinchina, leg. G. Hieronymus. Ustilago negeriana Dietel, 1898:(147). — Type on Panicum urvilleanum Kunth, Chile, Prov. Concepcion, near Yumbel, coll. F. Neger, BPI 179441. (syn. by Spegazzini, 1925:151). Sori in the flowers, infecting all in a panicle, inconspicuous, destroying the inner floral organs, protected by the outermost floral envelopes, 1.5-2 x 2—2.5 mm, first covered by a yellowish-brown peridium which ruptures at maturity from its distal part disclosing the semiagglutinated to powdery, dark brown mass of spore balls and spores surrounding three, short, simple or distally bifurcate columellae. Spore balls subglobose, ellipsoidal to slightly irregular, 35-90 x 45-130 um, dark reddish-brown, composed of tens to hundreds of easily separating spores. Spores subpolyhedrally irregular, more rarely subglobose or ellipsoidal, yellowish-brown, 8—10.5 x 9-12(—13) pm; wall in LM c. 0.5 um thick, in some places thinner (which is difficult to see), surface smooth to very finely and inconspicuously punctate; in SEM the spores have several (6-87), often mamillate depressions, surface very finely, densely verruculose. Sterile cells not seen. On Gramineae: Panicum urvilleanum Kunth; S. America (Argentina, Chile). Synonyms Ustilago cordobensis is U. syntherismae Spegazzini (1881:64) described Ustilago cordobensis Speg. — Sphacelotheca cordobensis (Speg.) H.S. Jackson, 1930:298. — Sphacelotheca cordobensis (Speg.) Ciferri, 1931:16 (comb. superfl.). — Sporisorium cordobense (Speg.) Vanky, 2000:208. — Type on “Panicum jaboncillum" Hieron., nom. nud. (= Panicum leucophaeum H.B.K., = Trichachne insularis (L.) Nees, = Digitaria insularis (L.) Fedde; comp. Spegazzini, 1909:288), Argentina, near Cordoba, coll. G.H.E.W. Hieronymus. (syn. here). Ustilago cacheutensis Spegazzini, 1909:293. — Type on Panicum leucophaeum H.B.K. (= Digitaria insularis (L.) Fedde), Argentina, near Mendoza, Cacheuta, I.1909, C. Spegazzini. (syn. by Spegazzini, 1925:153). 34 Study of several Argentinean collections of Ustilago cordobensis on Digitaria californica (HUV 19192), D. insularis (LPS 3010), "Panicum penicilligerum" (LPS 3011), "Trichachne rigida" (LPS 12361) could not reveal any essential _ difference between Ustilago cordobensis and the earlier published Caeoma (Uredo) syntherismae Schweinitz, 1834:290 (= Ustilago syntherismae (Schwein.) Peck, 1875:103, type on Syntherisma sp. (= Digitaria sp.), USA), hence they are considered synonyms. The sori of Ustilago cordobensis and Sporisorium panici-leucophaei are similar, destroying the whole inflorescence. They are surrounded by a thin peridium which flakes away disclosing the dark brown spore masses and several filiform columellae. Probably this is the reason for the confusion between these two smuts. Zundel, 1953:86 & 104, based on spore measurements, demonstrated that S. cordobense and S. panici-leucophaei are two different species. Ustilago syntherismae is one of the intermediate species between Ustilago and Sporisorium having some characters of both of these genera. Molecular data may be helpful for a more correct generic placement. Entyloma phalaridis is Jamesdicksonia dactylidis s. \at. Spegazzini described Entyloma phalaridis Spegazzimi, 1912:21 (n. v.), type on Phalaris intermedia Bosc ex Poir., La Plata, X.1919, C. Spegazzini, LPS 3362!, Later, Spegazzini, 1925:155, considered it to be Ustilago striiformis (West.) Niessl. This could not be confirmed by study of the type specimen, which contain spores of /. dactylidis (Pass.) Cif., s. lat. (= Jamesdicksonia dactylidis (Pass.) R. Bauer, Begerow, Nagler & Oberw.), type on Dactylis glomerata L. Ustilago abortifera is Sporisorium reilianum Ustilago abortifera Spegazzini, 1899:208, type on Zea mays L., Argentina, Salta, VIL1881, LPS 3195! is Sporisorium reilianum (Kihn) Langdon & Full., as shown by Ciferri, 1938:403 (as Sphacelotheca holci-sorghi (Riv.) Cif.), and by Hirschhorn, 1941:350, and others (as Sorosporium or Sphacelotheca reiliana); comp. Farr, 1973:1582. (synonymy confirmed). Ustilago sorghicola is Sporisorium sorghi Ustilago sorghicola Spegazzini, 1902:58, type on Sorghum vulgare Pers. (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), Argentina, La Plata, IIl.1902, C. Spegazzini, LPS 3047! is Sporisorium sorghi Ehrenberg ex Link., as demonstrated by Ling, 1953b:333 (as Sphacelotheca sorghi (Link) Clinton). (synonymy confirmed). Excluded species Entyloma nectrioides is a Plasmodiophoromycota Spegazzini, 1891:171, described Entyloma nectrioides Speg. (as "nectrioide"), type "Ad folia Leguminosae? arboreae cujusdam in montanis inter Peribebuy et Mbatobi, Jun. 1883 (sub n. 3783)", Paraguay, Mt. Cordillera de Peribebuy, between Peribebuy and Mbatoby, V1.1883, B. Balansa 3783. Isotypes in Balansa, Pl. du Paraguay 1878-1884, no. 3783, PC, HUV 15939! 35 According to the original description, the fungus produces amphigenous, rounded, somewhat swollen, reddish-brown leaf spots, a few mm in diameter. Spores globose, ovoid or ellipsoidal, densely packed, often subangular or sinuous due to mutual pressure, large (50 x 50-80 um in diameter); wall very thick (10 pum), hyaline, multilayered, with densely situated, concentric striae; endoplasm coarsely, densely granular-guttulate, orange-yellow. Study of this fungus was possible through the kindness of the late Professor Ch. Zambettakis (Paris) who gave me a small fragment of the isotype, preserved in PC as "B. Balansa, Pl. du Paraguay 1878-1884. No. 3783. Entyloma nectrioide Speg. (n. sp.). Paraguay, Cordillére de Péribebuy, au-dessus de Mbatoby, VI.1883". Spores of 50-80 um diameter, with hyaline, smooth, 4-10 um_ thick, multilayered wall, which collapses when the "spores" are emptied, certainly do not belong to a smut fungus. It turned out also that the content of these "spores" is composed of tightly packed, ovoid or ellipsoidal, small, hyaline cells measuring c. 1 x 1.5 um. These are probably developing zoospores of a Plasmodiophoromycota, and the giant "spores" the sporangia. Entyloma ameghinoi is a Physoderma sp. Spegazzini, 1902:57, published Entyloma ameghinoi Speg., type on Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh, Argentina, Patagonia, in the marshes of Chonkenk-aik, along Rio Chico, autumn 1899, C. Ameghino, LPS 3355! Sori on the leaves and petioles as minute, pale, not or barely swollen spots. Spores globose or ellipsoidal, 15—27 x 16-34 um, pale yellowish-brown; wall c. 1 um thick, smooth. Study of the type specimen revealed large spores, typical for a Physoderma sp., not for an Entyloma. Ciferri, 1963:338, considered E. ameghinoi to be a synonym of "Tuburcinia ranunculi-gouani (DC.) Liro", a name which was never published by Liro. Ustilago dubiosa is insect work Spegazzini, 1881:64, described Ustilago dubiosa Speg. — Type on Conyza graminifolia Spreng. (= Aster divaricatus Nutt.), Argentina "in herbosis campestribus secus el Rio de la Plata, Recoleta”, VI.1881, C. Spegazzini, LPS 3208!. Spegazzini, 1881:65, remarked: "Species valde dubia, corolla bulloso- inflatam, . . . . ; cavum internum a larva dipteri speciei cujusdem semper habitatum!". No spores of a smut fungus could be detected in the scanty type specimen, only insect galls. It is certainly not a smut fungus. For its description see Spegazzini (I.c.) and Zundel, 1953:157, who considered it a doubtful smut. Ustilago lycoperdospora is a Ustilaginoidea Spegazzini, 1884a:88, described Ustilago lycoperdospora Speg. from immature panicles of Vilfa sp., with the remarks "Species perquam dubiosa". Zundel, 1953, does not mention it. Study of the type (LPS 16382, also under the name of Ustilago peridermiospora Speg.) showed that it is a Ustilaginoidea. 36 Lectotypes proposed Spegazzini, 1925:147, described Entyloma chilense Speg. — Type on Conyza chilensis Spreng., La Plata and Buenos Aires, 1919-1923. No type was indicated by Spegazzini. I am designating as a lectotype the specimen of Buenos Aires, 1X.1919)-LPS'3359! For its description see Spegazzini (op. cit.), and Zundel, 1953:242. Spegazzini, 1909:291, described Tilletia eremophila Speg. — Type "Ad spiculas Sporoboli asperifolii vulgatissima circa Mendoza, Aest. 1902-1908", without indicating a type. In LPS there are two collections: LPS 3675 "Tipo", which is extremely scanty, and LPS 3676 "Co-tipo", a rich collection. As lectotype, I am designating the specimen from Argentina, Mendoza, 5.XII.1902, C. Spegazzini, LPS 3676! Duran & Fischer, 1961:30, demonstrated that 7. eremophila is a synonym of T. asperifolia Ellis & Everhart, type on Sporobolus asperifolius Nees & Mey. (= Muhlenbergia asperifolia (Nees & Mey.) Parodi), USA. (syn. confirmed). Spegazzini, 1884a:88, published Ustilago paraguayensis Speg. — Type "ad paniculas foemineas Graminaceae monoicae elatioris (an bambusaceae?)", Paraguay, Cordillera de Peribebuy, 2.1V.1883, B. Balansa 3776. In LPS there are two envelopes of this collection: LPS 3704 and LPS 3705. Of these, | am proposing as lectotype the richer one, that of LPS 3704, which is also associated with measurements and drawings of the spores, made by Spegazzini. THE SMUT FUNGI OF SCHIZACHYRIUM (GRAMINEAE) Schizachyrium Nees, with c. 60 species throughout the tropics, belongs to the subfam. Panicoideae, tribe Andropogoneae, subtribe Anropogoninae (Clayton & Renvoize, 1986:352). On Schizachyrium two smut fungi are known. Three additional species are described below. 1. Sporisorium absconditum Vanky, sp. nov. Typus in matrice Schizachyrium fragile (R. Br.) A. Camus, Australia, Queensland, 56 km SW oppid. Mount Garnet, Forty Mile Scrub National Park, 18°03'21" S, 144°51'58" E, alt. cca. 770 m.s.m., 6.1V.1998, leg. C. & K. Vanky. Holotypus in BRIP, isotypi in Herbario Ustil. Vanky, HUV 19960, et in Vanky, Ust. exs. no. 1167. Paratypus in matrice Schizachyrium sanguineum (Retz.) Alston, Venezuela, Estado Aragua, cca. 23 km N urbe La Victoria, 10°26' N, 67°19' W, alt. cca. 2020 m.s.m., 14.XII.1993, leg. R. Berndt, C. & K. Vanky, HUV 19966, isoparatypus in BPI. Sori racemos destruentes, anguste cylindrici, 0,5—-1 x 15-30 mm, spatheolo tubuliformi paene complete obtecti, apice tantum protrudentes, peridio tenui, pallide brunneo cooperti, quo a parte distali rupto massam nigram, granuloso- pulveream glomerulorum sporarum columellamque longam, filiformem Bi ostendentes. Saepe surculi omnes eiusdem plantae infecti, sed non raro planta infecta cum surculo unico in flore, vel surculis nonnullis florentibus proveniens. Glomeruli sporarum persistentes, subglobosi, ovoidei, ellipsoidales usque irregulares, 50-80 x 50-100 pm, atro-rubrobrunnei, opaci, e sporis aliquoties decem, pressu valido tantum separabilibus compositi. Sporae dimorphae, externae earum subgloboae, ellipsoidales usque subpolyedrice irregulares, 8-12 x 10,5—-13,5 ym, atro-flavidobrunneae; pariete inaequali, alternatim tenue vel incrassato, 0,5-2 pm, areas atriores et pallidiores sporarum provocantes; superficies libera sporarum externarum dense verrucosa; imago obliqua sporarum extemarum in superficie libera serrulata, in lateribus contactis levis; sporae internae subpolyedrice irregulares, sporis externis magnitudine circiter aequales, subhyalinae usque pallide flavidobrunneae; pariete tenui, usque cca. 0,5 pm, levi. Cellulae steriles absentes. Sori (Fig. 21) destroying the racemes, narrow-cylindrical, 0.5-1 x 15-30 mm, almost completely hidden by the tubuliform spatheole, with only their tip protruding, covered by a thin, pale brown peridium which ruptures from its distal part, disclosing the black, granular powdery mass of spore balls and a long, filiform columella. Often all shoots of a plant are infected, but not rarely, an infected plant may have one or several flowering shoots. Spore balls (Figs. 23, 24) persistent, subglobose, ovoid, ellipsoidal or irregular, 50-80 x 50-100 um, dark reddish-brown, opaque, composed of tens of spores which separate only by hard pressure. Spores (Figs. 23, 24) dimorphic, outer spores subglobose, ellipsoidal to subpolyhedrally irregular, 8-12 x 10.5—13.5 ym, dark yellowish- brown; wall uneven, alternatively thin and thick, 0.5-2 um, causing darker and lighter areas on the spores; free surface of the outer spores coarsely verrucose; spore profile serrulate on the free surface, smooth on the contact sides; inner spores subpolyhedrally irregular, about the size of the outer spores, subhyaline to pale yellowish-brown; wall thin, up to c. 0.5 ym, smooth. Sterile cells absent. On Schizachyrium fragile (R. Br.) A. Camus, S. sanguineum (Retz.) Alston; S. America (Venezuela), Australasia (Australia). Etymology: from the Latin absconditus, -a, -um = hidden, concealed, referring to the hidden position of the sori. 2. Sporisorium berndtii Vanky, sp. nov. Typus in matrice Schizachyrium sanguineum (Retz.) Alston (det. H. Scholz, B), Sumatra, Samosir Island, Toba Lake, Pangururan Hot Springs, 20. VIII.1997, leg. V. Faust-Berndt & R. Berndt. Holotypus in Herbario Ustil. Vanky, HUV 19957, isotypus in BPI. Sori in ovariis et organis internis floralibus spiculorum nonnullorum sessilium inflorescentiae eiusdem, cylindrici, arcuati vel torti, cca. 1 x 5-20 mm, inter glumis protrudens, primum peridio pallide cinerescenti cooperti, quo in medio soris longitudinaliter fisso massam atrobrunneam, pulveream glomerulorum sporarum, sporarum et columellarum (1—)2—4(—-5), filiformium ostendentes. Glomeruli sporarum \axi, forma et magnitudine varii, ellipsoidales, elongati vel 38 bY \ Vy FP ! | / \ ; / Nin | is \ | \) /\\ | Gen W MALY 22 Hf hiked | \ Fig. 21. Sori of Sporisorium absconditum Vanky in the racemes of Schizachyrium fragile (R. Br.) A. Camus (type), almost SSS *, NV) yy Me, completely hidden by the spatheolae. Me Some shoots escaped infection and are ° flowering. Habit. Bar = 1 cm. oy — Fig. 22. Sori of Sporisorium berndtii Vanky in some flowers of Schiza- chyrium sanguineum (Retz.) A. Camus (type). Habit. Bar = 1 cm. 39 irregulares, 35-90 x 50-130 ym, atro-rubrobrunnei, e sporis pluribus decem vel pluribus centum, valde leviter separabilibus compositi. Sporae globosae, ovoideae, ellipsoidales usque subpolyedrice parum irregulares, 8-10,5 x 9-12 um, pallide usque atro-flavidobrunneae; pariete aequali usque inaequaliter crasso, 0,5—1(—1,5) um, ad sporas externas crassiore et simul parum obscuriore, surficie leniter, dense punctato-verrucoso; imago obliqua sporarum levis, usque leniter undulata. Cellulae steriles nullae. Sori (Fig. 22) in ovaries and inner floral organs of some sessile spikelets of an inflorescence, cylindrical, bent or twisted, c. 1 x 5-20 mm, protruding between the glumes, first covered by a pale greyish peridium which splits longitudinally in the middle of the sorus disclosing the dark brown, powdery mass of spore balls, spores, and (1—)2—4(—5), filiform columellae. Spore balls (Figs. 25, 26) loose, variable in shape and size, ellipsoidal, elongated or irregular, 35-90 x 50—130 um, dark reddish-brown, composed of tens or hundreds of spores which separate very easily. Spores (Figs. 25, 26) globose, ovoid, ellipsoidal to subpolyhedrally slightly irregular, 8—-10.5 x 9-12 um, pale to dark yellowish- brown; wall evenly to unevenly thick, 0.5—1(—1.5) um, thicker on the outer spores which are also somewhat darker, surface finely, densely punctate- verrucose; spore profile smooth to finely wavy. Sterile cells absent. On Schizachyrium sanguineum (Retz.) Alston, Indonesia (Sumatra). Etymology: This fungus is named in honour of Dr. Reinhard Berndt (Tibingen, Germany), excellent rust fungus specialist and friend, who also collected many interesting smut fungi, including this species. 3. Sporisorium guaraniticum (Speg.) Vanky, 1989:155. Ustilago guaranitica Spegazzini, 1884a:87. — Sphacelotheca guaranitica (Speg.) Zundel, 1930:135. — Sorosporium guaraniticum (Speg.) L. Ling, 1953a:190. — Type on Andropogon condensatus Kunth (= Schizachyrium condensatum (Kunth) Nees), Paraguay, between Paraguari and Valenzuela, V.1883, B. Balansa 3739, LPS 3050. Isotypes HMAS, HUV 12065! Sori destroying the racemes, linear, 2-3 cm long, partly hidden by the spathae, first covered by a thin peridium which ruptures irregularly disclosing the blackish-brown, granular-powdery mass of spore balls and a long, slender, filiform columella. Spore balls loose, subglobose, ellipsoidal, elongated or irregular, 40-80 x 50-120 um, light to medium reddish-brown, composed of 20 to hundreds of spores which separate easily. Spores globose, subglobose or slightly irregular, usually ellipsoidal, 12-16 x 13-20 um, yellowish-brown, free surface of the outer spores finely, densely verruculose which just affects the spore profile, inner spores apparently smooth, in SEM very finely verruculose; wall typically unevenly thickened, with (0—)2—4(-©) protuberances or thicker (0.8—2.5 ym) and darker areas, alternating with thin-walled (0.5—1 pm) and light areas. Sterile cells absent. On Schizachyrium condensatum (Kunth) Nees, S. sanguineum (Retz.) Alston; S. America (Argentina, Ecuador, Paraguay, Venezuela), Australasia (Australia). 40 41 Fig. 29. Sori of Sporisorium zambianum Vanky in the racemes of Schizachyrium exile (Hochst.) Pilger, almost completely hidden by the spatheolae (type). To the left a healthy inflorescence. Habit. Fig. 30. Sori of Sporisorium schizachyrii Vanky in the ovaries of Schizachyrium exile (Hochst.) Pilger (type). Habit. Bar = | cm. Figs. 23, 24. Spore balls and spores of Sporisorium absconditum Vanky on Schizachyrium fragile (R. Br.) A. Camus, in LM and in SEM (type). Figs. 25, 26. Spore balls and spores of Sporisorium berndtii Vanky on Schizachyrium sanguineum (Retz.) A. Camus (type). Figs. 27, 28. Spore balls and spores of Sporisorium zambianum Vanky on Schizachyrium exile (Hochst.) Pilger, in LM and in SEM (type). Bars = 10 pm. 42 4. Sporisorium schizachyrii Vanky, 2002a:418. Type on Schizachyrium exile (Hochst.) Pilger, Zambia, Southern Prov., 75 km _ESE Kafue, Chirundu Fossil Forest, alt. 490 m, 28.1V.2001, C. & K. Vanky, HUV 19654. Isotypes in Vanky, Ust. exs. no. 1128. For description and illustrations see Vanky, 2002a:418-421. See also Fig. 30. On Schizachyrium exile (Hochst.) Pilger, and S. sanguineum (Retz.) Alston; C. Africa (Zambia), S. America (Venezuela). The South American specimens on Schizachyrium sanguineum have 1-5 columellae, whereas in the African specimens on S. exile there is only one columella in a sorus. Other characters are identical. 5. Sporisorium zambianum Vanky, sp. nov. Typus in matrice Schizachyrium exile (Hochst.) Pilger, Zambia, Lusaka Prov., 169 km ENE Lusaka, 15°04'10" S, 29°45'22" E, alt. cca. 900 m.s.m., 17.1V.2001, C., T. & K. Vanky, HUV 19963. Isotypes in BPI, IMI et K. Sori racemos destruentes, longe cylindrici, 0,5—-1 x 20-40 mm, spatheolo tubuliformi obtecti excepta parte distali eorum, primum peridio tenue, pallide brunneo cooperti, quo rupto et ab apice disjuncto, massam nigrobrunneam, granuloso-pulveream glomerulorum sporarum columellamque longam, filiformem ostendentes. Glomeruli sporarum globosi, subglobosi, ovoidei, usque late ellipsoidales, 30-50 x 40-60 ym, atro-rubrobrunnei usque opaci, e sporis nonnullis decem, pressu leviter separabilibus compositi. Sporae forma variae, subpolyedrice vel polyedrice irregulares, 9-15 x 10,5—17 tm, atro-flavido- usque atro-rubrobrunneae; pariete tmaequaliter crasso, 0,5—-2,5(-3) pm, superficies libera sporarum externarum prominenter echinulata, spinis 1-2 ym altis; sporae internae pallidiores, leniter, disperse punctatae-verrucosae; pariete tenui, cca. 0,5 um, saepe ad angulos crassiore. Cellulae steriles nullae. | Sori (Fig. 29) destroying the racemes, long-cylindrical, 0.5—-1 x 20-40 mm, hidden by the tubuliform spatheole except its distal part, first covered by a thin, pale brown peridium which ruptures and dehisces from its apex, disclosing the blackish-brown, granular powdery mass of spore balls and a long, filiform columella. Spore balls (Figs. 27, 28) globose, subglobose, ovoid, to broadly ellipsoidal, 30-50 x 40-60 um, dark reddish-brown to opaque, composed of a few tens of spores which separate easily by pressure. Spores (Figs. 27, 28) variable in shape, subpolyhedrally or polyhedrally irregular, 9-15 x 10.5—17 pm, dark yellowish- to dark reddish-brown; wall unevenly thick, 0.5—2.5(—3) um, free surface of the outer spores prominently echinulate, spines 1-2 um high; inner spores lighter, finely, sparsely punctate-verrucose; wall thin, c. 0.5 um, often thicker at the angles. Sterile cells absent. On Schizachyrium exile (Hochst.) Pilger; C. Africa (Zambia). 43 Key to the smut fungi of Schizachyrium (S. = Sporisorium) TR OOLl Gest OVitip, Mic TACCINES 11.2.0: 4 te eum seen, haat ts Vere aL 2 =) SOM UE SPIKCLOIS ye nee: esai seek ete es Mee a Ties UUs ately eet gS 4 2. Spores 13-20 um long, free surface finely verruculose............ S. guaraniticum — Spores smaller, free surface coarsely ornamented ...........0..0.cccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 8 3. Spores 10.5—17 um long, free surface coarsely echinulate .......... S. zambianum — Spores 10.5—13.5 um long, free surface coarsely verrucose ......8. absconditum 4. Spores dimorphic, i.e. outer and inner spores in a ball very different, 8-10.5 um long, free surface echinulate ..................... S$. schizachyrii — Spores not dimorphic, 9-12 um long, punctate-verrucose................. S. berndtii A NEW SMUT FUNGUS OF ELIONURUS (GRAMINEAE) Two smut fungi are known on Elionurus: Sporisorium elionuri (Henn. & Pole- Evans) Vanky, on Elionurus muticus (Spreng.) Kunth, in Africa and South America, and S. elionuri-tristis Vanky, on Elionurus tristis Hack., in Madagascar (comp. Vanky, 1999:155-158). An additional smut fungus, collected in Zambia is: Macalpinomyces elionuri-tripsacoidis Vanky, sp. nov. Typus in matrice Elionurus tripsacoides Willd., Zambia, Southern Prov., 70 km SW Lusaka, 15°55'29" S, 28°10'00" E, alt. cca. 1060 m.s.m., 16.[V.2001, leg. T., C. & K. Vanky. Holotypus in Herbario Ustil. Vanky, HUV 19956. Isotypi in BPI, IMI et K. Paratypi in matrice Elionurus tripsacoides Willd., Zambia, Southern Prov., 22 km NE Pemba, 16°23'03" S, 27°2924" E, alt. cca. 1060 m.s.m., 12.IV.2001, leg. C., T. & K. Vanky, HUV 19959, isoparatypus in BPI; Southern Prov., 87 km NNE Livingstone, 17°16'19" S, 26°15'01" E, alt. cca. 1210 m.s.m., 14.IV.2001, leg. C., T. & K. Vanky, HUV 19958. Sori in ovariis spiculorum nonnulorum sessilium, hermaphroditorum, longe cylindrici, deinde torti, 0,7-1 x 5-30 mm, peridio brunneo cooperti, qua longitudinaliter rupta et lacerata massam olivaceobrunneam, semiagglutinatam usque pulveream sporarum et cellularum sterilium ostendentes. Sporae globosae, subglobosae usque ellipsoidales, magnitudine variae, 5,5—9,5(-10,5) x 6,5—10,5(-12) wm, flavidobrunneae; pariete aequali, 1-1,5 ym crasso, spinis obtusis, brevibus inclusis; imago obliqua sporarum serrata. Cellulae steriles in catervis magnis, laxis, cellulae singulae globosae usque ovoideae, 4-95 x 6,5—10,5 um, hyalinae; pariete tenui, 0,3—0,4 um, levi. Sori (Fig. 31) in the ovaries of some of the sessile, hermaphrodite spikelets, long cylindrical, later twisted, 0.7-1 x 5-30 mm, covered by a brown peridium which ruptures and shreds longitudinally disclosing the olivaceous-brown, semiagglutinate to powdery mass of spores and sterile cells. Spores (Figs. 32, 33) globose, subglobose to ellipsoidal, variable in size, 5.5—-9.5(-10.5) x 44 31 TVayT Fig. 31. Sori of Macalpinomyces elionuri-tripsacoidis Vanky in some ovaries of Elionurus tripsacoides Willd. (type). Habit. Enlarged two healthy spikelets and a sorus. Bars = 1 cm for habit, 3 mm for the detail drawing. Figs. 32, 33. Spores and sterile cells of Macalpinomyces elionuri-tripsacoidis Vanky on Elionurus tripsacoides Willd., in LM and in SEM (type). Figs. 34, 35. Spore balls and spores of Sporisorium tristachyae-nodiglumis Vanky on 7ristachya nodiglumis K. Schum., in LM and in SEM (type). Figs. 36, 37. Spore balls and spores of Restiosporium dapsilanthi Vanky on Dapsilanthus elatior (R. Braun) B.G. Briggs & L.A. Johnson, in LM and in SEM (type). Bars = 10 pm. 46 6.5—10.5(—12) pm, yellowish-brown; wall even, 1—1.5 ym thick, including the short, conical spines; spore profile serrate. Sterile cells (Figs. 32, 33) in large, loose groups, single cells globose to ovoid, 4-9.5 x 6.5-10.5 pm, hyaline; wall thin, 0.3—-0.4 um, smooth. | On Elionurus tripsacoides Willd.; C. Africa (Zambia). Key to the smut fungi of Elionurus . Spores with conical spines..................... Macalpinomyces elionuri-tripsacoidis Spores finely verruculose or finely echinulate.....................ccccsccceeseeeenreceeeneeeeeed . Spores 6.5—9.5(—10.5) pm long. Sterile cells absent......... Sporisorium elionuri Spores 10—13 pm long. Sterile cells present........... Sporisorium elionuri-tristis a NO A NEW SMUT FUNGUS OF TRISTACHYA (GRAMINEAE) I revised the smut fungi of the closely related Loudetia, Trichopteryx, Tristachya and Zonotriche (Vanky, 1997:160-171) and recognised ten species, of which six are Sporisorium. A different species was collected in Zambia: Sporisorium tristachyae-nodiglumis Vanky, sp. nov. Typus in matrice 7ristachya nodiglumis K. Schum., Zambia, Lusaka Province, 169 km ENE urbe Lusaka, 15°04'10" S, 29°45'22” E, alt. cca. 900 m.s.m., 17.1V.2001, leg. C., T. & K. Vanky. Holotypus in Herbario Ustil. Vanky, HUV 19719, isotypi in Vanky, Ust. exs. no. 1144. Sori in flosculis, organa floralia intima destruentes, cylindrici, cca. 1 x 15-25 mm, involucris floralibus partim cooperti, primo peridio crasso, pallide flavidobrunneo obtecti, quo wregulariter rupto massam nigram, granuloso- pulveream glomerulorum sporarum, columellas 3-4, filiformes circumdantem ostendentes. Infectio systemica: plerumque spiculae omnes inflorescentiae eiusdem affectae. Glomeruli sporarum permanentes, forma et magnitudine varii, subglobosi, ellipsoidales, elongati, plerumque parum irregulares, 30-90 x 40—110(—140) ym, rufobrunnei usque subopaci, e sporis 15 usque pluries decem vel etiam centum(?) compositi. Sporae dimorphae. Sporae externae ellipsoidales, ovoideae, plerumque subpolyedrice irregulares, 9,5-13 x 10—15(—16) pm, atro- rufobrunneae; pariete inaequali, in latere interno cca. 0,5 um, in latere libero, externo usque 2,5 um crasso, verrucis vel spinis dense dispositis, cca. 1 pm altis inclusis; imago obliqua sporae dense serrulata. Sporae internae magis rotundae, subglobosae, ellipsoidales vel parum subpolyedricae, 9,5-12 x 10-13,5 um, subhyalinae; pariete aequaliter crasso (cca. 0,5 pm), levi. Cellulae steriles nullae. Sori (Fig. 38) in the florets, destroying the innermost floral organs, cylindrical, c. 1 x 15-25 mm, partly hidden by the floral envelopes, first covered by a thick, pale yellowish-brown peridium which ruptures irregularly disclosing the black, granular-powdery mass of spore bails surrounding 3-4 filiform columellae. 47 38 Fig. 38. Sori of Sporisorium tristachyae-nodiglumis Vanky in the florets of Tristachya nodiglumis K. Schum. (type). Habit, a healthy inflorescence (to the left) and enlarged a triplet of spikelets, each with two sori in the two florets. Bars = 1 cm for habit, 4 mm for the detail drawing. 48 Infection systemic; usually all spikelets of an inflorescence are affected. Spore balls (Figs. 34, 35) permanent, variable in shape and size, subglobose, ellipsoidal, elongated, usually slightly irregular, 30-90 x 40—110(—140) um, reddish-brown to subopaque, composed of 15 to tens or a hundred(?) spores. Spores (Figs. 34, 35) dimorphic. Outer spores ellipsoidal, ovoid, usually subpolyhedrally irregular, 9.5—-13 x 10—-15(—16) pm, dark reddish-brown; wall uneven, on the inner side c. 0.5 um, on the outer, free side up to 2.5 um thick, including the c. 1 um high, densely situated warts or spines; spore profile serrulate. Inner spores more rounded, subglobose, ellipsoidal or slightly subpolyhedral, 9.5—12 x 10—13.5 um, subhyaline; wall evenly thick (c. 0.5 um), smooth. Sterile cells absent. On Tristachya nodiglumis K. Schum., C. Africa (Zambia). Key to the Sporisorium species of Loudetia, T Sie Hi Sang Tristachya and Zonotriche 1. Sori comprise the whole inflorescence........................ S. loudetiae-pedicellatae — Sori restricted to the spikelets (ovaries or florets) .............0.cccccccsseeceeeteeeeeneeees 2 2. Columellae more than 8. Spore balls evanescent. Spores all alike, GO Lun Tong) yee ei ee tty eas a ieee S. catinatum — Columellae less than 5. Spore balls more or less permanent. Sporesamore:or less dimorphicwiarcer., cetera. eee net eta seear aes 3 SA Sporessl 1222. tim lonpyenct sy ee ieee tee cit See S. loudetiae-superbae SS Sporesmsmialler meh is, Wie aeee Ehe e NEN MSM yo caa a at vss eacugseses 4 4, Spores 12-17 um long. Contact wall of the outer spores thicker (Cc stim) than thetreewwall (c? lium) y..2.etee eee es S. tristachydis — Spores smaller. Contact wall of the outer spores thinner than or equalling the thicknessofthe free waller is 00 | nye an aed d eestor ae o 5. Columellae 1-3. Spore balls 25-65 wm long............ eee eeeteeees S. decorsei 1 Columellaei3=5/iSpore ‘balls laroercay) Wun sens eee en Aas Pe eet ah 6 6. Spore balls 35-90 um long. Free surface of the spores finely verruculose. Spore profile nearly smooth...............0...... S. tristachyae-hispidae — Spore balls 40—110(—140) um long. Free surface of the spores verrucose-echinulate. Spore profile serrulate ............ S. tristachyae-nodiglumis Fig. 39. Sori of Restiosporium dapsilanthi Vanky in the seeds of Dapsilanthus elatior (R. Braun) B.G. Briggs & L.A. Johnson (type). To the left a healthy female inflorescence, to the right a healthy male inflorescence, in the middle an infected male or female inflorescence (habit). Bar = 1 cm. 39 49 50 A NEW SMUT FUNGUS ON DAPSILANTHUS (RESTIONACEAE) Restiosporium dapsilanthi Vanky, sp. nov. ‘Typus in matrice Dapsilanthus elatior (R. Braun) B.G. Briggs & L.A. Johnson (Leptocarpus elatior R. Brown; det. B. Waterhouse), Australia, Queensland, Cape York Peninsula, Bamaga, near the Air Port, 11°51'07" S, 146°29'18" E, alt. cca. 10 m.s.m., 8.III.2000, leg. R.G. Shivas, C. & K. Vanky, BRIP. Isotypi in BPI 841710, IMI, in Herbario Ustil. Vanky, HUV 19260, et in Vanky, Ust. exs. no. 1149. 3 Sori in nucibus, ovoidei, apice acuti, cca. 0,5 x 1 mm, semina massa glomerulorum sporarum granulosa-pulverea, nigra substituentes. Fungus proliferationem inflorescentiae et simul transformationem eius producens; per soros plantae masculinae infectae in femineis transformatae. Glomeruli sporarum subglobosi, ellipsoidales usque wregulares, 20-50 x 25-60 wm, atro olivaceobrunnei, e sporis 4—40 (vel pluribus?), faciliter separabilibus compositi. Sporae subglobosae, ovoideae, ellipsoidales usque subpolyedrice irregulares, 9-13 x 11—-16(-17) um, olivaceobrunneae; pariete aequaliter crasso, 1-2 pm, conspicue levi usque leniter, dense punctato, in SEM leniter, dense verruculoso. Sori (Fig. 39) in the nuts, ovoid with an acute tip, c. 0.5 x 1 mm, replacing the seeds with a black, granular-powdery mass of spore balls. The fungus produces proliferation of the inflorescence and also transvestism; infected male plants are transformed into female ones with sori. Spore balls (Figs. 36, 37) subglobose, ellipsoidal to irregular, 20-50 x 25—60 pm, dark olivaceous-brown, composed of 4—40 (or more?), easily separating spores. Spores (Figs. 36, 37) subglobose, ovoid, ellipsoidal to subpolyhedrally irregular, 9-13 x 11-16(-17) pm, olivaceous-brown; wall evenly thick, 1-2 pm, apparently smooth to finely, densely punctate, in SEM finely, densely verruculose. On Restionaceae: Dapsilanthus elatior (R. Braun) B.G. Briggs & L.A. Johnson (Leptocarpus elatior R. Brown); Australia. A NEW SPECIES OF MACALPINOMYCES Of the 25 known Macalpinomyces species six form sori on the top of sterile shoots of Gramineae (Capillipedium, Chrysopogon, Loudetia, Trichopteryx, Tristachya, Vetiveria), Recently, a different Macalpinomyces species was collected in Uganda, on both Sorghastrum and Loudetia: Macalpinomyces ugandensis Vanky, sp. nov. Typus in matrice Sorghastrum stipoides (Kunth) Nash (det. M. Namaganda, MHU), Uganda, Rakai Distr., 40 km SW urbe Masaka, 6 km NE pag. Kyotera, 00°35'37" S,.31°35'13” E,-alt’"cca, 1190 m.s.m:, 27.11-2002; leg. T., C. & K. Vanky. Holotypus in Herbario Ustil. Vanky, HUV 19992, isotypi in MHU, BPI et in Vanky, Ust. exs. no. 1177. Paratypus in matrice Loudetia phragmitoides (Peter) C.E. Hubb. (det. M. Namaganda); the same place, date and collectors as the type, HUV 19993. Isoparatypes in MHU, BPI et K. Fig. 40. A sorus. of Macalpinomyces ugan- densis Vanky on the top of a sterile shoot of Sorghastrum stipoides (Kunth) Nash, as a tube filled with spores, which splits at maturity (type). To the left a healthy inflorescence. Bar = 1 cm. 40 rl 3 Sori in apice surculorum, tubos flagelliformes, usque 1 m longos et 1-3 mm latos telarum hostilium massis nigrobrunneis, agglutinatis sporarum et cellularum relative paucarum intermixtarum completos formantes. Maturitate tubi e medio vel a parte distali eorum longitudinaliter fissi, massae sporarum dispersae et tubi aperti ligamenta typica, torta, persistentes formantes. Infectio systemica. Plerumque surculi omnes plantae eiusdem infecti et steriles. Sporae maturae singulae, globosae, subglobosae usque late ellipsoidales, 10,5-13,5 x 12-14,5 um, saepe lateraliter parum deplanatae (8,5-10,5 jum lata), flavido- usque olivaceobrunneae; pariete aequali, cca. 1 um crasso, dense, prominenter echinulato; imago obliqua sporarum serrulata. Cellulae steriles globosae usque ellipsoidales, in catervis laxis vel singulae, magnitudine extreme variae, 6-26 pm longae, hyalinae; pariete aequali, 0,5—2,5 um crasso, levi. Sori (Fig. 40) on the top of shoots forming flagelliform tubes of host tissue, up to 1 m long, 1-3 mm wide, filled with blackish-brown, agglutinated masses of spores intermixed with relatively few sterile cells. At maturity, the tubes split longitudinally, starting from their middle or distal part, the spore masses are scattered and the opened tubes form typical, persistent, twisted bands. Infection systemic. Usually all shoots of a plant are affected and remain sterile. Spores (Figs. 43, 44) single when mature, globose, subglobose to broadly ellipsoidal, 10.5-13.5 x 12-14.5 um, often laterally slightly flattened (8.5—10.5 um wide), yellowish- to olivaceous-brown; wall even, c. 1 wm thick, densely, prominently echinulate; spore profile serrulate. Sterile cells (Figs. 43, 44) globose to ellipsoidal, in small, loose groups or single, extremely variable in size, 6-26 ym long, hyaline; wall even, 0.5—2.5 um thick, smooth. On Sorghastrum stipoides (Kunth) Nash and Loudetia phragmitoides (Peter) C.E. Hubb.; C. Africa (Uganda). Known from the type collections only. Key to the Macalpinomyces species with sori on the top of sterile shoots 1. Spores 4—6.5 pum long, Verrucose ............cccccccsesscccesecsseecsssneeceesenes M. effusus POLES LAT PET, Bees, ce Rt sens s CMe Ah ae renal Pune art, Nets ater Oe ee 2 2. Spores 7—9 um long, wall unevenly thick, 0.5—1.5 um................ M. tristachyae — Spores larger, wall evenly or unevenly thick ........0........ccccccceescccesseceesteeeesseeeens : Sspores’8—12. (rm Lona Re a aaa Pe ER a Ce ae tie Yea, eee, 4 = Spores slarpertcGe.:, Page ae, yee na EE Meat mnt, 6 4. Sterile cells 12-35 ym long, wall thick (2.5—3 pum)................ M. trichopterygis ~— Sterile cells 5-15 pm long, wall thin (c. 0.5 WM)... eee eescceteeereeseenteeeees 5 5. Spores coarsely, moderately densely, low echinulate ....... M. chrysopogonicola ~— Spores finely, densely verruculose......1.........cc:cccssccssscesenesseaceserees M. nigritanae 6(3). Spores 9-15 pm long, often acuminate, finely verrucose; spore: profile wavy sen caked ee ee eh eae 2 We nae M. simplex — Spores 12-14.5 um long, never acuminate, densely echinulate; spore proileserrulate i. ot ee he Gs coc reo ae M. ugandensis 53 41 42 Fig. 41. Sori of Sporisorium rhytachnes-rottboellioidis Vanky in the ovaries of Rhytachne_ rottboellioides Desv. (type).. An infected and a_ healthy inflorescence (habit). Enlarged, two healthy and two infected spikelets (below). Bars = 1 cm for habit, 2 mm for the detail drawings. Fig. 42. Sori of Sporisorium eriochrysis Vanky in both sessile and pedicelled spikelets of Eriochrysis brachypogon (Stapf) Stapf (type). An infected and a healthy inflorescence (habit). Enlarged, some healthy and some infected spikelets. Bars = 1 cm for habit, 3 mm for the detail drawings. 54 A NEW SPORISORIUM SPECIES ON RHYTACHNE (GRAMINEAE) I revised (Vanky, 2000:168-172) the smut fungi of Rhytachne and similar grass genera. On Rhytachne two smut fungi have been recognised: Sporisorium rhytachnes (H. Sydow) Vanky, destroying the whole inflorescence of R. triaristata Stapf (Sierra Leone), and Tolyposporella rhytachnes Viennot-Bourgin, on the leaves of R. minor Pilger (Guinea). A different smut fungus, collected in Uganda, 1s: Sporisorium rhytachnes-rottboellioidis Vanky, sp. nov. Typus in matrice Rhytachne rottboellioides Desv. (det. M. Namaganda, MHU), Uganda, Masaka Distr., 13 km E Masaka, on Bukakata road, 00°18'19" S, 31°55'52" E, alt. cca. 1140 m.s.m., 17.11.2002, leg. C., T. & K. Vanky. Holotypus in Herbario Ustil. Vanky, HUV 19994, isotypi in MHU, BPI, IMI et K. Sori in ovariis, ovoidei vel cylindrici, 0,5—-1 x 3-5 mm, involucris floralibus partim obtecti, primum peridio cinerescentibrunneo cooperti, quo irregulariter rupto massam atrobrunneam, pulveream glomerulorum sporarum laxorum sporarumque et columellam centralem flagelliformem ostendentes. Glomeruli sporarum globoidei, ellipsoidales, elongati vel irregulares, 20-45 x 25-60 um, rubrobrunnei, e sporis 15 usque pluries decem, leviter separabilibus compositi. Sporae forma et magnitudine variae, rotundatae usque elongatae, plerumque subpolyedrice irregulares, 6,5—9 x 7.5—13,5 um, flavidobrunneae; pariete parum inaequali, 0,5—1 zm crasso, a conspicue levi usque leniter, dense punctato; imago obliqua sporarum levis. Cellulae steriles non observatae. Sori (Fig. 41) in ovaries, ovoid or cylindrical, 0.5—1 x 3—5 mm, partly hidden by the floral envelopes, first covered by a greyish-brown peridium which ruptures irregularly disclosing the dark brown, powdery mass of loose spore balls and spores, and a flagelliform, central columella. Spore balls (Figs. 45, 46) globoid, ellipsoidal, elongated or irregular, 20-45 x 25-60 ym, reddish-brown, composed of 15 to tens of easily separating spores. Spores (Figs. 45, 46) variable in shape and size, rounded to elongated, usually subpolyhedrally irregular, 6.5-9 x 7.5-13.5 tum, yellowish-brown; wall slightly uneven, 0.5—-1 pm thick, from apparently smooth to finely, densely punctate; spore profile smooth. Sterile cells not seen. On Rhytachne rottboellioides Desv.; C. Africa (Uganda). Figs. 43, 44. Spores and sterile cells of Macalpinomyces ugandensis Vanky on Sorghastrum stipoides (Kunth) Nash, in LM and in SEM (type). Figs. 45, 46. Spore balls and spores of Sporisorium rhytachnes-rottboellioidis Vanky on Rhytachne rottboellioides Desv., in LM and in SEM (type). Figs. 47, 48. Spore balls and spores of Sporisorium eriochrysis Vanky on Eriochrysis brachypogon (Stapf) Stapf, in LM and in SEM (type). Bars = 10 um. 56 Key to the smut fungi of Rhytachne 1. Sori on the leaves. Spore wall 2-8 um thick............ Tolyposporella rhytachnes Sori not on the leaves. Spore wall 0.5—1.5 yam thick......0.....00eccceeeseeeesceeeeteees 2 2. Sori in the whole inflorescence. Spores 11—15(—16) um long, dimorphic, outer spores prominently verrucose-echinulate ........... Sporisorium rhytachnes — Sori in the ovaries. Spores 7.5—-13.5 um long, not dimorphic, finely, densely punctate ...............0....... Sporisorium rhytachnes-rottboellioidis A SMUT FUNGUS ON ERIOCHRYSIS (GRAMINEAE) Eriochrysis P. Beauv, in the subfam. Panicoideae, tribe Andropogoneae, subtribe Saccharinae, is a small, homogeneous genus of 7 species in Africa, tropical America and one species in India. It is allied to Saccharum (Clayton & Renvoize, 1986:331). No smut fungus has been previously reported on Eriochrysis. Sporisorium eriochrysis Vanky, sp. nov. Typus in matrice Eriochrysis brachypogon (Stapf) Stapf (det. M. Namaganda, MHU), Uganda, Masaka Distr., 20 km E Masaka, Lake Nabugabo pr. Bale, 00°20'22" 8, 31°52'25" E, alt. cca. 1130 m.s.m., 26,]1.2002, leg. C., T. & K. Vanky. Holotypus in Herbario Ustil. Vanky, HUV 19995, isotypi in MHU, BPI, K et in Vanky, Ust. exs. no. 1178. Sori in spiculis et sessilibus et pedicellatis, organa floralia intima destruentes, ovoidei usque cylindrici, 0,7~1 x 3-6 mm, glumis partim obtecti, primum peridio flavidobrunneo cooperti, quo itegulariter rupto massam nigrobrunneam, semiagglutinatam usque pulveream glomerulorum § sporarum laxorum sporarumque, columellam centralem flagelliformem circumdantium ostendentes. Glomeruli sporarum globosi, elongati usque itregulares, 30—70 x 40-80 um, atro- flavidobrunnei usque subopaci, e sporis pluribus decem, leviter separabilibus compositi. Sporae globosae, subglobosae, ovoideae, ellipsoideae usque parum irregulares, raro elongatae, 9-11 x 10-12(-13) pm, flavidobrunneae; pariete inaequaliter crasso, 0,5—1(—1,5) um, leniter, dense punctato-verruculoso; imago obliqua sporarum levis. Cellulae steriles non observatae. Sori (Fig. 42) in both sessile and pedicelled spikelets, destroying the innermost floral organs, ovoid to cylindrical, 0.7—1 x 3-6 mm, partly hidden by the glumes, first covered by a yellowish-brown peridium which splits irregularly disclosing the blackish-brown, semiagglutinated to powdery mass of loose spore balls and spores, surrounding a flagelliform, central columella. Spore balls (Figs. 47, 48) globose, elongate to irregular, 30-70 x 40-80 ym, dark yellowish-brown to subopaque, composed of tens of spores which separate easily. Spores (Figs. 47, 49) globose, subglobose, ovoid, ellipsoidal to slightly irregular, rarely elongated, 9-11 x 10-12(—-13) um, yellowish-brown; wall unevenly thick, 0.5—-1(—1.5) pm, finely, densely punctate-verruculose; spore profile smooth. Sterile cells not seen. On Eriochrysis brachypogon (Stapf) Stapf; C. Africa (Uganda). 57 NEW COMBINATIONS Macalpinomyces pretoriensis (Pole-Evans) Vanky, comb. nov. Basionym: Ustilago pretoriensis Pole-Evans, in Sydow, H. & P., Ann. Mycol. 12:263, 1914. — Sphacelotheca pretoriensis (Pole-Evans) Zundel, 1938:301. — Sporisorium pretoriense (Pole-Evans) Vanky, 1998, nom. herb. — Type on Panicum helopus Trin. var. glabrescens (K. Schum.) Stapf (Urochloa panicoides Beauv.), South Africa, Transvaal, Pretoria, 20.11.1914, A.O. D. Mogg, PREM 7408. Isotype in HUV 18004! Sori in some flowers of an inflorescence transforming the inner floral organs into one or several, horn-shaped, cylindrical or twisted bodies, 0.3-2.5 x 5—40 mm, first covered by a greyish-brown peridium which shreds into numerous, long, filaments disclosing the semiagglutinated to powdery mass of spores and sterile cells. Spores single when mature, globose, subglobose to broadly ellipsoidal, 9-12.5 x 9.5-13 pm long, yellowish-brown; wall even, c. 1 wm thick, prominently, moderately densely echinulate, spore profile serrulate. Sterile cells in irregular groups, single cells subglobose, ovoid, ellipsoidal or subpolyhedrally slightly irregular, smaller than the spores, 5S—8 x 6—11 um, hyaline; wall c. 0.5 pm thick, smooth, content homogeneous. On Panicum maximum Jacq., Urochloa panicoides Beauv. (U. helopus (Trin.) Stapf, Panicum helopus Trin. var. glabrescens (K. Schum.) Stapf), U. trichopus (Hohst.) Stapf; C. & S. Africa (South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe). Savile, 1953:664, described Thecaphora apicis, forming spore balls in the ovaries of Carex pyrenaica Wahlenb. Species of Thecaphora are restricted to dicotyledonous host plants. Those on Cyperaceae belong to the genus Moreaua Moreaua apicis (Savile) Vanky, comb. nov. Basionym: Thecaphora apicis Savile, Canad. J. Bot. 31:664, 1953. — Type on Carex pyrenaica Wahlenb., Canada, British Columbia, 15 miles NW of Keremeos, Apex Mountain, 6.[X.1951, H.A. Senn, C. Frankton & J.M. Gillett, DAOM 34034! Sori destroying the nutlets, globoid, c. 1 mm in diameter, blackish-brown, first covered by a thin layer of host epidermis which early dehisces exposing the powdery mass of spore balls. Spore balls globose, ellipsoidal to irregular, 9-25 x 12-30 um, yellowish-brown, composed of (—1)2—20 spores. Spores variable in shape and size, globoid, ellipsoidal to irregular, with slightly flattened sides, sometimes subcuneiform, 5.5—9.5 x 6.5-14.5 pm, yellowish-brown; wall even, 0.5-0.8 ym thick (in lactophenol, with time, much swollen, up to 3 ym), free surface rough, in SEM finely, densely verruculose. On Cyperaceae: Carex pyrenaica Wahlenb.; Europe (Mt. Pyrénées), N America (Canada). 58 Viennot-Bourgin, 1958:170, described Sphacelotheca elymandrae in the ovaries of Elymandra androphila. Species of Sphacelotheca are restricted to members of the Polygonaceae family. Study of the type of S. elymandrae showed that it belongs to the genus Macalpinomyces. Macalpinomyces elymandrae (Viennot-Bourgin) Vanky, comb. nov. Basionym: Sphacelotheca elymandrae Viennot-Bourgin, Rev. Pathol. Vég. Entomol. Agric. France 37:170, 1958. — Type on Elymandra androphila Stapf, Guinea, near Boké, XI.1956, leg. Jacques-Félix. Holotype in Herb. Viennot- Bourgin, PC, isotype in HUV 15801! Sori in some ovaries of an inflorescence, swollen, ovoid, ellipsoidal, often apically narrowing into an acute tip, 8-12 x 10-15 mm, covered by a thin, _ yellowish-brown peridium of host and fungal origin which ruptures at maturity disclosing the dark brown, powdery mass of spores intermixed with groups of sterile cells. No conspicuous columella only a short prolongation of the floral axis mixed with fungal elements. Spores yellowish-brown, globose, subglobose to ellipsoidal, 9.5—13.5 x 10.5—15 um, including the 1-1.5 pm high, conical spines. Sterile cells in irregular groups, single cells variable in shape and size, globose, ellipsoidal to irregular, 5-16 pm long, subhyaline, collapsed in old specimen; wall thin (c. 0.5 um), even, smooth. On Gramineae: Elymandra androphila Stapf; W. Africa (Guinea). Known only from the type collection. Sporisorium argentinum (Hirschh.) Vanky, comb. nov. Basionym: Crozalsiella argentina Hirschhorn, Notas Mus. La Plata, Bot. 5:236, 1940. — Sphacelotheca argentina (Hirschh.) Zundel, 1953:81. — Type on Panicum demissum Trin. (= P. sabulosum Lamark), Argentina, Buenos Aires, Hudson, Villa Elisa, X.1924, J.B. Marchionatto, LPS 3649! Sori at the base of the last upper internode, probably comprising the young inflorescence, globose or ovoid, 3—5 x 3-5 mm, with a long, apiculate host plant remnant on its distal part, covered by host tissues and a brown peridium which ruptures irregularly disclosing the dark brown, semiagglutinated mass of spores and sterile cells surrounding several short columellae. Spores single when mature, subglobose, broadly ellipsoidal or often kidney-shaped, 5.5-9.5 x 8—-10.5 um, yellowish-brown; wall evenly thick (c. 0.5 wm), finely, densely punctate-verruculose, spore profile smooth. Sterile cells 8-15 um long, in small groups, collapsed in old specimen, hyaline; wall thin, c. 0.5 tm, smooth. On Gramineae: Panicum sabulosum Lamarck (P. demissum Trin.), and P. urvilleanum Kunth; Argentina, Uruguay. Sporisorium anadelphiae (Viennot-Bourgin) Vanky, comb. nov. Basionym: Sorosporium anadelphiae Viennot-Bourgin, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 104:266, 1957. — Type on Anadelphia pumila Jacques-Félix, Guinée francaise [= Guinea], Foulaya near Kindia, 1.1957, G. Viennot-Bourgin. Holotype in PC, isotype in HUV 15800! 39 Sori in some spikelets of an inflorescence, destroying the innermost floral organs, long cylindrical, 0.5—-1.5 x 2-14 mm, covered by a thick, yellowish- brown peridium which ruptures longitudinally from its apex into 2-3 bands, disclosing the blackish-brown, granular-powdery mass of spore balls surrounding a stout central columella. Spore balls variable in shape and size, globoid, ellipsoidal, elongated to irregular, subpolyangular, 30-125 x 40-160 um, dark reddish-brown, composed of tens to hundreds of spores which separate by pressure. Spores dimorphic. Outer spores globoid, ellipsoidal to subpolyhedrally irregular, 9.5—13(—15) x 10.5—16 ym, dark reddish-brown; wall uneven, 0.8-2.5 um thick, densely, prominently verrucose on the free surface, warts up to 1 um high, spore profile serrulate. Inner spores subglobose, ellipsoidal, usually rounded, subpolyhedrally irregular, 7-11.5 x 8-11(-12) um, pale yellowish- brown; wall even, c. 0.5 um thick, minutely, densely punctate or apparently smooth. On Gramineae: Anadelphia pumila Jacques-Félix, Africa. Known only from the type locality. Sporisorium panici-carthaginense (Spegazzini) Vanky, comb. nov. Basionym: Ustilago panici-carthaginenis Spegazzini, Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, Ser. 2, 6:207, 1899 (as "panici-carthagenenis"). — Sorosporium panici- carthaginense (Speg.) Zundel, 1953:68 (as "panici-carthaginenis"). — Type on Panicum carthaginense Arechav. (= P. fultum Hack.), Uruguay, Cerro de Montevideo, summer 1882-91, leg. J. Arechavaleta & C. Spegazzini, LPS (?)3038!; topotype on P. fultum Hack., V1.1927, G. Herter, HUV 5216! Sori destroying the whole inflorescence and also the basal part of the terminal leaf sheaths, swollen, globoid, 2-5 mm in diameter, with an acute tip bearing a more or less well-developed leaf blade, compact, covered by a peridium of fungal and host tissues which ruptures usually transversally at its base disclosing the powdery, brown mass of spore balls, spores, sterile cells and several, short, stout, bent columellae. Spore balls composed of many, easily separating spores. Spores single when mature, variable in shape and size, ovoid, ellipsoidal, irregular, often with a flattened side, sometimes elongated into a subacute tip, (6.5—)7—9.5(—11) x 8.5—13 um, yellowish-brown; wall even, c. 0.5 ym thick, finely, densely punctate to finely verrucose-echinulate, spore profile smooth to finely wavy. Sterile cells in irregular groups, single cells subglobose, ellipsoidal to irregular, 8-15 pm long, hyaline; wall 0.5—1 ym thick, smooth, collapsed in old specimens. On Gramineae: Panicum fultum Hack. (P. carthaginense Arechav., not Swartz, P. fasciculatum Swartz var. carthaginense Arechav.);, Uruguay. Sporisorium parodii (Hirschh.) Vanky, comb. nov. Basionym: Ustilago parodii Hirschhorn, Darwiniana 3:401, 1939 — Type on Muhlenbergia diffusa Willd. (= M. schreberi Gmel.), Argentina, La Plata, Bosque, X.1936, L. R. Parodi, Herb. Hirschhorn 35, isotype in LPS 3055! Sori comprising the distal part of the shoots (inflorescence? and some terminal leaves), long cylindrical, 3-4 x 10-12 mm, first covered by a whitish-brown 60 peridium with the tips of 1-2 leaves. The peridium ruptures longitudinally disclosing the brown, granular to powdery mass of spores surrounding 8-12 filiform columellae of the length of the sorus. Spores single when mature, - globose, subglobose, ellipsoidal to slightly irregular, 8-12 x 8-15 pm, globose spores 8-12 um in diameter, yellowish-brown; wall even, 1—2 um thick, finely, densely verruculose, spore profile wavy to finely serrulate. Sterile cells not seen. Spore germination (Hirschhorn, 1939:405 & Fig. 4c) results in 4-celled basidia producing mycelia and also a basidiospore(?). On Gramineae: Muhlenbergia schreberi Gmel. (M. diffusa Willd.); Argentina. This fungus differs from all 18 smut fungi described on Muhlenbergia. Unfortunately, the host plant identity could not be verified from the material at hand. Urelytrum Hack., in the subtribe Rottboelliinae, tribe Andropogoneae, has 7 species in tropical Africa (Clayton & Renvoize, 1986:361). Only one smut fungus was so far described from it: Sporisorium urelytri (L. Ling) Vanky, comb. nov. Basionym: Sorosporium urelytri L. Ling, Sydowia 7:156, 1953c. — Type on Urelytrum giganteum Pilger, Sudan, Equatoria Prov., Meridi-Yei boundary, near Olo River, 4.V.1938, J.G. Myers 9003. Holotype in IMI 25276! Paratypes on Urelytrum giganteum, Congo, a la Grelo section, VII.1931, P. Quarré 2593, IMI 36152, BPI 180815; on Urelytrum stapfianum C.E. Hubb. (= U. digitatum K. Schum.), Angola, no date, coll. Gossweiler 9518, IMI 25277; U. stapfianum (=U. digitatum), Angola, Lalange Plateau, Kela, 3.1.1931, Gossweiler, IMI 36153. Sori destroying the inner floral organs of both sessile and pedicelled spikelets, long ellipsoidal or cylindrical, with one or several, short, acute tips, c. 1 x 3-6 mm, partially exposed between the glumes, first covered by a thick, pale brown peridium which dehisces irregularly from its apex, disclosing the dark brown, semiagglutinated to powdery mass of spore balls surrounding a stout, central columella with short apical branches. Spore balls subglobose, ellipsoidal, elongated to usually irregular, 40-80 x 45-130 wm, dark reddish-brown, composed of tens of spores which separate by pressure. Spores subglobose, ellipsoidal, usually rounded subpolyhedrally irregular, 9-14 x 10—15(—16) pm, medium yellowish-brown; wall even, 0.5—0.8 um thick, finely, densely punctate- verruculose, spore profile smooth. On Gramineae: Urelytrum giganteum Pilger, U. digitatum K. Schum. (U. stapfianum C.E. Hubb.), Africa (Angola, Congo, Sudan). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful to Dr. S. Toth (Gédéll6, Hungary) for providing the Latin descriptions, to Dr. E. McKenzie (Auckland, New Zealand), and Dr. R. Berndt (Tubingen, Germany) for reading the manuscript and serving as pre-submission reviewers. Thanks are also due to the Directors and Curators of the Herbaria AMH, BPI, BR, BRIP, FH, GH, HCIO, IMI, LE for loans of specimens. 6] LITERATURE CITED Ahmad, S. 1956. Ustilaginales of West Pakistan. — Mycol. Pap. 64:1-17. Arthur, J.C. 1884. 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Aran Ae an ~ 269 “A Lee a nar ‘ ; ; ai! deh ‘ as iy Saber eon UA ‘ 4 we ps cri re : os oe i C “ah Nige hy tks | . es iio ts ny ihe ark ary od oe pane eh te an EMirnerate Cay ae Tone ie ae dels an nai er Fa midis fat | aes Sek pare ayn ua Ce aime Nigakie iy) Datiewis 0 rape hs bat ale . > Sale EN Mh BE a SEL SU ALN HOR ao he i) A a hice! ‘ ut sv ed Oe F we - Fi » _| i - .< Ve py / até MY COTAXON Volume LXXXV, pp. 67-75 January-March 2003 THREE INTERESTING THERMOPHILIC TAXA OF GYMNOPUS (BASIDIOMYCETES, TRICHOLOMATACEAE): G. PUBIPES SP. NOV., G. PUBIPES VAR. PALLIDOPILEATUS VAR. NOV. AND G. DRYOPHILUS VAR. LANIPES COMB. NOV. ANTONIO ORTEGA Dpto. Biologia Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias. E-18071 Granada, Spain; e-mail: aortegad@ugr.es VLADIMIR ANTONIN Moravian Museum, Dept. of Botany, Zeln_ trh 6, CZ-659 37 Brno, Czech Republic; e-mail: vantonin@mzm.cz FERNANDO ESTEVE-RAVENTOS Dpto. Biologia Vegetal, Facultad de Biologia. E-28871 Alcala de Henares, Spain; e-mail: fernando.esteve@uah.es Abstract Three Gymnopus-taxa (Basidiomycetes, Tricholomataceae) were studied. One new species, G. pubipes, is described for a thermophilic fungus usually erroneously identified as G. benoistii. This study is based on studies of the original description of the latter species and recently collected material from Spain. A macroscopically different but microscopically identical fungus recorded in the Czech Republic, Romania, Slovakia and Sweden is described as G. pubipes var. pallidopileatus. A new combination, G. dryophilus var. lanipes. is also proposed and its neotype from a recent collection from Spain is designated here. Key words: Agaricales, new taxa, type-revision, taxonomy, nomenclature. Introduction During the past years, we collected three taxa of the genus Gymnopus (Pers.) Roussel in Mediterranean and Central-European thermophilic ecosystems. They have been named Gymnopus (or Collybia) benoistii or G. (C.) dryophilus var. lanipes, respectively, in most recent mycological literature (MALENCON & BERTAULT 1975; 68 MORENO ET AL. 1990; ORTEGA ET AL. 1991; ANTONIN & NOORDELOOS 1997; BON 1999; HAUSKNECHT & KRISAI-GREILHUBER 2000). To clarify the taxonomic position of these taxa, we made a comparative study of collections from different European countries, as well as of the type material. The type material of C. benoistii Boud. is apparently not preserved, at least not in Boudier’s herbarium deposited in the herbarium of the Museum of Natural History in Paris (PC), so this species has to be interpreted only according to the original description (BOUDIER 1900). Most fungi identified in recent years as C. benoistii (see references above) agree only partially with Boudier’s species, and his original diagnosis does not include data on some essential characters in Gymnopus taxonomy, e.g. the type of pileipellis or its reaction with KOH. Regarding those circumstances, we decided to describe the new species Gymnopus pubipes, which includes the concept of C. benoistii of many European mycologists. The type collection of Marasmius dryophilus var. lanipes Malencon et Bertault preserved in the herbarium in Montpellier (MPU) was studied and compared with recent Italian and Spanish samples. Unfortunately, the holotype does not correspond to the original diagnosis (MALENCON & BERTAULT 1975: 362). Therefore, a neotype was designated from Spanish material, as no paratypic collections exist in Montpellier Herbarium. Material and methods Gymnopus pubipes and G. dryophilus var. lanipes have a wide distribution in the Mediterranean countries (southern Europe and northern Africa) and one variety of the first one (see below) also in thermophilous associations (oak and hornbeam-oak stands) in Central and Northern Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Romania, Slovakia, Sweden). Most Spanish localities of the latter species were recorded in Mediterranean ecosystems in Andalucia (Granada, Malaga) and Castilla-La Mancha (Guadalajara), whereas the material of Gymnopus dryophilus var. lanipes comes from southern Spain (Andalucia, provinces of Granada, Malaga and Sevilla), as well as from Italy (material previously studied and published by LONATI 1986). Microscopic slides of dried material were prepared with 5% NH,OH, Melzer’s reagent and Congo Red in 10% ammonia. Macroscopic reactions on the pileus of the samples were tested with a 10% KOH solution. Drawings were made with the aid of Zeiss (A.O. and F.E.-R.) and Olympus (V.A.) drawing tubes under an oil-immersion lens. Colours of basidiomata were compared with KORNERUP & WANSCHER (1973). Spore measurements are given according to HEINEMANN & RAMMELOO (1985). Herbarium acronyms are according to HOLMGREN ET AL. (1990). Abbreviations of authors of fungal names follow KIRK & ANSELL (1992). Apart from other references cited in the text, we have followed the general taxonomic criteria proposed in the European Collybia s. 1. monograph by ANTONIN & NOORDELOOS (1997), and the essential treatise for Mediterranean agarics by MALENCON & BERTAULT (1975). 69 Gymnopus pubipes Antonin, A. Ortega et Esteve-Rav., sp. nov. Misapplied names: Collybia benoistii Boud., Bull. Soc. mycol. France 16: 102, 1900; Gymnopus benoistii (Boud.) Antonin & Noordel., Mycotaxon 63: 363. 1997 s. auct. p. part., non s. Boud. Pileo 10-40 mm lato, hemisphaerico vel convexo, dein applanato, centro applanato vel depresso, obscure brunneo vel purpureo-brunneo, pallescente pallide brunneo vel cremeo. Lamellis adnexis vel emarginatis, cremeis vel ochraceis. Stipite 20-60 = 2-7 mm, cylindraceo, cum pileo concolore, tomentoso. Sporis (5.0-)5.5-8.0 x 2.5-4.0 um, oblongis-ellipsoideis, sublacrimoideis. Cheilocystidiis 20-40 x 5.0-20 um, clavatis, cylindraceis, subcapitatis, fusiformibus, frequenter irregularibus. Pileipellis e cellulis similibus sicut in Gymnopus dryophilus constructa. Caulocystidiis cylindraceis, clavatis, obtusis, 3.0-8.0 um latis. Holotypus: Hispania, Huétor-Santillan, area protecta Sierra de Huétor, sub Quercus ilex subsp. ballota, 18. X. 1977 leg. G. Malencon, X. Llimona & A. Ortega (holotypus in herbario GDA 10332 asservatur, isotypi in herbaria AH 26979 et BRNM 670685 asservantur). Selected descriptions and iconography: Malencon & Bertault (1975: 385-387, fig. 81, pl. 15, as Marasmius terginus f. benoistii); Moreno et al. (1990: 118-120, as Collybia benoistii); Antonin & Noordeloos (1997: 97-98, fig. 29, pl. 24, as Gymnopus benoistii psp3): Pileus 10-40 mm, hemisphaerical to convex, expanding to applanate or slightly depressed with age, hardly or not umbonate, with involute then straight or slightly reflexed margin, hygrophanous and striate at the margin when moist, chestnut-brown (9E8) or purplish-brown (10E8) when moist, pallescent to pallid brown (6C8) or cream (5A3-4) on drying, smooth to slightly radially rugulose. Lamellae rather distant, L = 20- 25, 1 = 1-3, deeply emarginate to adnexed, subventricose, pale cream (SA3-4) to buff (6C6-8), often showing a pale reddish reflection, with entire to slightly sinuose edge. Stipe 20-60 x 2-7 mm, cylindrical, often compressed, tenacious, whitish to pale cream when young, becoming concolorous with pileus with age, entirely pubescent, densely tomentose towards the base, with fine white to cream coloured hairs; white rhizoids often present at the base. Context concolorous with surface. Smell and taste indistinct. Spores (5.0-)5.5-8.0 x 2.5-4.0 um, X = 6.5 x 3.4 um, E = 1.6-2.3, Q = 1.9, oblong- ellipsoid to sublacrymoid, smooth, hyaline, non-amyloid. Basidia 18-25 x 5.0-7.5 um, 4-spored, clavate. Basidioles 12-30 x 3.0-8.0 ym, cylindrical to clavate. Lamella edge sterile. Cheilocystidia 20-40 x 5.0-20 um, very variable in form, mostly clavate to subcapitate, cylindrical to fusiform, sometimes irregular, lobate or with several wide projections. Pileipellis with typical dryophila-structure, composed by cylindrical to inflated up to 15 um wide hyphae, with lobate to coralloid terminal elements up to 20 uum wide, showing incrusting pigment. Stipitipellis a cutis, of cylindrical, parallel, slightly thick-walled, up to 5.0 um wide hyphae. Caulocystidia very numerous, 3.0-8.0 uum wide, polymorphic, sinuose, usually cylindrical to clavate, with obtuse apex, slightly thick-walled, sometimes septate, sometimes with obtuse projections at the apex. Clamp-connections present in all tissues. Chemical reactions: KOH reaction on pileus green. Gymnopus pubipes (holotype): pileipellis, cheilocystidia, spores and caulocystidia. Scale bar = 20 um. Ecology: Often gregarious, saprotrophic on vegetal debris (leaves, branches), especially of Quercus or Pinus, or in mixed stands, sometimes under Juniperus, in thermophilous forests on calcareous soils. Distribution and phenology: Widespread in southern Europe and northern Africa. Autumn to early winter in the Mediterranean region. Material studied: SPAIN: Granada: Huétor-Santillan, Parque natural de la Sierra de Huétor, road to campamento de la Alfaguara, under Quercus ilex subsp. ballota, 18 Oct. 1977 leg. G. Malencgon, X. Llimona and A. Ortega (holotype GDA 10332, isotypes AH 26979 and BRNM 670685); Baza, Parque natural de la sierra de Baza, pinar de Cala, under Juniperus communis, 3 Nov. 1992 leg. A. Ortega and D. Sousa (GDA 36231); Lanteira, Parque natural de Sierra Nevada, under Salix atrocinerea in Pinus forest, 13 Nov. 1999 leg. A. Capilla, F. Esteve-Raventos and A. Ortega (GDA 44742); Juviles, Parque natural de Sierra Nevada, under Pinus sylvestris, 28 Oct. 2000 leg. L. Alcoba and A. Ortega (GDA 44743); Guadalajara: Albalate de Zorita, under Quercus ilex A subsp. ballota, 15 Oct. 1999 leg. V. Bandala, F. Esteve-Raventés, L. Montoya and M. Villarreal (AH 26931). The fungus described above represents a Mediterranean type” of this species. A fungus with totally identical microscopic features grows in thermophilous stands of Central Europe and southern parts of northern Europe. However, it differs by macroscopic features, especially the colour of carpophores. Therefore, we decided to describe it as a new variety of G. pubipes. Gymnopus pubipes var. pallidopileatus Antonin, A. Ortega et Esteve-Ray., var. nov. A varietate typica carpophoris parvis et pallide coloratis differt. Holotypus: Cechia, Moravia, Ochoz prope Brno, area protecta Hornek, ad folia deiecta Quercus, 20. VI. 2001 leg. A. Vagner (holotypus in herbario BRNM 667673 asservatur). Selected descriptions and iconography: Antonin & Noordeloos (1997: 97-98, fig. 29, pl. 24, as Gymnopus benoistii p. p.). It differs from the typical variety in having a smaller, 15-30 mm broad pileus, coloured brown (6C5) at centre, paler (pale cream, beige or whitish) towards margin, paler lamellae (paler than 4A2) and paler stipe, almost whitish above and brown (6C4-5) towards base. Its microscopic features fully agree with var. pubipes. Ecology: It grows on fallen Quercus-leaves, rarely on leaves of other broad-leaved trees (Acer campestre, Carpinus). Distribution and phenology: It is known from Central Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Romania and Slovakia) and southern Sweden. It has been recorded in spring and summer (May to August). Material studied: CZECH REPUBLIC: Hlasna Tieban, 27 May 1945 leg. V. Vacek (PRM); Ochoz near Brno, Udoli Riéky nature reserve, Lysa hora, on fallen leaves and twigs in a Carpinus-Quercus stand, 19 July 2000 leg. V. Antonin and A. Vagner (Antonin 00.25, BRNM 652808); Ochoz near Brno, Hornek nature reserve, on fallen leaves of Carpinus, Quercus and Acer campestre, 29 July 2000 leg. A. Vagner (BRNM 652989) and 20 June 2001 leg. A. Vagner (BRNM 667673, holotype); Moravsky Krumlov, Krumlovsko-rokytenské slepence nature reserve, on fallen leaves of Quercus, 23 Aug. 2001 leg. V. Antonin and Z. Bieberova (Antonin 01.210, BRNM 666476); Kobyli na Mor., Ochozy, on Quercus leaves, 12 June 1994 leg. V. Antonin 94.53 (BRNM 599017); Valtice, Rendezvous, in Quercus leaves, 18 June 1993 leg. H Deckerova (Antonin 93.30 and 31, BRNM 576463 and 576464). ROMANIA: Bucuresti, destination Pitesti, 14 July 1976 leg. J. Kubi¢ka (PRM). SLOVAKIA: Nitra, Zobor, 3 June 1972 leg. L. Opold (BRA). SWEDEN: VéAstergétland, Létene, Medelplana, Munkangarnas naturreservat, on Quercus leaves, on limestone, 29 July 1985 leg. L. & A. Stridvall 83/003 (herb. Stridvall, L, BRNM 603950). Gymnopus pubipes is characterised by a more or less uniformly reddish-brown pileus (var. pubipes) or a pileus brown at centre and beige, pale cream to whitish 72 towards margin (var. pallidopileatus), a strongly pubescent to velutinous stipe, a dryophila-type pileipellis, clavate to subcapitate, cylindrical to fusiform, sometimes irregular cheilocystidia and a green reaction of the pileus surface and pileipellis with KOH. Gymnopus fuscopurpureus (Pers.: Fr.) Antonin et al. (= Collybia obscura J. Favre) represents a close taxon. It can sometimes be found in the same habitats and shows the same green reaction on the pileus with KOH. The species differ in the colours of the basidiomata, stipe covering and size and shape of cheilocystidia. Gymnopus pubipes belongs to the subsect. A/kalivirentes Antonin et Noordel. having a dryophila- type pileipellis and green chemical reaction on the pileus (ANTONIN & NOORDELOOS loc. cit.). | As previously stated in the introductory chapter, G. pubipes has regularly been identified as Collybia (or Gymnopus) benoistii (MORENO ET AL. 1990; ANTONIN & NOORDELOOS 1997) or Marasmius terginus f. benoistii (Boud.) Malencon et Bertault (MALENCON & BERTAULT 1975). All these authors indicate a spore size ranging (5.5-)6- 9(-11) x 3-4(-5) pm, although information about the KOH reaction on the pileus is lacking or said to be absent (ANTONIN & NOORDELOOS loc. cit.). The most recent record of this fungus was published by HAUSKNECHT & KRISAI-GREILHUBER (2000) with a sporal range of 6-8 < 3-3.5 um, which agrees with our observations (it represents var. pallidopileatus). BON’s (1999) concept of C. benoistii is rather similar to that of BOUDIER (1900) because he refers to a species with much larger spores [(8-)9-10(-11) x (3.5-)4-5(-6) pm]. MALENCON & BERTAULT (loc. cit.) and ORTEGA ET AL. (1991) subordinated C. benoistii to Marasmius terginus (Fr.) Fr. or Collybia tergina (Fr.) S. Lundell as a form or variety, respectively. However, the pileipellis of the tergina group 1s rather different from our former concept of C. benoistii (= Gymnopus pubipes), as already remarked by ANTONIN & NOORDELOOS (loc. cit.). Unfortunately, the absence of type material in Boudier’s herbarium does not allow to have a correct picture of what C. benoistii might represent — mainly regarding the reaction of the pileus with KOH, the type of pileipellis and the spore size, which are very important characters in Gymnopus taxonomy. Boudier’s species could also be related to some other taxon of Gymnopus sect. Vestipedes (Fr.) Antonin et al. or sect. Levipedes (Fr.) Halling and, in our opinion, should be best regarded as a nomen dubium. Gymnopus dryophilus var. lanipes (Malencon et Bertault) A. Ortega, Antonin et Esteve-Rav., comb. nov. Basionym: Marasmius dryophilus var. lanipes Malencon et Bertault, Trav. Inst. Sci. Cherif. Fac. Sci. Rabat 33 (Fl. Champ. Supér. Maroc 2): 362, 1975. = Collybia dryophila var. lanipes (Malen¢on et Bertault) A. Ortega et Vizoso, Doc. Mycol. 21(82): 23, 1991. Neotype (selected here): Spain, Malaga, Road Malaga-Colmenar, venta de Garvey, in Pinus forest, 10 Nov. 2000, leg. L. Alcoba and A. Ortega, GDA 44739 (isoneotypes AH 26980 and BRNM 670686). Selected descriptions and iconography: Malencon & Bertault (1975: 361-364, fig. 77, as Marasmius dryophilus var. lanipes); Lonati (1986: 15-17, as Marasmius dryophilus var. lanipes). 74) Pileus 12-45 mm, convex to plano-convex, later applanate or slightly depressed around the centre, with inflexed, then straight margin, hygrophanous, translucently striate at the margin (sometimes reaching half of the pileus) when moist, entirely orange-brown to ochraceous-brown when humid (7-8E8), strongly pallescent on drying, becoming yellow-ochraceous to cream (5A3-4), smooth, glabrous. Lamellae moderately crowded, adnate to emarginate, narrow, segmentiform or slightly ventricose, whitish (5A1), with entire to subentire concolorous edge. Stipe 30-65 x 3-8.5 mm, cylindrical to broadened towards the base, subconcolorous to paler than the pileus, brown-orange to ochraceous- yellow, whitish at the apex, surface finely pubescent, especially near the base, never tomentose, whitish rhizoids present at the base. Context concolorous with surface. Smell and taste indistinct. Spores (3.8-)4.5-7.2(-8.0) x 2.2-3.5 um, Xm = 5.2 x 2.8 um, E = 1.6-2.3, Q = 1.85, oblong-ellipsoid to (sub-)lacrimoid, smooth, hyaline, non-amyloid. Basidia 23-31 x 5.0- 6.0 um, 4-spored, clavate. Basidioles 15-32 x 2.5-7.0 um, cylindrical to clavate, less frequently subfusoid. Cheilocystidia rather inconspicuous, 18-25 x 4.0-7.0 um, cylindrical, more rarely subclavate, mostly furcate to lobate, irregular. or diverticulate. Trama hyphae cylindrical, non-dextrinoid, up to 12 um wide. Pileipellis typically “Sigsaw puzzle-like”(dryophila-type), with strongly diverticulate elements, smooth or incrusted. Stipitipellis a cutis, of cylindrical, parallel, slightly thick-walled, up to 5.0 um wide hyphae. Hairs of the stipe covering up to 50 x 1.0-5.0 um, filiform or vermiform, thin- to moderately thick-walled, arising from clusters of diverticulate terminal elements, similar to cheilocystidia. Clamp-connections present in all tissues. Chemical reactions: KOH on pileus none. Ecology: Gregarious in Mediterranean thermophilous forests among vegetal debris, especially of Quercus ilex, Pinus, or more rarely Cistus. Distribution and phenology: Known from northern Africa (Mauritania), and southern Europe (France, Italy and Spain). Material studied: ITALY: Roma: Villa Ada, under Robinia pseudoacacia, Laurus nobilis and Quercus ilex, 8 Nov. 1983 leg. G. Lonati (herb. Lonati, duplicate AH). SPAIN: Granada: Sierra Elvira, under Quercus ilex subsp. ballota, 28 Oct. 1979 leg. R. Galan (GDA 10328); Bolones, Parque natural de la Sierra de Huétor, under Pinus halepensis, 2 Jan. 1996 leg. L. Alcoba and A. Ortega (GDA 42754, AH 25268); Malaga: Yunquera, parque natural de la Sierra de las Nieves, puerto de la Caina, under Cistus albidus, 30 Nov. 1995 leg. F. Esteve-Raventos, E. Horak, G. Moreno and A. Ortega (GDA 44974); Road Malaga-Colmenar, venta de Garvey, in Pinus forest, 10 Nov. 2000 leg. L. Alcoba and A. Ortega (neotype GDA 44739, isoneotypes AH 26980 and BRNM 670686); Sevilla: Aznalcazar, pinar de Aznalcazar, under Pinus pinea, 18 Nov. 2000 (GDA 44740) and 31 March 2001 (GDA 44741) leg. L. Alcoba and A. Ortega. This poorly known taxon was described in detail by MALENCON & BERTAULT (1975), putting special emphasis to the presence of a finely velutinous stipe, the covering formed by cylindrical, thin-walled hairs or caulocystidia. There is no doubt that the original description represents the well-known G. dryophilus, except for the pubescent stipe. The material studied by us differs from the typical G. dryophilus also in having smaller cheilocystidia and longer basidia. 74 fs Sei WO | Gymnopus dryophilus var. lanipes (neotype): pileipellis cells (upper left), cheilocystidia (lower left), spores and hairs of the stipe cover (right). Scale bar = 20 um. The material deposited as a holotype (n° 4508) in Malencon’s herbarium at Montpellier (MPU) was studied by us, and it does not correspond to the taxon described in the protologue. Although it has a pubescent stipe, its spores are larger (9-11 =< 4-5 um), the pileipellis is a cutis of typical filamentous hyphae without a dryophila- structure, and the basidiomata are brown-reddish. These characters do not agree with G. dryophilus, but it may represent a taxon from the G. terginus group. Because Malencgon knew G. terginus very well, a designation of such material was surely an unintentional error. Therefore, because of the absence of any paratypic collection, we selected a neotypus from Iberian material which fits the original description in all aspects, and keeps the originally used name. Gymnopus dryophilus var. lanipes might be confused with pale or dehydrated forms of G. pubipes, both sharing a pubescent stipe. Gymnopus dryophilus var. lanipes can be distinguished macroscopically by the whitish to cream lamellae and the absence of rhizoids at the stipe base, and microscopically by its smaller spores and the inconspicuous cylindrical, often diverticulate cheilocystidia. Moreover, the chemical reaction with KOH on the pileus is a good character to distinguish both species. Acknowledgements A. Ortega wishes to thank the CICYT (Ministerio de Educacién y Cultura) for granting the research project PB 98-1316, in which these results are included. F. Esteve- Raventos thanks the Consejo Social of Alcala de Henares University for finantial support concerning a visit to Montpellier Herbarium (MPU), and also to the director and staff at MPU for the facilities provided during his stay to study Malencgon’s collections. All authors also thank Jan W. Jongepier (Veseli nad Moravou, Czech Republic) for correcting the English manuscript. 75 References Antonin V. & Noordeloos M. E. (1997): A monograph of Marasmius, Collybia and related genera in Europe. Part 2: Collybia, Gymmopus, Rhodocollybia, Crinipellis, Chaetocalathus and additions to Marasmiellus. — Libri Botanici, vol. 17. IHW-Verlag. 256 pp. Bon M. (1999): Flore Mycologique d’Europe. 5. Les Collybio-Marasmioides. — Doc. Mycol., Mém. hors sér. 5: 1-171. Boudier E. (1900): Champignons nouveaux de France. — Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 16: 193-200. Hausknecht A. & Krisai-Greilhuber I. (2000): Riiblinge, Schwindlinge und verwandte Taxa in Ostésterreich. — Osterr. Z. Pilzk. 9: 31-66. Heinemann P. & Rammeloo J. (1985): De la mesure des spores et de son expression. — Agarica 6: 366-380. Holmgren P. K., Holmgren N. H. & Barnett L. C. (1990): Index herbariorum. Part I. The herbaria of the world. 8" ed. — New York Botanical Garden, New York. Kirk P. M. & Ansell A. E. (1992): Authors of fungal names. — Index of Fungi Suppl. C. A. B. International, Oxon. Kornerup A. & Wanscher J. H. (1973): Petit lexique des couleurs (ed. frang.). - Musterschmidt- Verlag. Ziirich-G6ttingen. 245 pp. Lonati G. (1986): Altri due miceti maroccani — Laziali. Marasmius dryophilus var. lanipes Malencon et Bertault. Hebeloma pallidum Malencgon. — Boll. Assoc. Micol. Ecol. Romana 5: 15-18. Malencon G. & Bertault R. (1975): Flore des champignons superieurs du Maroc, vol. II. — Fac. Sci. Rabat. 540 pp. Moreno G., Esteve-Raventos F. & Ilana C. (1990): Estudios micoldgicos en el parque natural de Monfragiie y otras zonas de Extremadura (Espafia), IV. Agaricales. — Bol. Soc. Micol. Madrid 14: 115-142. Ortega A., Vizoso M. T. & Contu M. (1991): Notas sobre la micoflora xero-termofila y sabulicola de Andalucia (primera parte). - Doc. Mycol. 16 (82): 14-42. qe a4 " He: br ley is ae Ene hig are ty Miro Hf bas! We oe ai! is ‘Ry: eh rd baa 7 ae sh a ) ue 4 ee , ol ; Any hy, tang. ae eitiatls Liiva et “ian Wid. aN, Mh, Bch) Mea ; aint 1 Oe One Tih he AMR tM Riba yop ge as Ay ea ethyl ds . 4 (fs rae wae f He es, sctiell y ne ma argo ite baat : : Face, Se he | on). abe ta + Aa vs v4 wont . w bel pen ‘i it ae: ol / , Br dp leks bea 5) naka bte fe pen hl nel : bey » alec seas 2 pubic ore aed a) ice ‘ibis i hear itr Pa, fas . | Bae. £5 Rh Saar FA Te CS a cn Fee ree, ‘yi ne , ‘Ab ts ; . SGAcayA i fis ae ¥ BPO. 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Se =a * iN any eile rie : Py ° pe Yt opeay a y At ' ; ‘J ¥ Ys ert, eth vy : : o : : \ r Oy el foe ae , ee 7 r y 7 - } 4 i Pie ' ‘ : Baldy SEE hy cian Aa feeniiewtae GES Leo isthe tec aera he ~~ are y oe ee Soa J ce ; ‘ mee Pee > Se. ADL) samt : a, fay 0 He Lt a ee te sie yy’ ie lee ee + MYCOTAXON Volume LXXXV, pp. 77-79 January-March 2003 PHALLUS PYGMAEUS, A NEW MINUTE SPECIES FROM A BRAZILIAN TROPICAL RAIN FOREST IURI GOULART BASEIA!, 2TATIANA BAPTISTA GIBERTONI & 3LEONOR COSTA MAIA Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Ciéncias Biolégicas Departamento de Micologia, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 Cidade Universitaria, 50670-901, Recife - PE, Brazil libaseia@bol.com.br, *tbgibertoni@hotmail.com, *leonoremaia@hotmail.com ABSTRACT - Phallus pygmaeus, a remarkable new species fundamentally characterized by its basidiomata not exceeding 10 mm high, smooth surface of the dark pileus and lignicolous habitat, is described and illustrated. KEYWORDS - Neotropics, Phallales, gasteromycetes, taxonomy INTRODUCTION Recent collecting activities in Northeastern Brazil have revealed a rich macromycete biota (Gibertoni & Cavalcanti 2000; Baseia & Galvao 2002; Baseia & Milanez 2002). Ongoing taxonomic studies in this poorly explored neotropical region allowed the discovering of a new and interesting phalloid. According to Kreisel (1996), in a preliminary survey of the genus Phallus Pers. sensu lato, 31 species were accepted; from those 3 were limited to the New World, 18 to the Old World, and 10 were known from both hemispheres, although in a few cases the apparent wide distribution may be due to introduction by man. The most important morphological criteria for the infrageneric taxonomy of Phallus are the shape and surface configuration of the pileus, coloration of the receptacle and volva, and the size of the basidiomata (Ventenat 1798, Lloyd 1909, Dring & Rose 1976, Kreisel 1996). MATERIALS AND METHODS Collecting expeditions to the Gurjau Ecological Station, a remnant of the Atlantic rain forest, located in the State of Pernambuco (8°21'30°’- 8°12'00” S and 31°56'30’’- 35°45’30”’ W), were conducted during June 2002. Basidiomata were examined in the field for their fresh characteristics. Colors were coded according to Kornerup & Wanscher (1978; KW’ code noted in parenthesis) and described subjectively. Basidiomata were dried slowly over a stove and placed in containers with naphthalene to prevent spoilage in the excessively humid conditions. In addition, some basidiomata were pickled fresh in FAA. Microscopic anatomical details were determined from dried and pickled specimens with a Zeiss microscope with bright field and phase contrast optics. 78 Features were observed in 3% KOH and Melzer’s reagent. A total of 30 spores were measured from the holotype and subsequent collection. The material was preserved at the Herbarium Father Camille Torrend (URM). TAXONOMIC SECTION Phallus pygmaeus Baseia sp. nov. Figs 1-2 Ovo subgloboso, 2-3 mm diametro, epigeae, colore superius olivacea brunnea, inferius aureo albo, mycelli filamentis robustis; stipite cylindrico, reticulato, colore albo, 5-10 mm alto, 1-2 mm lato; pileo campanulato, apice cum orificio, superficie gleba gelatinosa, laevi, olivacea brunnea; sporis ellipsoideis, laevis, 3-4 x 1-1,5 um, hyalinis. Carnis putridae odore. Ad lignum putridum. Holotypus: Brasil, Pernambuco, Gurjau, 28/V1I/2002, leg. I. G. Baseia and T. B. Gibertoni, in Herb. URM ne 77078 conservatus est.; isotypus: URM ne 77079. Egg subglobose, 2-3 mm diam., epigeal, olive brown (KW 4F4) at its apex, yellowish white (KW 4A2) at the lower part, mycelial cord strong; stipe cylindrical, reticulate, not pigmented, 5-10 mm high, 1-2 mm wide; pileus campanulate, apex perforate, glebal surface gelatinose, smooth, olive (KW IF5); spores ellipsoid, smooth, 3-4 x 1-1.5 um, hyaline. Beef cattle smell. The epithet ‘pygmaeus’ refers to the very small basidiomata of this species. Material studied: the holotype and isotype. Habitat: groups on rotten woody. Distribution: Brazil, State of Pernambuco. Remarks: Gaudichaud (1827) described Sophronia brasiliensis Gaudich., which subsequently was considered a synonym of Phallus indusiatus Vent. Pers. Later, Moller (1895) described four new Brazilian phalloid species: Aporophallus subtilis A. Moeller (=Phallus subtilis (A. Moller) Lloyd), [tajahya glutinolens A. Moller (=P. glutinolens (A. Moller) O. Kuntze), /. galericulata A. Moller (=P. galericulatus (A. Moller) Kreisel) and Dictyophora callichroa today considered as P. callichrous (A. Moller) Lloyd. Since then, no new species of Phallus have been described from Brazil. Phallus pygmaeus is usually easy to distinguish on account of its small basidiomata, nature of the dark pileus and lignicolous habitat. This new species recalls P. impudicus L.: Pers. in shape, color and spore size, differing, however, in the following characteristics: basidiomata not exceeding 10 mm high, and smooth surface of the pileus. According to Kreisel (1996), the genus Phallus is divided in 5 subgenera: Aporophallus (A. Moller) Kreisel, Jtajahya (A. Moller) Kreisel, Endophallus (M. Zang & R. H. Petersen) Kreisel, Satyrus (Bosc) Kreisel, and Phallus. Members of the subgenus Phallus have a campanulate pileus with perforate apex and yellow pigments, characteristics observed in P. pygmaeus. However, this taxon also possesses some common characteristics with subgenus Aporophallus, such as a campanulate pileus with a smooth surface; indusium absent and receptacle without pigments. It differs from subgenus Aporophallus by having an apical pore in the pileus. Following the 19 subgeneric concepts of Kreisel (1996), P. pygmaeus forms an interesting link between subgenus Phallus and subgenus Aporophallus. Figs 1-2 Phallus pygmaeus: |. mature and immature basidiomata; 2. basidiospores ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We acknowledge the support from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnolégico (CNPq). Thanks to Dr. Francisco Calonge and Dr. Paul Kirk for critically reviewing the manuscript. REFERENCES Baseia, I. G. & Galvao, T. C. O. 2002. Some interesting Gasteromycetes (Basidiomycota) in dry areas from northeastern Brazil. Acta Bot. Bras. 16(1): 1-8. Baseia, I. G. & Milanez, A. I. 2002. Geastrum setiferum (Gasteromycetes): a new species with a setose endoperidium. Mycotaxon 84: (in press). Dring, D. M. & Rose, A. C. 1976. Additions to West African Phalloid Fungi. Kew Bull. 31 (3): 741-751. Gaudichaud, C. B. 1827. Voyage Monde, Uranie Physicienne, Bot.: 179. Gibertoni, T. B. & Cavalcanti, M. A. Q. 2000. Novos registros de Aphyllophorales para o Brasil. Acta Bot. Bras. 14(3): 267-271. Komerup, A. & Wanscher, J. 1978. Methuen Handbook of Colour, 3" ed., Methuen, London, 252 pp. Kreisel, H. 1996. A preliminary survey of the genus Phallus sensu lato. Czech Mycol. 48: 273- 281. Lloyd, C. G. 1909. Synopsis of the known Phalloids. Bull. Lloyd Library no. 13: 1-96. Moller, A. 1895. Brasilische Pilzblumen. Jena. 152 pp. Ventenat, E. P. 1798. Dissertation sur le genre Phallus. Mém. Inst. Nat. Sci. Arts. Sci. Math. Phys. 1: 503-52 ne ‘ie ah ae of * aie ide Me Rien’ ne relent anaeet ee eee: ae ae inaaaesiat vet Sarehogt ast Aiba Aone it aa 1a ies Si Uae gel eT AUN Eyal hahaciag miei ae poet . bs , pena Rep f oe | eb yy si i an i raat ; ' or ; “ a : F Pe want wo ; tall ret y A Ra nai ily elie sa } ar ean OUT eae ang geo i i ne ba siatt pita Lonseyeprin adit t ‘ a a a ee, eg eal ae ag) a, OE om ‘ y q K. ye Md a ie a yu ? mis iy 7 Ae Lee ane mrs fare MYCOTAXON Volume LXXXV, pp. 81-84 January-March 2003 PARACERATOCLADIUM POLYSETOSUM, A NEW RECORD FROM BRAZIL LUIS FERNANDO PASCHOLATI GUSMAO Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana —- UEFS Departamento de Ciéncias Bioldgicas KMO03 BR116, 44.031-460 Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil (lgusmao@uefs.br) and FABIO FERNANDES BARBOSA Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA Instituto de Biologia Rua Baréo de Geremoabo, s/n, Ondina, 40.170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil ABSTRACT Paraceratocladium polysetosum has dark brown setae, monophialidic conidiogenous cells and hyaline, septate conidia. Brazilian material of this species differs in having polyphialidic conidiogenous cells. P. polysetosum from Brazil is illustrated, described, and compared with other Paraceratocladium species. Geographical distribution data is included. Key words: Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes, mitosporic fungus, taxonomy INTRODUCTION During a survey of mitosporic fungi associated with leaf litter of native plants of “restinga” vegetation at the “Area de Prote¢ao Ambiental (APA) das Lagoas e Dunas do Abaeté”, Salvador, State of Bahia, the fungus Paraceratocladium polysetosum Castafieda was found. The genus Paraceratocladium was erected by Castafieda (1987) and to date five species have been described: P. silvestre Castafieda (type species) and P. polysetosum Castafieda (Castafieda 1987), P. triseptata Dulymamode, W. Wu & Peerally (Dulymamode et ai. 1998), P. malaysianum Goh & Hyde (Goh & Hyde 2000), and P. seychellarum Whitton, McKenzie & K.D. Hyde (Whitton et al. 2001). The criteria used to delimit the genus are presence of simple or branched setae, monophialidic or polyphialidic conidiogenous cells, and ovoid, ellipsoid or narrowly ellipsoid, cylindrical, acicular or falcate, 0-3-septate, hyaline conidia. Both P. triseptata and P. seychellarum have been described with polyphialidic conidiogenous cells. The 82 Brazilian fungus also-has polyphialidic conidiogenous cells and thus differs from P. polysetosum as described by Castafieda (1987). A morphological comparison and distribution data for all species are presented in table 1. Paraceratocladium polysetosum Castafieda, Fungi Cubenses II. INIFAT, Habana, Cuba: 9. 1987. (Fig. 1-6) Setae solitary, erect, straight or flexuous, acerose, branched, septate, smooth, dark brown at the base and brown at apex, 185-300 x 5-8um; branches 29-86 x 2-3um; conidiophores irregulary branched, micronematous, arising on the surface of the setae and branches, smooth, pale brown; conidiogenous cells monophialidic or polyphialidic, usually intercalary, discrete, lageniform, smooth, pale brown 5-12 x 4.5-6.5um; collarette 1.5-2.5 x 2-2.5um; conidia solitary, aggregating in slimy masses, cylindric, base obtuse, apex slightly swollen, 1-septate, smooth, hyaline, 13.5-18 x 1.5-2.5um. Material examined: on dead leaves of Manilkara salzmanii (DC.) H.J. Lam. (Sapotaceae), BRAZIL, Bahia, APA das Lagoas e Dunas do Abaeté, F.F. Barbosa, 3. V. 2002, HUEFS 56647. (permanent slides). The Brazilian material has smaller setae and slightly longer conidia than those described in the literature. Castafieda (1987) described setae of P. polysetosum as up to 450um in length x 9-1241m wide at the base, and conidia as 14-17 x 2m. However, this variation is probably influenced by the substrate or environmental conditions. The Brazilian material was collected from fragments of leaf litter put in damp chambers. P. polysetosum was unique species present in all fragments suggesting that this fungus is the most important species colonizing and decomposing leaf litter of Manilkara salzmanii. Table 1. Morphological comparison and geographical distribution of Paraceratocladium species. Species Setae Conidiogenous Conidia Distribution cells shape size (tm) P. malaysianum _ simple monophialidic acerose 40-46 x 1.5-2 Malaysia P. polysetosum branched Hoy Maen et cylindric 13.5-18 x 1.5-2.5 Cuba, Brazil polyphialidic P. seychellarum branched On op Eu icig, ovoid 3-512. x 12-15" Seychelles polyphialidic China, Cuba, P. silvestre simple monophialidic acicular 21-30 x 1-2 Hone Kone. Malaysia, Mauritius P. triseptatum simple polyphialidic acerose 28-34x 1.5-2.5 Mauritius Fig. 1-6. Paraceratocladium polysetosum. Fig.l. Branched setae with entwined conidiophore. Fig. 2. Monophialidic conidiogenous cell. Figs 3-5. Polyphialidic conidiogenous cells. Fig. 6. Conidia. Bars: Fig. 1 = 50um, Figs 2-5 = 10pm. 84 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors wish to thank Dr Eric McKenzie, Landcare Research, New Zealand for critical rewiew of this paper. REFERENCES CASTANEDA RUIZ, R.F. 1987. Fungi Cubenses II. Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical “Alejandro de Humboldt“. Habana. 22pp. . DULYMAMODE, R., WU, W. & PEERALLY, A. 1998. Three new Hyphomycetes on Pandanus leaves from Mauritius. Mycoscience 39: 285-291. GOH, T.K. & HYDE, K.D. 2000. Paraceratocladium malaysianum sp. nov. from submerged wood in Malaysia, and a key to the genus. Nova Hedwigia 71: 95-100. WHITTON, S.R., McKENZIE, E.H.C. & HYDE, K.D. 2001. Microfungi on the Pandanaceae: Paraceratocladium seychellarum sp. nov. and a review of the genus. Fungal Diversity 7: 175-180. MY COTAXON Volume LXXXV, pp. 85-89 January-March 2003 BIOSYSTEMATICS OF THE MYXOMYCETES DIDYMIUM SQUAMULOSUM, PHYSARUM COMPRESSUM, AND PHYSARUM MELLEUM: ADDITIONAL ISOLATES JIM CLARK Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 STEVEN L. STEPHENSON Department of Biology, Fairmont State College, Fairmont, WV 26554 Abstract: Twenty-four isolates of Didymium squamulosum, 18 isolates of Physarum compressum, and two isolates of Physarum melleum were cultured and their reproductive system determined. These isolates are additions to the 85 isolates (33 D. squamulosum, 33 P. compressum, and 19 P. melleum) that have been studied previously. Eleven of the 24 D. squamu/osum isolates were nonheterothallic and presumptive apomictics, while the remaining 13 isolates belonged to three new biological species: A4 (three isolates from Costa Rica, sympatric with the Al and A2 biological species), A5 (one isolate from Mexico), and Aé6 (one isolate from Thailand, two isolates from New Zealand, and six isolates from Australia). Seventeen of the P. compressum isolates were nonheterothallic, with the remaining isolate from Costa Rica (CR 18) being compatible with the previously determined A1 biological species isolated from the Canary Islands. Both of the P. me//eum isolates were nonheterothallic. These results confirm and extend the conclusions derived from earlier studies. The D. sguamulosum morphospecies, which consists of two overlapping morphotypes, appears to be an extremely complicated species complex consisting of numerous geographically restricted sympatric and allopatric biological species and many apomictic lines. The biological species are usually, but not always, confined to one of the morphotypes. On the other hand, the P. compressum morphospecies seems to be a species complex consisting of a single uncommon but widespread biological species and countless apomictic lines with relatively minor morphological variations. The Physarum melleum morphospecies is probably similar to P. compressum, although to date no heterothallic isolates have been reported. Key Words: apomixis, biological species, heterothallism INTRODUCTION The taxonomy of the myxomycetes, at present, is based almost entirely on the morphology of the fruiting body and the use of the typological species concept (i.e., a particular species consists of individuals conforming to a constant morphological form that varies only within narrow boundaries). However, myxomycetes have a fairly restricted suite of morphological characters, and the discrete gaps between species necessary for the typological concept to be applied are often not present (Clark 2000). This, combined with the fact that many named species are variable and cosmopolitan and most of the rest are rare and of restricted distribution, has resulted in a rather muddled taxonomic situation that needs to be improved by introducing a more natural system based on experimental studies. The myxomycete morphospecies Didymium squamulosum (Alb. & Schwein.) Fr., Physarum compressum Alb. & Schwein., and Physarum melleum (Berk. & Broome) Massee recently have been subjected to biosystematic studies (El Hage et al. 2000, Irawan et al. 2000, Clark and Stephenson 2000); however, the availability of additional isolates allows us to confirm and extend these previous studies. Didymium squamulosum has been reported to be a morphologically variable complex 86 consisting of several biological species and numerous variable apomictic lines (El Hage et al. 2000), P. compressum has been reported to have little morphological variability and apparently consists of a single biological species with many closely related apomictic lines (Irawan et al. 2000), and P. melleum has been reported as consisting of numerous apomictic lines with relatively minor morphological variations (Clark and Stephenson 2000). Therefore, in an attempt to confirm these earlier observations and to produce a more solid foundation for an experimentally based taxonomy, additional isolates of these species were obtained and studied. These and other similar experimental studies may provide the necessary basis for a reevaluation of myxomycete taxonomy so that the present system can be replaced with a more natural system. MATERIALS AND METHODS The twenty-four isolates of Didymium squamulosum, 18 isolates of Physarum compressum and two isolates of Physarum melleum examined in this study were derived from moist chamber cultures, soil cultures or from field collections (TABLE I). Standard cultural and genetic procedures were used throughout the study (Clark 1995). In brief, plasmodia were grown on water agar (16 g plain agar per L of distilled water) and fed sterilized rolled oat flakes, and amoebae were grown on CM/2 agar (8 g corn meal agar and 8 g of plain agar per L of distilled water) with a film of sterile distilled water. Clonal amoebal populations were derived from isolated single spores or single amoebae. When the clonal amoebal populations produced plasmodia by themselves, they were classified as nonheterothallic, but when they required clonal mixing to produce plasmodia, they were considered heterothallic. Tester clones representing the two mating types from each heterothallic isolate were then crossed in all possible pair-wise combinations to determine multiple alleles (plasmodia produced in cross combinations with several different mating types) and biological species (plasmodia not produced in crosses between mating types of different isolates). TABLE I Isolates and their origin Isolates’ Location Collection? Substrate Didymium squamulosum: Aust 1 Cape Tribulation, Queensland* Stephenson 14962 aerial litter Aust 2 Cape Tribulation, Queensland Stephenson 14963 aerial litter Aust 3 Cape Tribulation, Queensland Stephenson 14964 aerial litter Aust 4 Cape Tribulation, Queensland Stephenson 14965 aerial litter Aust 5 Cape Tribulation, Queensland Stephenson 14966 _ aerial litter Aust 6 Cape Tribulation, Queensland Stephenson 14967 __ aerial litter Aust 7 Cape Tribulation, Queensland | Stephenson 14968 aerial litter Aust 8 Cape Tribulation, Queensland Stephenson 14972 __ aerial litter Aust 9 Cape Tribulation, Queensland Stephenson 14982 _ aerial litter Aust 10 Cape Tribulation, Queensland Stephenson 14989A aerial litter GRe29 Monteverde Reserve* Clark mc Heliconia leaf litter CR 30 Monteverde Reserve Clark mc Heliconia \eaf litter GR Monteverde Reserve Clark mc Heliconia \eaf litter CR 32 Monteverde Reserve Clark me Heliconia leaf litter Chos5 Monteverde Reserve Stephenson 12723 Heliconia \eaf litter CR 34 Culture contaminant Stephenson 14628 Ha 1 Kipuka Puaulu Bird Park’ Landolt soil culture Mex 1 E] Edén, Quintana Rod Schnittler 16289 epiphyllic liter NZ 1 Mill Bay, Auckland® Stephenson 14480 palm frond Naz Mill Bay, Auckland Stephenson 14487 __ palm frond Ore 1 Oregon Landolt epiphytic soil culture Tenn1 Cosby CG, GSMNP* Stephenson 11706 __ old straw bale Thai | Kanchanaburi Falls Stephenson 9149 forest floor litter 87 Trin | Trinidad Clark mc Heliconia \eaf litter Physarum compresum: Aust | Daintree National Park’ Stephenson 14516 _ aerial inflorescence Aust 2 Daintree National Park Stephenson 14625 aerial inflorescence Aust 3 Cape Tribulation, Queensland Stephenson 14973 _aerial litter Aust 4 Cape Tribulation, Queensland Stephenson 14984 _ aerial litter Aust 5 Cape Tribulation, Queensland Stephenson 14989B aerial litter Aust 6 Daintree National Park Stephenson 14990 _aerial inflorescence CR 3 Costa Rica Clark mc DelMonte banana peel CR 4 Costa Rica Clark mc Chiquita banana peel CR 18 Monteverde Reserve Clark mc Heliconia leaf liter Col | Columbia Clark mc Turbana banana peel ECUBC Ecuador Clark mc Bonita banana peel Ecu 6 Ecuador Clark mc Bonita banana peel Gua | Guatemala Clark me DelMonte banana peel Guy 2 Guyana Landolt soil culture Idn 3 Donayan/Kediri East Java Clark mc banana leaf litter PR4 Puerto Rico Clark mc forest floor litter Tenn | Cosby CG, GSMNP Stephenson 11704 litter WV | Harrison Co., West Virginia Stephenson 11731 old field litter Physarum melleum: Mex 1 El Edén, Quinitana Ro6é Stephenson 12626 palm aerial liter SC 1 Bishopville, South Carolina Stephenson 12289 dead leaf * Isolates = Letters indicate country or state of origin: Aust for Australia, CR for Costa Rica, Col for Columbia, Ecu for Ecuador, Gua for Guatemala, Guy for Guyana, Ha for Hawaii, Idn for Indonesia, Mex for Mexico, NZ for New Zealand, PR for Puerto Rico, SC for South Carolina, Tenn for Tennessee, Thai for Thailand, Trin for Trinidad, and WV for West Virginia. » Collection = Clark mc for moist chamber culture by Clark, Landolt for soil culture by Landolt, and herbarium specimens supplied by Stephenson or Schnittler. ° Cape Tribulation, Northern Queensland, Australia, aerial litter collected with a canopy crane. 4 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve in Costa Rica. © Sporangia developed on litter collected in Australia, but the biological species is typical of Costa Rica and is most likely the results of cross contamination during moist chamber development. "Kipuka Puaulu Bird Park in Hawaii Vocanoes National Park. ® Mill Bay west of Auckland, New Zealand. " Cosby Campground, Great Smoky Mountains National Park. '‘ Ecolodge near Daintree National Park, Northern Queensland, Australia. RESULTS Reproductive systems Didymium squamulosum isolates Aust 3, Aust 6, Aust 7, Aust 9, CR 31,CR 32, CR 33, Ha 1, Ore 1, Tenn 1, and Trin 1 were found to be nonheterothallic. The 13 remaining D. squamulosum isolates were heterothallic and members of three different biological species. The CR 29, CR 30 and CR 34 isolates defined the A4 biological species and displayed six mating type alleles (A4! and A4?in CR 29, A4° and A4‘in CR 30, A4’ and A4° in CR 34). The lone Mex 1 isolate defined the AS biological species and displayed two mating types (A5'and AS’). The Thailand isolate, two New Zealand isolates, and six Australia isolates defined the A6 biological species, which displayed 12 mating types (Thai 1 = A6'and A6?, NZ 1 = A6*and A6*, NZ 2= A6’, Aust 1 = A6’and A6*, Aust 2 = A6’and A6"”, Aust 4 = A6°and A6°, Aust 5 = A6’, Aust 8 = A6® and A6'', Aust 10 = A6* and 88 A6'”) with the NZ 2 and Aust 5 isolates containing only a single mating type. Of the 18 Physarum compressum isolates, seventeen were nonheterothallic (Aust 1, Aust 2, Aust 3, Aust 4, Aust 5, Aust 6, CR 3, CR 4, Col 1, Ecu3c, Ecu 6, Gua 1, Guy 1, Idn 3, PR 4, Tenn 1, and WV 1), with CR 18 the lone heterothallic isolate. CR 18 displayed two mating types (A1°and A1*) that were compatible with the previously identified Al biological species defined by the CI 1 isolate from the Canary Islands, which carried the Al'and Al’ mating type alleles. Both Physarum melleum isolates (Mex 1, SC 1) were nonheterothallic. Morphology The morphology of the Didymium squamulosum isolates in this study conforms to the results of the earlier study (El Hage et al. 2000) in that they fall into two overlapping morphotypes: type 1 = fairly tall limy stalks and rugose peridial lime; type 2 = short limeless (in culture) stalks and fairly smooth thin peridial lime. Isolates Aust 1, Aust 6, CR 29, CR 30, and Ore 1 are type 1; isolates Aust 2, Aust 3, Aust 4, Aust 5, Aust 6, Aust 7, Aust 8. Aust 9, Aust 10, NZ 1, Thai 1, and Trin 1 are intermediate but with type | tendencies (low levels of lime on the stalk); isolates Mex 1, NZ 2, and CR 33 are intermediate but with type 2 tendencies; and isolates CR 31 CR 32, and CR 34 are type 2. The variations in the Physarum compressum isolates also matched those noted in earlier studies (Irawan et al. 2000), with some isolates displaying short stalks (CR 18 and Col 1), sporangial clustering (CR 3 and WV 1), and a sporotheca shape varying from the description (long-stalked sporangia with a single napiform sporotheca) provided in Martin and Alexopolous (1969). Sporothecae were mostly reniform in this group of isolates, with a few allantoid (Col 1, Ecu 3c, and Idn 3) or napiform (CR 3, Gua 1, and PR 4) isolates. The Guy 2 isolate, which was tentatively placed in this species, had very poorly developed sporangia and its morphology could not be determined adequately. The Physarum melleum isolates were typical of the morphospecies, with the exception of the Mex | isolate, which had yellowish-orange instead of the normal orange colored peridial lime deposits. DISCUSSION The study of these additional isolates supports and extends the results of previous papers (El Hage et al. 2000, Irawan et al. 2000, Clark and Stephenson 2000). Additional sympatric and allopatric biological species were added to the already intricate complex known to exist for Didymium squamulosum (El Hage et al. 2000). The recovery of one and the same biological species from Australia, New Zealand, and Thailand is very different from the situation in Central America, where there seem to be a number of small sympatric biological species. This morphospecies apparently consists of two genetically and morphologically overlapping complexes, each of which consists of several biological species and numerous apomictic lines. One of these complexes generally conforms to the central core of the D. sguamulosum description (Martin and Alexopoulos 1969), while the other resembles Didymium dictyopodium Nann.-Brem. & Yamam., as delimitated by Matsumoto (1999). Although these two complexes are not completely separated from each other, they are probably different enough to be considered distinct taxa from a practical point of view. However, the ten or so rare, recently described (see El Hage et al. 2000) species that differ from D. sgumulosum in one or two characters (e.g., spore ornamentation and stalk color or lime) are likely to be local variants unworthy of species rank unless they can verified by cultural studies. The discovery of a second heterothallic isolate in the generally low genetically and morphologically variable Physarum compressum complex supports the conclusion that this morphospecies is a coherent taxon consisting ofa biological species core and numerous similar apomictic lines. However, the consistent occurrence of isolates with clustered sporangia indicates that the Physarum nicaraguense Macbr. morphospecies is not a supportable taxon. The Guy 2 isolate, which had been tentatively placed in the P. compressum complex, is probably related to Physarum gyrosum Rost., since it is very similar to the Guy | that was found to be a specimen of P. gyrosum on the basis of isozyme studies (Irawan et al. 2000). The two new Physarum melleum isolates support the idea that this morphospecies is a complex of similar (peridial lime color is the major observed variation) apomictic lines. However, further studies may find a basal biological species, from which the lines are derived, a situation comparable to that found in P. compressum. 89 This paper, other studies on these three taxa (El Hage et al. 2000, Irawan et al. 2000, Clark and Stephenson 2000), and an examination of the literature (Clark 1995, Clark 2000) indicate that most morphospecies, examined to date, consist ofa core of sexually reproducing heterothallic strains and a swarm of nonheterothallic clonal lines. Also, the sexual strains of a species may belong to a single biological species (Haskins et al. 2000), or they may be divided into a number of reproductively isolated sibling species that may be allopatrically (Clark and Stephenson 1990) or sympatrically (El Hage et al. 2000) distributed. Together, these variations produce a complex set of reproductive possibilities that, when combined with morphological variations, produce extremely messy species complexes. Therefore, the delimitation of true taxa in this group, on the basis of morphology alone, is rather problematic, and the description of a new species should not be undertaken without extensive studies. Special care should be taken to avoid the naming of rare species that differ from a widespread taxon in one or only a few characters, since these will very likely turn out to be variant local apomictic lines not deserving of a separate taxonomic description. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Weare grateful to Mr. B. Irawan, Ms. D. Black, and Drs. J. Landolt, M. Schnittler and N. McLetchie for providing material that produced some of the cultures used in these studies. This work was supported in part by a grant (DEB-9705464) from the National Science Foundation to SLS.. LITERATURE CITED Clark J. 1995. Myxomycete reproductive systems: additional information. Mycologia 87: 779-786. Clark J. 2000. The species problem in the Myxomycetes. Stapfia 73: 39-53. Clark J, Stephenson SL. 1990. Didymium iridis reproductive systems: new additions. Mycologia 82: 274-276. Clark J, Stephenson SL. 2000. Biosystematics of the myxomycete Physarum melleum. Nova Hedwigia 71: 161-164. El Hage N, Little C, Clark J, Stephenson SL. 2000. Biosytematics of the Didymium squamulosum complex. Mycologia 92: 54-64. Haskins E, McGuinness MD, Clark J. 2000. Heterothallic mating systems in the Echinosteliales II. Echinostelium coelocephalum. Mycologia 92: 1080-1084. Irawan B, Clark J, Stephenson SL. 2000. Biosystematics of the Physarum compressum morphospecies. Mycologia 92: 884-893. Martin GW, Alexopoulos CJ. 1969. The Myxomycetes. Univ. Iowa Press, Iowa City, lowa. 556 pp. Matsumoto J. 1999. Taxonomic study of the genus Didymium (Physarales, Myxomycetes). Ph.D. Dissertation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan. ee dea Nee oe PRR ; site sasinietes wba oye “aha We | hh Og A ER Ce Ae | | ee ge ea igh : De [cura eae ; i ie aren ae ra we, ae FA AY Aa cok Re pate Ae Nie we tay yids Ce is 4g a eM Lee pas Co tet, Asani GSMO, oy Vek Sera! tetra ae Ms Sawa woes idisacmnnehott oi : Uae tion eaten an ivoa ot ya Crissy pe oath ee os tae stent Tait kt ithe MATAR IT AO Cae eae eR WA haa ae ie he. A agra B tas) vg Asha pede or v tare ye ys nied nd | Ly Sule rire nt) oki sat ty ie: aA are ‘ACE MANER TAIN pra op shot Ay pay Nis eee, NG Pie ee At: yt) RRL) G, os Mey heh nnn te ay athe Ales AKG 1a NaN ed ‘aye al ee lena aR papaya. Finds a def) Ane ae PO att aaa ‘cua Nae ne tl eases Snete 6a: Coa ? Synl) Ly x ai aod, dayne Maal APD ec fake aiakenae li | ate ia ay dencenlge a oy bated ak a . . i py ate “ i ‘inal sMss get oe ges ee sila be beet pemesrnenn Pe NIB REO PRIN IMO RGIS, Ube Inte Marie ROT Ma A Ne ina ech bigger inigi wt kare” Ri. | io eae wy es ake ieee i" ere Aiea, Wiel seheepen tt Ayes 34 Cu ae Ae gui ‘ Uh a Ma es Sitedee a9, tae, a TS dint 9 Lanai a siesetende phar eg eigeak O88, 7 tS ey a ie) ailig iris ober Deane aN. SOT NED ‘a pohanyrtel oraaes eel ‘ | ERNE eT ine vie a Da ase ge “PHageabe teen le Sits cams | aaspapt acinar spi ea ; | i ‘ope ed ” “ike wa i hint ni Ince iiecr aah ah ne aa) vad fe ng! sea tiby ae: et “ a Price Peay ot es cu a i a va om) eee | ee ACT Me GT Peay on i ‘ dite a) coke a . ‘ ght < 4 7 mm long), branched, dark pileus hairs (Ryvarden and Johansen, 1980). Hexagonia hirta differs from H. apiaria in having smaller pores on the hymenial surface, and is distinct from H. hydnoides in having larger pores. 6. Megasporoporia cavernulosa (Berk.) Ryvarden, Mycotaxon 16: 174. 1982. Specimens examined. Taiwan. Taitung: Orchid Island, between nuclear waste storage and Tasenshan, alt. 100 m, on branch of angiosperm, coll. S.H. Wu, 29-IV-1997, Wu 9704-48 (TINM F8622). Green Island, Sleeping Beauty Rock, alt. 150 m, on branch of angiosperm, coll. S.Z. Chen, 9-IV-1998, Chen 783 (TNM F8884), Chen 784 (TNM F8885). Distribution. Widespread in tropical America and Africa (Gilbertson and Ryvarden, 1987), Taiwan. 7. Oxyporus corticola (Fr.) Ryvarden, Persoonia 7: 19. 1972. Specimen examined. Taiwan.Taichung: Kukuan, Malin, alt. 660 m, on bark of angiosperm, coll. C.Y. Chien, 8-VII-1996, Wu 9607-1 (TNM F5336, O). Distribution. Circumglobal (Gilbertson and Ryvarden, 1987). 8. Perenniporia isabellina (Pat. ex Sacc.) Ryvarden, Occas. Pap. Farlow Herb. Crypt. Bot. 18: 22. 1983. 3 Specimen examined. Taiwan. Kaohsiung: Liukuei, Shanping, alt. 750-780 m, on branch of angiosperm, coll. S.H. Wu, Wu 9312-63 (TNM F1566, 0). Distribution. Venezuela (type locality), Taiwan. 9. Polyporus dictyopus Mont., Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. II, 3: 349. 1835. Specimen examined. Taiwan. Ilan: Fushan Botanical Garden, alt. 600m, on rotten wood, coll. W.N. Chou, 21-IV-1994, CWN 00259 (TNM F1996). Distribution. Pantropical (Nufiez and Ryvarden, 1995). 10. Skeletocutis sensitiva (Lloyd) Ryvarden, Mycotaxon 44: 134. 1992. Specimen examined. Taiwan. Nantou: Lienhuachih, alt. 700 m, on branch of 105 angiosperm, coll. S.H. Wu, 13-VII-1997, Wu 9707-8 (TNM F9337, O). Distribution. Japan (type locality), Taiwan. 11.Theleporus calcicolor (Sacc. & Syd.) Ryvarden, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 73: 12. 1979. Specimens examined. Taiwan.Taitung: Orchid Island, on the way to Tienchih, alt. 100 m, on branch of angiosperm, coll. S.H. Wu & J.Y. Tseng, 1-V-1997, Wu 9705-29 (TNM F8752); alt. 200 m, on branch of angiosperm, coll. S.Z. Chen, 22-IV-1997, Chen 575 (TNM F8800, O); alt. 300 m, on branch of angiosperm, coll. S.Z. Chen, 15-VII-2000, Chen 994 (TNM F12005). Distribution. Paleotropical (Ryvarden and Johansen, 1980). Cultural description (PS-mycelium of Wu 9705-29). 1 wk growth: Colony radius 45-47 mm. Mat white. Advancing zone even. Aerial mycelium slightly pellicular. 2 wk growth: Plates covered. Mat white. Aerial mycelium pellicular, zonate. 6 wk growth: Mat white. Aerial mycelium pellicular, slightly felty toward plate margin, slightly zonate. No distinct odor. Agar unchanged. Fruiting. Hyphal system trimitic. Advancing hyphae colorless, 2-5 um diam., thin-walled, nodose-septate. Aerial generative hyphae colorless, 1.5-3 fm diam., generally thin-walled, occasionally slightly thick-walled, nodose-septate, moderately or sparsely branched. Aerial skeletal hyphae colorless, occasionally or rarely branched, 1-2.5 um diam., thick-walled, almost solid. Aerial capilliform hyphae colorless, branched, 0.2-0.5 tm diam. Cystidioles fusiform, occasionally with one or more lateral branches. Basidioles occasionally with one or more lateral branch. Branched hyphidia present. Basidia clavate or subclavate, sometimes with a median constriction, sometimes with a lateral branch, 4-sterigmate, 26-42 x 5.3-6.5 tum. Basidiospores ellipsoid, smooth, thin-walled, 5.7-7 x 3.2-4 um. The fertile features produced in the culture correspond with those in the basidiocarps fruiting in the nature. Submerged hyphae colorless, moderately branched, 2-5 um diam., thin- to slightly thick-walled, nodose-septate; thick-walled cystidia fairly common, subglobose to elongate-cylindrical, sometimes irregularly constricted, quite often with a stalked base, 15-100 x 7-12 um diam. Crystals present. See Fig. 2 for microscopic characters. Oxidase reactions. GAA: +++, 0; +++, 0. TAA: +44, tr; +14, tr. TyA: —, 79-84; —, 90+. Species code. 2a, 3c, 8, 13, 31g, 32, 36, 38, 42, 48, 54, 60, 61. Sexuality. Tetrapolar (A,B: 1, 10; A;Bz: 5,7; A2Bi: 3, 8; A2Bz: 2, 4, 6, 9) (Wu 9705-29). Nuclear behavior. Normal. Spores uninucleate, MS-mycelium monokaryotic, PS-mycelium dikaryotic (Wu 9705-29). 106 Qo § Fig. 2. Cultural features of Theleporus calcicolor (Wu 9705-29). A. Generative hyphae. B. Skeletal hyphae. C. Capilliform hyphae. D. Thick-walled cystidia. E. Branched hyphidia. F. Basidia. G. Basidiospores. Culture after 6 wk of growth on 1.5% MEA at 25°C. Scale bar=10 «wm. 107 12. Trametes pocas (Berk.) Ryvarden, Mycotaxon 20: 351. 1984. Specimen examined. Taiwan. Nantou: Huisun Forest Farm, alt. 700 m, on rotten trunk of angiosperm, coll. S.H. Wu, 4-1-1999 Wu 9901-18 (TNM F10249, O). Distribution. Japan (Ryvarden, 1984), Africa (Ryvarden and Johansen, 1980, as Trametes cfr. villosa), Taiwan. Cultural description (PS-mycelium of Wu 9901-18). 1 wk growth: Colony radius 25-33 mm. Mat white. Advancing zone uneven. Aerial mycelium absent, slightly pellicular towards growth margin. 2 wk growth: Colony radius 52-70 mm. Mat white. Advancing zone uneven. Aerial mycelium slightly pellicular, zonate. 3 wk growth: Plates partly covered. 6 wk growth: Plates covered. Mat white. Aerial mycelium slightly pellicular, slightly crustose, zonate. No distinct odor. Not fruiting. Agar unchanged. Hyphae system dimitic. Generative hyphae colorless, 1.5-4 ym diam., thin-walled, nodose-septate, moderately branched. Skeletal hyphae colorless, occasionally branched, 1-2 pm diam., thick-walled, almost solid. Cuboid crystals present. Oxidase reactions. GAA: +++, 0; +++, 0. TAA: +, 0; +, 0. TYA: —, 56-61; —, 90+. Species code. 2a, 3c, 8, 32, 36, 38, (43), 54, 60, 61. Sexuality. Tetrapolar (A,B,: 1; AiBz: 4, 5, 9; A2Bi: 2, 3, 6, 8; A2Bo: 7). Nuclear behavior. Normal. Spores uninucleate, MS-mycelium monokaryotic, PS-mycelium dikaryotic. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors are grateful to Dr. P. K. Buchanan for reviewing this paper. LITERATURE CITED Boidin, J. and P. Lanquetin. 1983. Basidiomycetes Aphyllophorales épithéloides étalés. Mycotaxon 16: 461-499. Gilbertson, R.L. and L. Ryvarden. 1987. North American polypores 2. Megasporoporia - Wrightoporia. Pp. 437-885. Fungiflora, Oslo. Nakasone, K.K. 1990. Cultural studies and identification of wood-inhabiting Corticiaceae and selected Hymenomycetes from North America. Mycol. Mem. 15: 1-412. Nobles, M.K. 1965. Identification of cultures of wood-inhabiting Hymenomycetes. Can. J. Bot. 43: 1097-1139. Nufiez, M. and L. Ryvarden. 1995. Polyporus (Basidiomycotina) and related genera. Synop. Fung. 10: 1-85. 108 Rajchenberg, M. 1992. Notas de Polyporaceae de Nueva Zelanda. 1. Acerca de Tyromyces catervatus y Poria hyalina. Boletin de la Sociedad Argentina de Botanica 28: 165-168. Ryvarden, L. 1984. Type studies in the Polyporaceae 16. Species described by J.M. Berkeley, either alone or with other mycologists from 1856 to 1886. Mycotaxon 20: 329-363. Ryvarden, L. 1989. Type studies in the Polyporaceae — 21. Species described by C.G. Lloyd in Cyclomyces, Daedalea, Favolus, Fomes and Hexagonia. Mycotaxon 35: 229-236. Ryvarden, L. and I. Johansen. 1980. A preliminary polypore flora of East Africa. Fungiflora, Oslo. 636 pp. Wu, S.H. 1996. Studies on Gloeocystidiellum sensu lato (Basidiomycotina) in Taiwan. Mycotaxon 58: 1-68. MYCOTAXON Volume LXXXV, pp. 109-130 January-March 2003 NEW SPECIES OF MARASMIUS (BASIDIOMYCETES, TRICHOLOMATACEAE) FROM TROPICAL AFRICA - I. SECT. EPIPHYLLI, FUSICYSTIDES, GLOBULARES, HYGROMETRICI AND NEOSESSILES VLADIMIR ANTONIN Moravian Museum, Dept. of Botany, Zelny trh 6, CZ-659 37 Brno, Czech Republic; e-mail: vantonin@mzm.cz Abstract Twelve new taxa (11 species and 1 variety) of the genus Marasmius s. str. (Basidiomycetes, Tricholomataceae) from tropical Africa are published. Six species (M. albidocremeus, M. camerunensis, M. lacteoides, M. muramwyanensis, M. kigwenensis, M. tshopoensis) belong to sect. Globulares, two species (and one variety) to sect. Hygrometrici (M. minutoides, M. minutoides var. angustisporus, M. nyikae), and one species each to sect. Epiphylli (M. foliiphilus), sect. Fusicystides (M. longicystidiatus) and sect. Neosessiles (M. _ bururiensis). Detailed macroscopic and microscopic description, drawings and a short discussion is given for each species. These studies represent a part of a larger taxonomic project dealing with African Marasmii. Key words: Agaricales, new taxa, taxonomy. Some years ago, I started intensive studies of African tropical species of the genus Marasmius s. str. My studies are based on both my own collections and herbarium specimens. The complete monograph will be published in a series “Flore illustrée des champignons d’Afrique centrale” edited by the National Botanical Garden in Meise (Brussels, Belgium). This paper represents the first part of descriptions of new taxa with short discussions only. The complete comments, as well as colour photographs, will be published in a prepared monograph. Microscopic features are described from examined material mounted in Melzer's reagent, Congo Red, and KOH. For the basidiospores the following factors are used: E (quotient of length and width in any one spore); Q (mean of E-values). 110 Marasmius albidocremeus Antonin sp. nov. Pileo 12-30 mm lato, late conico cum centro truncato vel obtuso, dein conico-applanato, cum centro obtuso vel applanato, striato-sulcato, hygrophano, albido vel pallide cremeo cum margine albido-luteolo-griseolo. Lamellis distantibus, L = 11-13, 1 = 2-3, adnatis, latis, ventricosis, cremeis, acie concolore. Stipite 50-90 x 0.5-1.25 mm, cylindraceo, non-insititio, glabro, apicem albido vel cremeo, ad basim aurantiaco-brunneo vel aurantiaco-aureo. Sporis 16.5-23 x 3.5-5.0 um, anguste clavatis vel sublacrymoideis, hyalinis, inamyloideis. Basidiis tetrasporis. Cheilocystidiis 10-31 x 6.0-11 um, clavatis, tenuitunicatis. Pleurocystidiis (21-)27-48 x (4.5-)6.5-12 tum, clavatis, fusiformibus vel subcylindraceis. Pileipellis hymeniformis, e cellulis clavatis vel pyriformibus, 15-26 x 8.0-13(-15), laevibus. Pileocystidiis et caulocystidiis absentibus. Hyphis dextrinoideis, fibulatis. Ad lignum putridum. HOLOTYPUS: Cameroon, area protecta biosphaerica Dja, Somalomo, 7. IV. 2001 leg. V. Antonin Cm01.27 (BRNM 666094) Pileus 12-30 mm broad, broadly conical with truncate to obtuse centre, then plano- conical and obtuse to applanate at centre, straight to uplifted at crenulate margin, except for rugulose centre, entirely distinctly striate-plicate, hygrophanous, translucent, whitish to pale cream (4A2-5A3) at centre, almost white when dried-out, yellowish grey (slightly paler than 4B2) towards margin. Lamellae distant, L = 11-13, | = 2-3, slightly emarginate and + adnate, ventricose, sometimes forming an adnexed false collarium, not intervenose, rather broad (up to 2.5 mm), cream, with concolorous edge. Stipe 50-90 x 0.5-1.25 mm, cylindrical, slightly broadened above, cylindrical to subclavate at base, glabrous, smooth, fistulose, whitish or creamy at apex, orange brown to (orange) golden (6C7, 6B-D8) at base, with pale ochraceous basal mycelium. Spores 16.5-23 x 3.5-5.0 um, E = 3.8-5.7, Q = 4.6, narrowly clavate, sublacrimoid, sometimes slightly curved, thin-walled, hyaline. Basidia 4-spored. Basidioles 12-29 x 3.0-8.0 um, cylindrical, clavate, subfusoid. Cheilocystidia 10-31 x 6.0-11 um, clavate, sometimes slightly irregular to lobate, smooth or with scattered projection(s), thin- walled. Pleurocystidia (21-)27-48 x (4.5-)6.5-12 um, clavate, fusoid, subcylindrical, obtuse to subrostrate, hyaline. Hyphae cylindrical, thin-walled, hyaline, up to 10 um wide. Pileipellis a hymeniderm, made up of 15-26 x 8.0-13(-15) um, clavate to pyriform, thin- to slightly thick-walled, smooth, rarely irregular or with single projection(s), subhyaline to pale yellowish cells. Stipitipellis a cutis, of cylindrical, parallel, slightly thick-walled, up to 5.0 um wide hyphae, with pale yellowish walls in KOH. Caulocystidia absent. Clamp-connections present in all tissues. Chemical reactions: Spores and hymenium non-dextrinoid; hyphae dextrinoid. Ecology: Single or in groups, on strongly decayed wood, in a Gilbertodendron dewevrei stand. Distribution: Known from two localities in Cameroon. Studied specimens from tropical Africa: Cameroon, Dja Biosphere Reserve, near Somalomo, 7 April 2001 leg. V. Antonin Cm01.27 (holotype, BRNM 666094) and 8 April 2001 leg. V. Antonin Cm01.51 (BRNM 666117). Marasmius albidocremeus is characterised by having a whitish or pale cream to dirty yellowish grey coloured pileus, a rather long and slender stipe, large narrowly clavate, sublacrymoid, sometimes slightly curved spores, and by the presence of clavate 111 cheilocystidia, clavate or fusoid pleurocystidia, and the absence of caulocystidia. It belongs to sect. Globulares Kiihner. Concerning species with well-developed pleurocystidia, Marasmius flavus Singer (holotype BR!) seems to be a close species; it differs only microscopically in having smaller spores (13.5-15 x 3.1-3.5 yum), longer basidioles 30-39 x 4.0-11 um, cheilocystidia (28.5-46 x 13-18.5 ym) and pleurocystidia [40-77 x 11-5-20(-23) pm]. fy Ws Marasmius albidocremeus (holotype): pileipellis cells (upper left), cheilocystidia (lower left). pleurocystidia (middle) and spores (right). Scale bar = 20 pm. Marasmius bururiensis Antonin sp. nov. Pileo 5-10 mm lato, conchafo, convexo, involuto, sulcato-striato, albido vel pallide luteolo-griseo, luteolo-griseo-brunneo vel griseo-luteolo, obscure brunneo vel nigro granuloso-spinoso. Lamellis distantibus, L = 6-10, 1 = O(-1), adnatis, albidis, acie concolore et subtiliter granulosa. Stipite brevi vel absente, eccentrico vel laterali, cylindraceo, subtiliter fibrilloso, apicem luteolo-albido, ad basim brunneolo-griseo. Sporis 9.0-12.5(-13.1) =< 5.0-7.0(-8.0) ym, ellipsoideis vel late ellipsoideis, hyalinis, inamyloideis. Basidiis tetrasporis. Cheilocystidiis 15.5-27.5 x 7.7-10 ym, clavatis vel late clavatis, in apice cum projectionibus wregularibus. Pleurocystidiis 30-48 = (6.0-) 7.5-13 ym, fusiformibus, rostratis, tenuitunicatis. Pileipellis hymeniformis, e cellulis clavatis vel vesiculosis, similibus cellulis hymenodermatis Marasmii rotalis, clavatis, subcylindraceis vel subfusiformibus, 9.2-23 = (5.4-)7.7-15.5 pm, crassitunicatis. Pileocystidiis infrequentibus vel absentibus, 22-26 < 5.5-6.0 ym, lageniformibus vel fusiformibus, tenuitunicatis. Caulocystidiis cylindraceis, clavatis vel subfusiformibus, usque 12 um latis. Hyphis dextrinoideis, fibulatis. Ad ramos putridos. HOLOTyYPUS: Burundi, prov. Bururi, vallis Siguyaye, 3. IL 1979 leg. J. Rammeloo 6509 (holotypus in herbario BR 11926-92 asservatur). Biz Pileus 5-10 mm broad, shell-shaped, strongly convex, involute, thin, distinctly sulcate- striate, very pale off-white to light beige, beige brown-grey to greyish-yellow (+ 4B3) with a tinge to yellowish white (4A2), striae slightly paler; covered by dark brown to - almost black, somewhat spiny granules, largest and closest each to other at the point of attachment. Lamellae distant, L = 6-10, 1 = 0(-1), adnate, rather thick, 1-1.5 mm broad, not intervenose to slightly intervenose, sometimes branched (old carpophore), slightly convex, off-white, edge whitish, granulose. Stipe very short to absent, eccentric to lateral, c. 3 x + 1 mm, + cylindrical, strongly curved, very shortly adpressed fibrillose, yellowish white above, brownish greyish to brown at base. Context without special smell. . Spores 9.0-12.5(-13.1) x 5.0-7.0(-8.0) um, E = 1.4-2.1, Q = 1.7-1.8, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled. Basidia 24-34.5 =< 9.0-13.0 um, 4-spored, clavate. Basidioles 15.5-31.5 x 2.5-12.5 um, clavate, cylindrical, subfusoid. Cheilocystidia in form of broom cells, 15.5-27.5 x 7.7-10 um, clavate to broadly clavate, entirely thin- walled, rarely slightly thick-walled in upper part, (sub)hyaline; projections irregular, + cylindrical, nodulose or coralloid, slightly thick-walled, up to 11.5 x 3.8 um; similar but smooth cells rarely present among broom-cell cheilocystidia. Pleurocystidia distinct or indistinct, 30-48 x (6.0-)7.5-13 um, fusoid, often rostrate, obtuse, rarely subacute, thin- walled, not incrusted, sometimes they seem to be slightly mucronate at apex. Hyphae cylindrical, smooth, + hyaline, up to 10 um wide, slightly brown pigmented or incrusted in subpileipellis; often slightly thick-walled, often inflated near septum, up to 10(-16) um wide in stipe medulla. Pileipellis a hymeniderm, made up of broom cells of the Siccus-type, 9.2-23 x (5.4-)7.7-15.5 jm, clavate to vesiculose, less frequently subcylindrical, slightly to distinctly thick-walled (especially in upper part), basal part sometimes thin-walled, hyaline to brown in KOH; projections digitate, obtuse to subacute, often irregular or nodulose, up to 7.5 x 2.5 um. Stipitipellis a cutis, of parallel, slightly thick-walled, smooth or incrusted, up to 7.0 um wide hyphae. Caulo- cystidia (terminal cells) adpressed to often (sub)erect, often forming groups of clavate, cylindrical or subfusoid, thin-walled, obtuse, up to 12 um wide cells. Clamp- connections present in all tissues. Chemical reactions: Spores non-dextrinoid and inamyloid, pileipellis cells, lamellae and pileus context hyphae non-dextrinoid, stipitipellis and stipe medulla hyphae slightly dextrinoid. Ecology: Gregarious, growing on dead twigs in a montane rainforest and in a gallery forest. Distribution: Known from Burundi and:Cameroon. Studied specimens from tropical Africa: Burundi, T. Muramvya prov., Teza, 22 Dec. 1978 leg. J. Rammeloo 6241 (BR 11916-82). — Bururi prov., Siguyaye valley, W from Mutambara-Bururi road, 3 Feb. 1979 leg. J. Rammeloo 6509 (holotype, BR 11926-92). — Cameroon, Korup Forest Reserve, Mundemba, 27 Jan. 1989 leg. R. Watling (E). Marasmius bururiensis is characterised by having a rather beige brown-grey to greyish-yellow, sulcate and spiny-granulose pileus, distant lamellae, very short to absent stipe, rather broad spores, and by the presence of cheilo- and pleurocystidia. It belongs to sect. Neosessiles Singer. Only five species of this section have some hyphae dextrinoid. Marasmius neosessilis Singer has a different pileus colour, smaller spores (7-10 x 3.3-4.8 jum), and smaller pileipellis cells (Pegler 1977, Singer 1976); M. griseoroseus (Mont.) Dennis has a different pileus colour and larger and narrower spores [(9.5-)11.5-14.5 x 2.2-4.0 um according to Singer 1976; 13-15.5 x 3.5-4.0 um according to Dennis 1970]; M. ustilago 113 Singer has a deep fuscous pileus, a distinct stipe, narrower spores (x 5.3-5.5 um), and two types of context hyphae (Singer 1976); M. cecropiae Dennis has a pale ochraceous, on drying fulvous orange to orange-buff coloured pileus, longer and narrower spores (11-14 x 4.0-4.8 um) and fusoid cheilocystidia (Dennis 1961, Singer 1976); M. paulensis Singer has orange to pale orange pileus with concolorous lamellae, fusoid larger spores (12.5-15 x 4.5-6.2 tm), filamentous-cylindrical, rarely clavate pleurocystidia, rarely with some terminal projections and subhymeniform pileipellis (Singer 1976). Marasmius bururiensis (holotype): pileipellis cells (upper left), spores (upper right), pleurocystidia (lower left) and cheilocystidia (lower right). Scale bar = 20 um. Marasmius camerunensis Antonin & Mossebo sp. nov. Pileo 40-70 mm lato, convexo, sulcato-striato, centro brunneo-violaceo, margine albido vel ochraceo. Lamellis distantibus, L = 15, 1 = 0; adnexis, ventricosis, intervenosis, albidis, acie concolore. Stipite 40-70 x 4-6 mm, cylindraceo, glabro, apice albido, ad basim rubro-brunneo. Sporis (21-)23-28(-30) x 5.5-6.5(-7.0) um, clavatis, lacrymoideis, clavato-cylindraceis, hyalinis, inamyloideis. Cheilocystidiis 10.0-25 x= 8.5-11 um, clavatis, late clavatis, tenuitunicatis. Pleurocystidiis absentibus. Pileipellis hymeni- formis, e cellulis clavatis vel late clavatis, 17-27 x 8.0-18 um, laevibus. Pileocystidiis et caulocystidiis absentibus. Hyphis dextrinoideis, fibulatis. Ad ramos putridos. HOLOTYPUS: Cameroon, prov. Littoral, Poola’a, 20. VII. 1998 leg. D. C. Mossebo M196(1) (holotypus in herbario BRNM 670732 asservatur, isotypus in herbario DM asservatur). 114 Pileus 40-70 mm broad, convex, deeply sulcate-striate, slightly rugulose except for a smooth area of 10-15 mm of diam. at centre, whitish to ochraceous with a slightly umbonate brown-violaceous centre. Lamellae distant, L = 15, 1 = 0, adnexed, 8-10 mm - broad, ventricose, intervenose, white, with concolorous, entire edge. Stipe 40-70 x 4-6 mm, cylindrical, central, hollow, smooth, whitish and almost concolorous with lamellae at apex, reddish-brown towards base. Context concolorous with pileus, 2-5 mm broad in pileus centre. Spores (21-)23-28(-30) < 5.5-6.5(-7.0) um, E = 3.3-4.7, Q = 4.2, clavate, lacrymiform, clavate-cylindrical, thin-walled, hyaline, rarely uni- to triseptate. Basidia not found. Basidioles 13-35 x 8.5-10 um, cylindrical, clavate, subfusoid. Cheilocystidia 10.0-25 x 8.5-11 um, clavate, broadly clavate, rarely subcylindrical, thin-walled, hyaline. Pleurocystidia absent. Hyphae cylindrical, thin-walled, hyaline, 2.5-10.0 um wide. Pileipellis a hymeniderm, made up of 17-27 x 8.0-18 um, clavate to broadly clavate, thin- to slightly thick-walled, hyaline to pale greyish-yellowish, smooth cells. Caulocystidia absent. Clamp-connections present. Chemical reaction: Spores, hyme- nium and pileipellis cells non-dextrinoid; hyphae slightly dextrinoid (preserved in a conservation liquid). Ecology: Single, lignicolous, on dead branches in a coffee plantation. Distribution: Known only from one locality in Cameroon. Studied specimens from tropical Africa: Cameroon, Littoral prov., near Poola’a village, ca. 5 km from Nkongsamba, 20 Aug. 1998 leg. D. C. Mossebo M196(1) (DM, BRNM 670732). Marasmius camerunensis is characterised by having rather large carpophores with a pale coloured non-striate pileus, broad lamellae, large spores, and by the absence of pleurocystidia. It belongs to sect. Globulares Kithner. Among other African species with violaceous coloured or tinged pileus, /. bekolacongoli Beeli (holotype BR!), differs in having a violaceous and yellow striped pileus, longer stipe [80-150 x 2.5-6(-10) pm], smaller spores [17.5-24.5(-26) x (3.8-) 4.2-5.4 um. Q = 5.1] and by growing on litter; M. violaceus Henn. (Singer 1964, 1965) has entirely violaceous coloured or tinged carpophores and smaller spores (15.5-22.3 x 3.3-5.0 um); M. zenkeri Henn. (lectotype BR!) has larger carpophores, dark violaceous pileus, smaller spores [(15.5-)17.7-23.1 x 4.2-5.6 um] and larger cheilocystidia (14-50 x 10-15 um). Marasmius caryotae (Berk.) Petch has a straw to greyish yellow pileus, narrower stipe (40-80 x 1-2 mm) and fasciculate growth on fallen flowers of Caryota and on ground (Pegler 1986, Petch 1948). res Marasmius camerunensis (holotype): pileipellis cells (upper left), cheilocystidia (upper right) and spores (lower). Scale bar = 20 um. ‘115 Marasmius foliiphilus Antonin sp. nov. Pileo 2-8 mm lato, late convexo, centro applanato, obtuse umbonato vel depresso, glabro, centro ruguloso, margine striato vel ruguloso-striato, albo. Lamellis distantibus, L = 11-16, | = 0-2, emarginatis, late adnatis vel subtiliter decurrentibus, albidis, acie concolore et subtiliter fimbriata. Stipite 5-20 x usque 0.5 mm, cylindraceo, insititio, puberulo, junio albido, maturo ad basim brunneo. Sporis 6.0-8.0 x 2.5-3.5 um, lacrymoideis, ellipsoideis-fusiformibus, hyalinis, inamyloideis. Basidiis tetrasporis. Cystidiis infrequentibus, 32-33 x 6.0-8.0 wm, lageniformibus vel fusiformibus, tenuitunicatis. Pileipellis hymeniformis, e cellulis clavatis, subcylindraceis vel subfusiformibus, 13-32 x (3.8-)5.0-12 um, laevibus. Pileocystidiis infrequentibus vel absentibus, 22-26 x 5.5-6.0 um, lageniformibus vel fusiformibus, tenuitunicatis. Caulocystidis frequentibus, 13-70 x (4.0-)5.0-11 um, cylindraceis, clavatis vel lageniformibus, frequenter irregularibus vel coralloideis. Hyphis dextrinoideis, efibulatis. Ad folia et in ramis putridis. HOLOTYPUS: Cameroon, area protecta biosphaerica Dja, Ekom, 10. IV. 2001 leg. V. Antonin Cm01.77 (holotypus in herbario BRNM 666144 asservatur). Pileus 2-8 mm broad, low convex, with applanate, slightly obtuse to slightly depressed centre, inflexed to almost straight at + finely crenulate margin, glabrous, radially striate to rugulose-striate, except for rugulose centre, not hygrophanous, white. Lamellae well- developed, distant, L = 11-16, | = 0-2, slightly emarginate and broadly adnate to subdecurrent, not intervenose, sometimes furcate, white, with concolorous, finely pubescent edge. Stipe 5-20 < up to 0.5 mm, cylindrical, insititious, slightly broadened above, slightly broadened to subbulbose at base, entirely pubescent, hollow, entirely white when young, then white at apex and pale brown (+ 6D5) towards base. Context thin, white in pileus, concolorous in stipe, without any distinct smell. Spores 6.0-8.0 x 2.5-3.5 um, E = 1.9-2.8, Q = 2.2-2.3, lacrymoid, ellipsoid-fusoid, thin- walled, hyaline. Basidia 18-28.5 x 6.0-8.0 um, 4-spored, clavate. Basidioles 11-24 x 3.0-7.0 um, clavate to cylindrical. Hymenial cystidia very rare to often absent, 32-33 x 6.0-8.0 um, lageniform to fusoid, thin-walled. Hyphae cylindrical, thin-walled, up to 8.0 um wide. Pileipellis a hymeniderm, made up of 13-32 x (3.8-)5.0-12 pm, clavate, subcylindrical to subfusoid, often in fascicles, smooth, rarely with some digitate projections or with a small rostrum, thin- to slightly thick-walled, sometimes septate. Pileocystidia very rare to often absent, 22-26 x 5.5-6.0 um, lageniform or fusoid, thin- walled. Stipitipellis a cutis, of cylindrical, parallel, slightly thick-walled, up to 5.5 um wide hyphae; medulla hyphae up to 12 um wide. Caulocystidia numerous, 13-70 x (4.0) 5.0-11 um, cylindrical, clavate, lageniform, often irregular, moniliform to subcoralloid, obtuse, adpressed to erect, thin- to mostly slightly thick-walled (more distinctly at base). Clamp-connections absent. Chemical reactions: Spores non-dextrinoid and inamyloid; pileus and lamellar trama hyphae slightly dextrinoid, stipe medulla and cortex hyphae distinctly dextrinoid. Ecology: Single, growing in groups on dead fallen leaves and twigs, collected in a deteriorated forest of the Central African semideciduous type. Distribution: Known only from Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Studied specimens from tropical Africa: Cameroon, Dja Biosphere Reserve, Ekom, ca. 34 km to E of Somalomo, 10 Apr. 2001 leg. V. Antonin Cm01.77 (BRNM 666144, holotype). — Democratic Republic of Congo, Tshopo prov., Ngene-Ngene, 18 Apr. 1984 leg. B. Buyck 1473 (BR 011750-13). 116 Ge a Marasmius foliiphilus (holotype): piletpellis cells, spores, hymenial cystidia and caulocystidia. Scale bar = 20 um. Marasmius foliiphilus belongs to sect. Epiphylli Singer. It is characterised by having entirely white carpophores (except for the stipe towards base when mature), with well-developed lamellae, small spores, often absent (sometimes very rare) pileocystidia and hymenial cystidia, clampless and dextrinoid hyphae. Having smooth pileipellis cells and dextrinoid hyphae, it belongs to subsect. Eufoliatini Singer. Species belonging to this subsection are very rare in the tropics. Singer (1964, 1965, 1976) described two South-American species without clamps: M. sanctixaverii Singer and M. caliensis Singer. Both of them differ especially in having larger spores (8.2-9.7 x 3.8-4.5 um, resp. 6.0-10.0 x 2.5-3.5 um). Marasmius kigwenensis Antonin sp. nov. Pileo 26-30 mm lato, + applanato, glabro, laevi, hygrophano, pallide cremeo cum centro obscuro. Lamellis confertis, L = ca. 40, | = 2-3, adnexis, angustis, pallide cremeis, acie concolore. Stipite 50-70 ia bai ee j } Pre Aiea 4 if Ty * nee MYCOTAXON Volume LXXXV, pp. 135-141 January-March 2003 TUCKERMANELLA, A NEW CETRARIOID GENUS IN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA THEODORE L. ESSLINGER Department of Biological Sciences North Dakota State University Fargo, ND 58105 e-mail: ted.esslinger@ndsu.nodak.edu Abstract: The new genus 7uckermanella is described to accomodate the cetrarioid lichen species which have been referred to as the “Cetraria fendleri group,” most of which have been placed more recently in the related genus 7Zuckermannopsis. New combinations are provided for the four previously described species, and two new species are described: Tuckermanella arizonica sp. nov. and T. pseudoweberi sp. nov. Key words: lichen fungi, Cetraria, Tuckermannopsis, Arizona, Mexico Introduction Like much of the rest of the Parmeliaceae, the cetrarioid lichens have been gradually segregated into smaller and supposedly more natural genera (Randlane et al. 1997, Randlane & Saag, 1998). One of these down-sized genera, 7uckermannopsis, was itself rather broadly delimited until recently (Karnefelt & Thell 2001). Among the species from the old genera Cetraria and Tuckermannopsis left unaccounted for, there are six North American species that form a morphologically and geographically well defined group, previously referred to as the “Cetraria (or Tuckermannopsis) fendleri” group. Two of these are previously undescribed species. I here propose recognition of a new genus, Tuckermanella, named in honor of the first American lichenologist, Edward Tuckerman, to accommodate these species. Tuckermanella Essl. gen. nov. Type species: Tuckermanella weberi (Essl.) Ess. Thallus foliosus, prostratus, parvus vel mediocris, 0.5-4 (-7) cm latus, laciniae 0.3- 1.5 (-3) mm latae; superficies superior fulvobrunneus, brunneus, olivaceus vel atrovirens, margine pseudocyphellata, superficies inferior albus vel fulvobrunneus, modice rhizinatus; apothecia marginalia vel submarginalia, ascosporae ellipsoideae vel ovoideae, 6-9.5 x 4-6 lum; pycnidia inferme vel modice emersa, submarginalia vel laminalia, pycnoconidia bifusiformia, 3.5-6.5 x 1 Wm. Thallus foliose, small to medium sized, prostrate or occasionally weakly ascendant, lobate; lobes elongate and linear to somewhat shorter and more rounded; upper surface 136 pale brown to brown, olive-brown or blackish green, with more or less conspicuous linear marginal pseudocyphellae; upper and lower cortex paraplectenchymatous; medulla white to off-white, or rarely (in one species) ochre-yellow; lower surface almost white to tan or pale brown, usually rather dull, moderately to rather sparsely rhizinate, the rhizines usually concolorous with the lower surface, simple or sparsely furcate. Apothecia with thalline exciple; asci clavate and 8-spored; ascospores: simple, hyaline, ovoid to more commonly ellipsoid, 6-9.5 x 4-6 um. Pycnidia blackened, weakly emergent and broader than they are tall; conidia bifusiform, 3.5-6.5 x 1 Um. Secondary chemistry: fatty acids, depsides or depsidones. Geography: montane temperate to tropical, endemic to North America. Substrate: bark (especially conifers) or wood. Most of the species to be placed in Tuckermanella had been previously placed into Tuckermannopsis, and among the cetrarioid genera, it is with that genus that the closest comparison of characters must be made. The main differences between the two genera are summarized below: Tuckermanella Thalli usually small to occasionally mid- sized and narrow-lobed (0.5-2 mm), mostly prostrate With more or less continuous marginal pseudocyphellae on lobes Lower surface sparsely to moderately rhizinate, the rhizines more or less evenly distributed Pycnidia submarginal and _laminal, immersed to weakly emergent, nearly always broader than they are tall | Ascospores mostly ellipsoid (rarely to ovoid), 6-9.5 x 4-6 Um Apparently endemic to North America (including Mexico), especially in the west Only fertile (5) and isidiate (1) species known Tuckermannopsis Thalli small to often mid-sized, broader- lobed (1-6 mm), often loosely ascendant Without pseudocyphellae, except sometimes on the irregular warts, papillae, or apothecial margins Lower surface sparsely rhizinate, especially on ascendant parts Pycnidia mostly marginal or submarginal, distinctly emergent, often as tall as they are broad, or taller Ascospores subglobose to globose, 5-8 [sm Broadly distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, with a single bipolar species Only fertile (4) and sorediate (3) species known All chemical analyses were carried out using the various modifications (e.g. Culberson 1974, Culberson & Ammann 1979) of the standardized TLC methods first devised by Culberson & Kristinsson (1970). Using all three (or occasionally more) solvent 137 systems, this technique still works exceedingly well to distinguish among and to identify the numerous phenolic products produced by lichens. However, for the precise identification of aliphatic substances like fatty acids, it has severe limitations. When studying a group of species or sometimes even a series of specimens within a species, varying numbers of fatty acids are detected and their Rf values are often inconsistent. The reports given in this paper, especially for the higher Rf fatty acids (e.g. lichesterinic, protolichesterinic), are therefore left uncertain. Tuckermanella arizonica Essl. sp. nov. Thallus foliosus, prostratus, parvus, brunneus vel fulvobruneus; apothecia numerosa, conglomerata; acida aliphatica continens. Thallus foliose, up to 2 (rarely 3) cm in diam., more or less orbicular; lobes rounded- crenate to somewhat elongate, the edges becoming laciniate-papillate, 0.5-1.5 (-3) mm broad, flat to weakly pitted, sometimes weakly canaliculate, prostrate or weakly ascending; upper surface tan-brown to brown or occasionally dark brown, epruinose, dull or weakly shiny, frequently becoming irregularly papillate in mature areas, the papillae and the lobe edges with more or less conspicuous whitish pseudocyphellae; without soredia or isidia; upper and lower cortex paraplectenchymatous; medulla white; lower surface almost white to pale tan or pale brown, more or less smooth to weakly trabeculate or rugose, dull or weakly shiny near the periphery (rarely with a patchy white pruina), rhizines sparse but usually more or less scattered across the lower surface. Apothecia frequent and often becoming numerous and crowded, up to 3.5 mm in diameter, more or less concave or irregularly convex with age, margin smooth or becoming finely crenate- papillate, bearing pseudocyphellae on the papillae; ascospores ovoid to more usually ellipsoid, 6-8 x 4-5 tm. Pycnidia black, weakly emergent, submarginal and often laminal; conidia 5-6.5 x 1 {4m, bifusiform. Chemistry: cortex and medulla all spot tests negative (medulla sometimes reacts CK+ pale yellow, slowly); producing 2-3 lichesterinic acid type fatty acids (high Rf). Occurring on bark or wood (usually conifers), often on twigs. Known only from the mountains of Arizona and of Hidalgo and Chihuahua, Mexico, in western North America. Type: Arizona. Greenlee Co.: Apache National Forest, Mogollon Rim along forest Rd 54, ca 5 km W of Hwy 191; 33°34.6'N, 109°23.1'W; ca. 2700 m elev.; fir-Doug fir- white pine forest; on white pine twigs; Esslinger 15724 (ASU, holotype; TLE, US, isotypes). This species might be mistaken for either of two North American species in the genus Tuckermannopsis, although neither is known to be sympatric with it. Specimens growing on larger branches or boles (rather than twigs) become larger & broader lobed, and might be mistaken for a compact specimen of 7. orbata (Nyl.) M. J. Lai. It differs from that species by the smaller, more prostrate, loosely appressed or only weakly ascendant thallus. Also, the marginal whitish pseudocyphellae on lobe edges of 7. arizonica are missing in T. orbata. Thalli of Tuckermanella arizonica commonly grow on twigs, and these specimens are often smaller and more compact than those on boles or large branches, and they bear numerous crowded apothecia, thus bearing a superficial resemblance to 7uckermannopsis sepincola (Ehrh.) Hale, a northern species which has not been found in the Sonoran region. That species has clearly more ascendant lobes, even when young, and the lobe margin and thallus upper surface mostly remain smoother (not or weakly crenate, without 138 papillae). Also, in 7. sepincola, the pycnidia mostly occur directly on (or very near) the lobe margins, are distinctly emergent and often taller than they are broad (only ca. 50 Um broad). In 7. arizonica, the pycnidia may be largely concentrated on or near the lobe margins, but laminal pycnidia are also common on occasional lobes or thallus regions. These pycnidia are black but are only weakly emergent (and often 2-3 times as broad as they are tall), unlike the distinctly emergent pycnidia of both 7. orbata and T. sepincola. Figures 1-2. Pieces of the holotype of Tuckermanella arizonica. Fig. 1. A thallus showing lobe form with conspicuous whitish margins (interpreted here as continuous marginal pseudocyphellae) and still-concave apothecia (x10). Fig. 2. A thallus with more crowded, convex apothecia (x8.5). 139 A few specimens which were more prostrate and with narrower and flatter lobes than usual, look almost like Tuckermanella weberi, which is clearly distinguished by positive spot tests in the medulla and less conspicuous marginal pseudocyphellae. Selected Specimens Examined: U.S.A. Arizona. Apache Co.: Apache National Forest, Mt. Baldy Wilderness area, 33°55'30"N, 109°31'W, 3000 m, Ryan & Nash 26887 (ASU); Cochise Co.: Chiricahua Mtns., N slope of Monte Vista Peak, 31°49'45"N, 109° 18'30"W, 2770 m, Nash 21046 (ASU); Coconino Co.: along trail to Mt. Humphreys timberline, 35°20'15"N, 111°41'W, 3400 m, Nash 3521] (ASU); Graham Co.: Shannon Camp, Pinaleno Mtns., 32°39'N, 109°51'W; Greenlee Co.: Hannagan Meadows, along U.S. 666, 2770 m, Nash 7704 (ASU). Mexico. Chihuahua: along rte. 16, ca. 20 km W of Basaseachic, 28°19'N, 108°15'W, 2200 m, Nash 37707 (ASU); Hidalgo: El Chico National Park, W-facing hillside above Presa Jaramillo, 20°10'N, 98°44'W, 2880m, Nash 38059 (ASU). Tuckermanella coralligera (W. A. Weber) Essl. comb. nov. Basionym: Cetraria fendleri var. coralligera W. A. Weber, Lichens of the Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona. Univ. of Colorado Studies, Ser. Biology 10: 11 (1963). Synonyms: Zuckermannopsis coralligera ( W. A. Weber) W. A. Weber in Egan, Bryologist 94: 399 (1991). Cetraria coralligera (W. A. Weber) Hale, Bryologist 70: 414. 1967. Tuckermanella fendleri (Ny1.) Essl. comb. nov. Basionym: Platysma fendleri Nyl., Synopsis Methodica Lichenum I, p. 309 (1860). Synonyms: 7uckermannopsis fendleri (Nyl.) Hale in Egan, Bryologist 90: 164 (1987). Cetraria fendleri (Nyl.) Tuck., Genera Lichenum p. 33 (1872). Parmelia fendleri Tuck. in Nyl. (nomen nudum), Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg 5: 105 [1858 ((1857')]. Tuckermanella pseudoweberi Essl. sp. nov. Thallus similis 7. weberi, sed thallo magnore et acida caperatica continens. Thallus foliose, up to 5 (-7) cm in diam., usually more or less orbicular; lobes somewhat elongate but branched and partly contiguous, 0.6-1.2 mm broad, flat to weakly concave, prostrate; upper surface tan-brown to brown, sometimes with a slight reddish brown or olive-brown cast on lobe ends, more or less smooth at the periphery but becoming irregularly rugose and sometimes developing folioles inward, the lobe edges bordered with distinctive whitish, linear pseudocyphellae, epruinose, dull or weakly shiny at the periphery; without soredia or isidia; upper and lower cortex paraplectenchymatous; medulla white in part, but partly or totally off-white to pale ochre-yellow; lower surface pale to darker tan or almost brown in oldest parts, smooth to weakly rugose, dull; rhizines sparse, simple, concolorous with the lower surface or darkening. Apothecia infrequent, up to 3 mm in diam., the margin crenate to papillate, bearing pseudocyphellae on the crenae or papillae; ascospores 7-9.5 x 5-5.5 [1m, ellipsoid. Pycnidia black, immersed to weakly emergent, mostly submarginal and laminal; conidia 4-6 x 1 Um, bifusiform. Chemistry: cortex all spot tests negative, medulla PD-, K+ pale to darker violet or K- in pure white parts, C-; producing caperatic acid and an unidentified quinonoid pigment. Occurring on wood (or bark?) of conifers; known only from the type specimen, from Chihuahua, Mexico. Type: Mexico. Chihuahua: along rte 16 ca. 20 km W of Basaseachic, S facing ridge 140 with large rhyolite outcrop on ridge crest, oak-pine-juniper-manzanita (28°19'N, 108°15'W); 2200 m elev.; on dead log of conifer (Juniperus’?), Esslinger 13680 (ASU, holotype; Herb. Esslinger, isotype). The brown color and distinctive marginal pseudocyphellae on the lobe margins are much like 7. weberi, but T. pseudoweberi is larger and grosser, and has a very different chemistry, producing caperatic acid (and a quinonoid pigment) instead of the olivetoric acid or physodic acid characteristic of that species. Figure 3. Part of the holotype of Tuckermanella pseudoweberi, x7.5. Tuckermanella subfendleri (Essl.) Essl comb. nov. Basionym: Cetraria subfendleri Essl., Mycologia 65: 610 (1973). Tuckermanella weberi (Essl.) Essl. comb. nov. Basionym: Cetraria weberi Essl., Mycologia 65: 607 (1973). Key to the species of Tuckermanella LrEhalinsiisidiate sighs. cee er clint ee ict Ac te eae: Tuckermanella coralligera 1. Thallus lacking isidia (but perhaps variously papillate, laciniate or foliolate) ..... 2 2. Medulla with at least one positive spot test (C+ or KC+ rose-red or K+ pale violet) aeMedulla‘allispot tests negatives pert 2-8 ee en ee ee, eee 4 3. Medulla C+ rose-red (olivetoric acid) or C- & KC+ rose-red (physodic acid) ..... RMU a Ae OME). Saha OVEN SMR age o........... DLuckermanella weberi 3. Medulla C-, KC-, K+ pale to darker violet (caperatic acid) .................. BU MOR as Pie BN IN EA dod 5 SUE Wres Se T , O Tuckermanella pseudoweberi 141] 4. Thallus color predominantly a shade of brown (pale brown to brown or reddish GLOW Lar reeep net eR rk ce te RN ck 0102 7A ela a NY LE Rota Adal ac 5 4. Thallus color predominantly a shade of green (olive-green to olive-black) .. 6 5. Thallus small (mostly < 2 cm); apothecia usually numerous and crowded; often on conifer twigs; producing lichesterinic type fatty acids .. Tuckermanella arizonica 5. Thallus larger (up to 7 cm); apothecia frequent but not crowded; on lignum; producing caperatic acid (usually with a quinonoid pigment) .. Tuckermanella pseudoweberi 6. Thallus small (usually less than 2.5 cm); northern (S to northern Mexico); producing lichesterinic acid type fatty acids ........ Tuckermanella fendleri 6. Thallus commonly becoming larger (up to 5 cm); southern (Oaxaca, Mexico); DLOCGUCUNe Caperalis ACG se aan, Racks 1) Tuckermanella subfendleri Acknowledgements: I wish to thank the curators and support staff of all the herbaria from which specimens have been borrowed for this study (not all cited herein). Special thanks are also due to Dr. Thomas Nash III, who organized and led the expeditions on which many of the specimens available for study were collected. Financial assistance from NSF grants DEB 92-01111 and DEB 97-06984 to Arizona State University is gratefully acknowledged. Literature Cited Culberson, C.F. 1974. Conditions for the use of Merck silica gel 60 F254 plates in the standardized thin-layer chromatographic technique for lichen products. J. Chromatogr. 97: 107-108. Culberson, C.F. & K. Ammann. 1979. Standardmethode zur Diinnschicht-chromato- graphie von Flechtensubstanzen. Herzogia 5: 1-24. Culberson, C. F. & H. Kristinsson. 1970. A standardized method for the identification of lichen products. J. Chromatogr. 46: 85-93. Karnefelt, E I & A. Thell (2001): Delimitation of the lichen genus Tuckermannopsis Gyeln. (Ascomycotina Parmeliaceae) based on morphology and DNA sequences. In: Lichenological Contributions in Honour of Jack Elix. (Eds: P.M. McCarthy; G. Kantvilas; $.H.J.J.Louwhoff). Bibliotheca Lichenologica, 78: 193-209. J. Cramer, Berlin, Stuttgart. Randlane,T; Saag,A (1998): Changes in systematics of cetrarioid lichens. Sauteria 9: 43-50. Randlane,T; Saag,A; Thell,A (1997): A second updated world list of cetrarioid lichens. The Bryologist 100(1), 109-122. 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AY Zi ‘ hi a Y ’ f iM ) io aM p e nhs © ¥ ea ; 1S MYCOTAXON Volume LXXX, pp. 143-146 January-March 2003 TWO NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS ENTOLOMA FROM SOUTH INDIA K. NATARAJAN AND C. RAVINDRAN Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madra: Chennai -600 025, India. Email: knraj42@yahoo.com Abstract: Two new species of the genus Entoloma, viz., E. nilgirisiensis and F. indica, collected from Nilgiris district, Tamil Nadu, India, are described. Key Words: Agaricales, Entolomataceae, . During the course of our studies on South Indian Agaricales two interesting species of the genus Entoloma (Fr.) Kummer have been collected. They are described as new species in this paper. The colour terminology used is that of Kornerup & Wanscher (1978). The specimens are deposited in the herbarium at University of Madras Botany Laboratory (Herb. MUBL). Manjula (1983) in her revised list of Indian agarics has listed 2 species of the genus Enfoloma and Manimohan ef al., (1995) have reported 21 more species from Kerala, India. Entoloma nilgirisiensis Natarajan and Ravindran, sp. nov. Figs. 1-3 Pileus 25-65mm latus, expansus obtuse umbonatus, centro brunneo-aurantiacus, margine brunneus, siccus, margine striatus, fibrillosus. Lamellae liberae vel leviter adnexae, primo flavidae, postea roseal, confertae, margine concoloratae, integrae. Stipes 60-130mm longus, 2-5mm crassus, centralis, cylindrico-clavatus, brunneo- flavidus, siccus, fibrillosus, cavus, fragilis; caro tenui-tunicata, hyalina. Sporae 7.5 - 11.5 x 6-7.5 um, ellipsoideae, 5-6 angulatae. Basidia 26-34 x 7.5-9 um, clavata, 4- sporigera. Margo lamellarum fertilis. Cystidia nulla. Trama hymenophori regularis, hyalina. Pileipellis ex hyphis repentibus, hyalinis compositus. Fibulae nulla. Ad terram, singularis, Nilgiris, India. Holotypus: in Herb. MUBL, No.3175. Pileus 25-65 mm diam., expanded with obtuse umbo, surface brownish orange (6C4) towards centre and light brown (6D4) towards margin, hygrophanous, dry, striate near margin, fibrillose, at disc fibrillose to squamulose. Lamellae free to slightly adnexed, yellowish when young, becoming pink, crowded; edge concolorous, entire. Stipe 60-130 x 2-S mm, central, cylindric to subclavate, brownish yellow (SC8) to orange white (6A2), dry, coarsely fibrillose, hollow, 144 fragile; context hyaline, thin-walled. Spores 7.5-11.5 x 6-7.5 (9.5+1 x 6.5+0.5) pm, Q=1.5, ellipsoid, 5-6 angled. Basidia 26-34 x 7.5-9 ym, clavate, 4- spored. Lamella edge fertile. Cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia none. Hymenophoral trama regular, _ hyaline. Pileipellis a cutis of repent, entangled, thin-walled, hyaline hyphae, not gelatinized. Clamp connections absent. On soil, single. Snowdon, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India, 14th October 1998, Coll., C. Ravindran. Herb., MUBL, No.3175. (Type). The robust tricholomatoid habit and the narrow hyphae in the pileipellis place this species in subgenus Enfoloma (Noordeloos, 1988). The size (65mm), shape and _ colour (brownish orange) of the pileus, adnexed lamellae and absence of clamp- connections are the characteristic features of this species. It is closely related to both E. clavistipes Horak from Papua New Guinea (Horak, 1980) and E. subquadratum Hesler from North Carolina (Hesler, 1967). But E. clavistipes differs by its larger argillaceous pileus (-90mm), wider stipe (4-10mm), adnate to emarginate lamellae and smaller spores (8.5-9.5 x 6-6.5pm). The conic to campanulate pileus, smaller fruitbody and the presence of clamp connections make FE. subquadratum distinct. Hence the present collection is described as a new species. Entoloma indica Natarajan & Ravindran, sp. nov. Figs. 4-8 Pileus 20-30 mm latus, convexus, centro depressus, albidus, pellucido-stnatus, glaber. Lamellae adnato-subdecurrentes, primo albae, postea roseal, confertae, margine concolorate, integrae. Stipes 30-40mm longus, 1-2.5mm crassus, centralis, cylindricus, aequalis, cavus, glaber. Sporae 7-11.5 x 7-11 pm, cuboideae. Basidia 43-47.5 x 10-12 jm, clavata, 4-sporigera. Margo lamellarum sterilis, cheilocystidia 16-29 x 7.5-20 pm, cylindnico-clavata. Pleurocystidia nulla. Trama hymeophon regularis. Pileipellis ex hyphis repentibus, hyalinis, compositus. Caulocystidia 28-75 x 11-20 pm, cylindrico-clavata, tenui-tunicata, hyalina. Hyphae fibulatae. Ad terram, singularis, Nilgiris, India. Holotypus: In Herb. MUBL, No.3176. Pileus 20-30 mm diam., convex, depressed at centre, surface whitish, radially fibrillose, or velvety, hygrophanous, translucently striate, dry, membranous. Lamellae adnate to subdecurrent, first whitish, later turning deep pink, crowded; edge concolorous, entire. Stipe 30-40 x 1-2 mm, central, cylindrical, fibrous, equal, hollow, glabrous, shiny, white and tomentose at base; context whitish, thin walled. Spores 7-11.5 x 7-1] (8.5 + 0.5 x 8.2 = 0.6) um Q=1, cuboid, thick-walled, with single guttule. Basidia 43-47.5 x 10-12 um, clavate, 4-spored. Lamella edge sterile. Cheilocystidia 16-29 x 7.5-20 tm, cylindric to clavate, hyaline, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia none. Hymenophoral trama regular. Subhymenial layer well developed, hyaline, with clamp connections. Pileipellis a cutis of repent, entangled, thin-walled, hyaline hyphae. Caulocystidia present, 28-75 x 11-20 pm, cylindric to clavate, hyaline, thin-walled. Clamp-connections present. 145 - * = * Fig. 1-3: Entoloma nilgirisiensis Natarajan & Ravindran, sp. nov., 1. Habit x4, 2. Basidia, 3. Basidiospores. oe 10 um Fig. 4-8: Entoloma indica Natarajan & Ravindran, sp. nov., 4. Habit x4. 5. Basidia, 6. Basidiospores, 7. Cheilocystidia, 8. Caulocystidia. : 146 On soil, single. Kolakumbai, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India, 17" October 1998. Coll., C. Ravindran. Herb. MUBL, No.3176 (Type). The whitish clitocyboid habit, convex pileus with depressed disc, pellucid stnations and adnate to subdecurrent lamellae place this species in subgenus A/boleptonia (Noordeloos, 1988). Whitish pileus, subdecurrent lamellae, and presence of cheilocystidia and caulocystidia are characteristic features of this species. It comes close to E. falisporum Corner & Horak from Papua New Guinea (Horak, .1975). But EF. talisporum differs by its smaller white-yellow pileus, larger stipe, smaller spores and absence of cheilocystidia and caulocystidia. Hence the present species is described as new. Acknowledgements: - Thanks are due to the Director of the Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras for facilities and the Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi, for financial assistance. Thanks are also due to Dr. C. Bas for his valuable comments. References: - Hesler, L.R. 1967. Entoloma in Southeastern North America. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 23:1-196. Horak, E. 1975. On cuboid spored species of Entoloma. Sydowia 28: 171 - 236. Horak, E.1980. Entoloma in Indomalaya and Australasia. Beih. zur Nova Hedwigia 65: 1-352. Komerup, A. and Wanscher, JH. 1978. Methuen Handbook of colour. 3". ed. Eyre Methuen, London, 252pp. Manjula, B. 1983. A revised list of the agaricoid and boletoid basidiomycetes from India and Nepal. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 92: 81-23. Manimohan, p., Vijaya joseph, A. and Leelavathty, K. M. 1995. The genus Entoloma in Kerala state. A4ycol. Res. (99) (9): 1083-1097. Noordeloos, M.E. 1988. Ertoloma in North America. Cryptogamic studies 2:164pp. MY COTAXON Volume LXXX, pp. 147-151 January-March 2003 A NEW RUST FUNGUS (UREDINALES) ON PENAEACEAE: UREDO SARCOCOLLAE ON SALTERA SARCOCOLLA* Mechthilde Mennicken, Reinhard Berndt & Franz Oberwinkler Lehrstuhl fiir Spezielle Botanik & Mykologie, Botanisches Institut, Universitat Tubingen Auf der Morgenstelle 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany e-mail: mechthilde.mennicken@uni-tuebingen.de ABSTRACT: Uredo sarcocollae (Uredinales) is described as a new species. It is the first known rust fungus from the Penaeaceae, which are endemic in South Africa. The host plant, Sa/tera sar- cocolla, grows in the Fynbos in the south-western Western Cape Province. KEYWORDS: Biodiversity, Fynbos, South Africa, Western Cape INTRODUCTION The BIOTA (Biodiversity Monitoring Transect Analysis) Southern Africa project is a long term, multidisciplinary project that aims at monitoring biodiversity along a rainfall gradient and different land management systems from the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa to the North of Namibia. Surveying and mapping rust fungi within this project, we found the uredinial stage of a rust fungus on Saltera sarcocolla (L.) Bullock in the BIOTA-observatory at Olifantsbos in the Cape Peninsula National Park. As far as could be established there is no other known rust fungus either from the genus Saltera Bullock or from the family Penaeaceae (Doidge 1950; Crous, Phillips & Baxter 2000). The fungus is therefore described as new. MATERIALS AND METHODS Drawings and spore measurements (50 spores) of Uredo sarcocollae were obtained from herbari- um material. Freehand sections were heated in “Hoyer’s fluid” (Cunningham 1972). To determine the presence of obscure germ pores on urediniospores, spores were mounted in “Wittmann’s em- bedding medium” (Kreisel & Schauer 1987). All preparations were observed with a Carl Zeiss mi- croscope with bright field and phase contrast. For scanning electron microscopy, air-dried fragments of rust-infected leaves were placed onto double-sided adhesive tape fixed to an obser- vation stub, spattered with gold-palladium and observed with a Cambridge Stereoscan 250 Mk-2. The nomenclature of the host Saltera sarcocolla conforms to Dahlgren (1968). Uredo sarcocollae Mennicken, Berndt & Oberwinkler, sp. nov. (Figs. 1-3) Pycnia, aecia et telia ignota. Uredinia amphigena, subepidermalia, usque ad 0.5 mm diam., saepe paraphysata et strato hypharum tecta. Urediniosporae obovoideae, pyriformes vel ellipsoideae, 19— 27 (-29) x 14-18 (—20) uum, pariete hyalino ad dilute brunneo, 1—1.5 um crasso, 4-6 poris germi- nationis obscuris, sparsis, si 4 saepe approx. aequatorialibus praeditae. In foliis Salterae sarcocollae (L.) Bullock (Penaeaceae). * Part 211 of the series “Studies in Heterobasidiomycetes”’. 148 Pycnia, aecia, and telia unknown. Uredinia amphigenous, subepidermal, scattered, irregularly rupturing pustules small, up to 0.5 mm wide, roundish, cinnamon-brown, spots surrounding pustule up to 2 mm wide, discoloured dark auburn to dark violet, not clearly margined on the host leaves, with an undefined layer of presum- ably dead fungus cells between epidermis and urediniospores. Paraphyses in several uredinia col- ourless to yellowish-brown, short, the wall 1—5S .m thick apically, becoming progressively thinner towards the base. Urediniospores variable in shape, obovoid, pyriform or ellipsoid, 19-27 (—29) x 14—18 (—20) um, echinulate, borne singly on short pedicels, spore wall uniformly about I—1.5 um thick, colourless to yellowish-brown, germ pores obscure, indistinct, when seen in “Wittmann’s embedding medi- um’’, 4 to 6, scattered, sometimes when 4 germ pores were present, they were often more or less equatorial, with hyaline papillae that are weakly developed. On the leaves of Saltera sarcocolla (L.) Bullock (Penaeaceae). Etymology. Named after the host plant, Saltera sarcocolla. Fig. 1. Urediniospores of Uredo sarcocollae. Holotype. In the upper spores the echinulation was not delineated. 149 Fig. 2. SEM micrograph of an uredinium with urediniospores of Uredo sarcocollae. Holotype. The apical parts of the paraphyses (arrows) can be seen. Scale bar = 40 pm 150 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: - South Africa, Western Cape Province, Cape Peninsula National Park, BIOTA-observatory at Ol- ifantsbos, on Saltera sarcocolla (L.) Bullock, S 34° 15’ 45’, E 18° 23’ 60°’, 17.X1.2001, leg. Mechthilde Mennicken. HOLOTYPE PREM, ISOTYPE B. - South Africa, Western Cape Province, Caledon District, W Palmiet River, Kopje S slope, on Salt- era sarcocolla (L.) Bullock (as Sarcocolla tetragona (Berg.) Salter resp. Penaea tetragona Berg.), 01.X.1956, leg. Rolf Dahlgren & Bo Peterson. PARATYPE B. Another specimen found in B has not been examined because of the scantiness of the infection: - South Africa, Western Cape Province, Betty’s Bay, Kogelberg Nature Reserve (as Koogelsberg Reserve), on Sa/tera sarcocolla (L.) Bullock (as Sarcocolla tetragona (Berg.) Salter resp. Penaea tetragona Berg.), 23.1X.1963, leg. H. & E. Walter. ie fia ta ml rae cleat avin Fig. 3. Paraphyses of Uredo sarcocollae. Holotype. The outer part of the uredinial cavity is lined with a layer of collapsed and tangled hyphae. It could not be determined whether this layer belongs to a distinct peridial structure or is a remnant of the uredinial primordium. The inconspicuous paraphyses (Figs. 2, 3) could not be found in all uredinia. The observation of the number and the distribution of the germ pores (Fig. 1) was very difficult. We were only successful to demonstrate the number and position of the germ pores reliably in the holotype using “Wittmann’s embedding medium”. The different intensity of colouration of the germ pores and the surrounding areas is perishable. Germ pores could not be seen in the older ure- diniospores of the paratype with the exception of germ pores in optical sections. The host family Penaeaceae, which belongs to the Rosidae-Myrtales, contains 7 genera and 23 spe- cies and is endemic in the southern and south-western Western Cape Province and the southern Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The monotypic host genus Sa/tera is endemic to the south- western Western Cape Province. (Bredenkamp 2000). Saltera sarcocolla “grows in sand or sometimes in rock fissures on flat or shelving, seldom rather steep, slopes of sandstone mountains of the Table Mountain Series. It is mainly concentrated to the coastal areas, but has been found as far inland as in the French Hoek Pass [Franschhoek Pass] and the mountains above Genadendal. The altitude ranges between almost the sea level and about 1.000 m. The vegetation is always a typical rather sparse fynbos.” (Dahlgren 1968). jis | ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors thank Pedro Crous for pre-submission review of the manuscript, Michael Weiss for help with the Latin diagnosis, the curator of B, Robert Vogt for the loan of rust-infected leaves of Saltera sarcocolla (L.) Bullock, Karl-Heinz Hellmer and Friedhelm Albrecht for performing the scanning electron microscopy, and Sheila and Brian Longman for comments on the English text. The study was made possible by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research in Germany through the sourcing of the BIOTA Southern Africa project. The Western Cape Nature Board and the Cape Peninsula National Park are gratefully acknowledged for issuing a research permit. LITERATURE CITED Bredenkamp, C. L. 2000. Penaeaceae. In: Leistner, O. A. (ed.), Seed plants of Southern Africa: families and genera. Strelitzia 10: 440-442. Crous, P. W.; Phillips, A. J. L. & Baxter, A. P. 2000. Phytopathogenic fungi from South Africa. 358 pp. Cunningham, J. L. 1972. A miracle mounting fluid for permanent whole-mounts of microfungi. Mycologia 64: 906-911. Dahlgren, R. 1968. Studies on Penaeaceae. Part II. The genera Brachysiphon, Sonderothamnus and Saltera. Opera Botanica 18: 1-72. Doidge, E. M. 1950. The South African fungi and lichens to the end of 1945. Bothalia 5: 1-1094. Kreisel, H. & Schauer, F. 1987. Methoden des mykologischen Laboratoriums. 181 pp. ah ia "| fh 4 t oO? ig ; se vine i) Pi ti eet Aas. es ive > rai ae ah! be he Py “ x . fay 97 nee bell teen ALL Dt ‘ oe) ¥ at) of Re ARE i a ee ; De ae ie Act e ae xt. inn i ea , ; : ‘4% : Saat eigenen se Aare AA) bet Tey oe ean inp ay 4 al . ’ pa i awh, aye iy (val AY : id bi CAEN j ' La *. ’ 2 1 ‘ , @ . . ‘ * i 3} a ie ‘e's at ay : 40 & if ‘ ‘ ‘hi } { F BP lh yay Cay 4 , ‘i p EP ps t if \ A 0 % ce ay Ne ug 4 i 7 ‘ } ‘ . a 1 by - ; al 4 ‘ “he i rth ee , > 4 if y i] i > i x an ’ -_ : ' 5 ’ \y ‘ i Dy ey) > , a aa ‘ p wa ‘ if nce ¥ j j ‘ . ; 1 9 h Br: . ; be v4 Ala, } Vite : oe } / on iN ‘ - i y | J 4 74 aot ue e ; ‘ 4 Meets - t j : Aled ‘ ie - rt A ~ iy ; f 4 4 7 4 i : mw sy A i ' af ae | ot oy be aL me ; ‘ 7 ’ hive Na Pay - A yy ¥; " iui rit ’ ee ie 7 ny Ay J ’ hte fa os ALY . a WY ¥) ek as am ’ We SEO hae a *y ee ‘ : si oteay, tr i mh, beret Car Pion & F Pr / LY et oud t (ee eh Tees OER tie We rh | : Nan? ins oe 14) a ra \ vid 7 “ Ry om | aR eo La Ae mS | Syst. iia cla ey ioe Ree ear ue bale Me 7 } Ki ‘ i F f ¢ a4 Pe geder q ; pou OF rey TR! } ‘ Pay dem ) ie Oe AD ; PAG Int : iene alin isk ; te , i , ; te, rbd, te i" we agit wri MY COTAXON Volume LXXXV, pp. 153-157 January-March 2003 A LIST OF DISCOMYCETES IN CHINA. SUPPLEMENT IT” CH Esl at al 44 oR, BE) WEN-YING ZHUANG Systematic Mycology and Lichenology Laboratory Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China Abstract: This is the continuation of the previous list of discomycetes in China and its supplement I. Key words: Addition, corrections, Lachnum orinocense, Parascutellinia More discomycetes have been added to the Chinese records since “A list of discomycetes in China” and its “Supplementary list — I” were published (Zhuang 1998a, 2001). Corrections for names in the previous lists are provided. SUPPLEMENTARY LIST — II Albotricha longispora Raitv. Kf AEA (Zhuang 2002) Anthracobia maurilabra (Cooke) Boud. Hi /E24E#t kA (Wang 2001b) Anthracobia melaloma (Alb. & Schwein.: Fr.) Arnould A&R Ft (Wang 2001b) Arachnopeziza colachna W.Y. Zhuang & Z.H. Yu AER (Yu & Zhuang 2002) Botryotinia draytonii (Buddin & Wakef.) Seaver 75 til #4 f@ i fe (Leather & ~ Hor 1969, Kohn 1979) Botryotinia squamosa (Vienn.-Bourg.) Dennis 1k 78] 24] fl Fk fel 4 (Leather & Hor 1969) Boubovia micholsonii (Massee) Spooner Fo 7 HEF kel (Zhuang 2002) Cistella cf. hungarica (Rehm) Raitv. (4B F@) *) 7 Al/)E ee (Zhuang ef al. 2002) Coccomyces illiciicola H.Y. Liu, YR. Lin & C.T. Xiang /\ AEWA (Liu et al. 1999) Coccomyces occultus YR. Lin & Z.Z. Li avi 3e fe] (Lin et al. 1999) Crocicreas fuscum (W. Phillips & Harkn.) S.E. Carp. te #R EEE (Wang & Pei 2001) Crocicreas nivale (Rehm) S.E. Carp. 23 AAR EE EA (Whitton 1999) Encoelia cubensis (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Iturriaga, Samuels & Korf 74 ELIAS (Zhuang & Yu 2001) Hydnocystis japonica (Tak. Kobay.) Trappe FH AHESEER EY (Wang & Pei 2001) ” Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30170003, 30230020) and Special Funds for Floral and Taxonomic Studies, Chinese Academy of Sciences. 154 Hymenoscyphus adlasiopodium Z. Wang (Wang & Pei 2001) = Hymenoscyphus lasiopodium (Pat.) Dennis (Synonymy based on type examination) Hymenoscyphus cf. consobrinus (Boud.) Hengstm. (#8) #AARAEP (Zhang & Zhuang 2002) | Hymenoscyphus fucatus (W. Phillips) Baral & Hengstm. XUGK-ERREL (Zhang & Zhuang 2002) Hymenoscyphus menthae (W. Phillips) Baral {far fR2k RI (Zhang & Zhuang 2002) Hymenoscyphus cf. populneus (Velen.) Svréek (388) SHARALEA (Zhang & Zhuang 2002) Hymenoscyphus sinicus WY. Zhuang & Y.H. Zhang ‘PERRET (Zhang & Zhuang 2002) Lachnellula laricis (Cooke) Dharne 94" 4<44 FS | (Zhuang 2002) - Lachnellula rattanicola J, Frohl. & K.D. Hyde RIE FE FA (Frohlich & Hyde 2000) Lachnum abnorme (Mont.) J.H. Haines & Dumont var. sinotropicum Z.H. Yu & WY. Zhuang +p P-GP Ae (Yu & Zhuang 2002) Lachnum bannaense Z.H. Yu & W.Y. Zhuang WRZAALEAE ER (Yu & Zhuang 2002) Lachnum controversum (Cooke) Rehm = 3 #0-E4t1H (Ye & Zhuang 2002) Lachnum cf. fushanese M.L. Wu & J.H. Haines (#F8) #8 UAE (Ye & Zhuang 2002) Lachnum hyalopus (Cooke & Massee) Spooner AAPA (Yu & Zhuang 2002) Lachnum lanariceps (Cooke & W. Phillips) Spooner #BRAI-EAE A (Yu & Zhuang 2002) Lachnum mapirianum (Pat. & Gaillard) M.P. Sharma var. mapirianum th ALE EEA ae R (Yu & Zhuang 2002) Lachnum mapirianum var. sinense ZH. Yu & W.Y. Zhuang Sih AE aA Pe (Yu & Zhuang 2002) Lachnum pritzelianum (Henn.) Spooner var. pritzelianum W525 ALE i AREA (Yu & Zhuang 2002) Lachnum pritzelianum var. longipilosum Z.H. Yu & W.Y. Zhuang }i 3s ALE EA IK =e (Yu & Zhuang 2002) Lachnum privum Z.H. Yu & W.Y. Zhuang Fife UAE aE (Yu & Zhuang 2002) Lachnum pseudosclerotii ZH. Yu & W.Y. Zhuang {ST RAGE (Yu & Zhuang 2002) Lachnum cf. stipulicala JH. Haines (298) "ESE AE aE (Yu & Zhuang 2002) Lachnum tengii W.Y. Zhuang XS RAE REE (Zhuang 2002) Lambertella tengii W.Y. Zhuang XS {ARF EA (Zhuang 2002) Lambertella yunnanensis (S.H. Ou) W.Y. Zhuang & YH. Zhang 2M = (ARAL (Zhuang & Zhang 2002) Lophodermium implicatum YR. Lin & Z.S. Xu 2422 RUREFE (Lin et al. 2001) Lophodermium validum Y.R. Lin, Z.S. Xu & K. Li GEHERLBESE (Lin ef al. 2001) Mollisia cf. caesia (Fuckel) Sacc. (388) eAREKALER (Wang & Pei 2001) Mollisia cf. melaleuca (Fr.) Sacc. (FR) Aaxet te (Wu & Wang 2000) Niptera excelsior (P. Karst.) Dennis fa #t fi (Wong 2000) Octospora cf. humosa (Fr.) Dennis (288) +44 /\f@AtE (Wang & Pei 2001) Orbilia delicatula (P. Karst.) P. Karst. 4 AREER (Wang & Pei 2001) 155 Orbilia luteorubella (Ny\.) P. Karst. £20 (A FEF (Tsui et a/. 2000) Parascutellinia arctespora (Cooke & W. Phillips) T. Schum. iJ #ttH (This paper, Schumacher 1988, Dissing ef a/. 2000) Perrotia atrocitrina (Berk. & Broome) Dennis i #4i#2 741A (Zhuang ef al. 2002) Peziza cf. pseudoviolaceae Donadini (#58) (RAXFEER (Wang & Pei 2001) Proliferodiscus dingleyi Spooner J Foe ti #ti (Zhuang et al. 2002) Psilachnum hainanense W.Y. Zhuang ¥% P24 (Zhuang ef al. 2002) Psilopezia deligata (Peck) Seaver H&x#4 FLEA (Wang & Pei 2001) Pulvinula miltina (Berk.) Rifai 2-244 fa (Wang & Pei 2001) Sphaerosporella taiwania Y.Z. Wang f¥5/)2EkfAet EI (Wang 2001a) Sphaerosporella brunnea (Alb. & Schwein.) Svréek & Kubétka /)2kfa iE (Wang 2001b) Sorokinella appendiculospora J. Frohl. & K.D. Hyde “)Af#i FA (Frohlich & Hyde 2000) Stictis carnea Seaver & Waterston [Nf 3% (Whitton et al. 1999) Stromatinia gladioli (Drayton) Whetzel Ej yfi/E#E ES (Leather & Hor 1969) Terriera breve (Berk.) PR. Johnst. 47} Fi EA (Frohlich & Hyde 2000) Trichophaea donglingensis Z. Wang (Wang & Pei 2001) = Parascutellinia arctespora (Cooke & W. Phillips) T. Schum. (Synonymy based on type examination) Vibrissea cf. sporogyra (Ingold) Sanchez (288) jnefl7k#eEA (Zhuang et al. 2002) Wenyingia sichuanensis Z. Wang & D.H. Pfister CAFE (Wang & Pfister 2001) CHANGES FOR NAMES IN THE PREVIOUS LISTS Lambertella yunnanensis (Zhuang & Zhang 2002) for “Helotium” yunnanense (Tai 1979, Zhuang 1998a) Lachnum mapirianum vat. mapririanum (Yu & Zhuang 2002) for Lachnum cf. apalum var. beatonii (Zhuang 1998b, 2001) Encoelia cubensis (this paper) for Humaria xylariicola (Tai 1979, Zhuang 1998a) Hymenoscyphus fucatus (Zhang & Zhuang 2002) for Hymenoscyphus scutulus vat. fucatus (Zhuang 1995, 1998a) Hymenoscyphus menthae (Zhang & Zhuang 2002) for Hymenoscyphus scutulus var. solani (Korf & Zhuang 1985, Zhuang 1998a) A NEW COMBINATION IN LACHNUM Lachnum orinocense (Pat. & Gaillard) W.Y. Zhuang, comb. nov. = Erinella orinocensis Pat. & Gaillard, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 4: 101, 1889. = Dasyscyphus orinocensis (Pat. & Gaillard) Dennis, Kew Bull. 9: 307, 1954. Specimen examined: Venezuela. R. Orinoco, Puerto Zamuro, Maipures, on Canaceae, No. 34, 29 May 1887, FH - Herb. Patouillard $348 (type of Erinella orinocensis). Notes: In connection with my study of discomycetes from tropical China, the type specimen of Erinella orinocensis from tropical America was examined. My observation indicates that it is a member of Lachnum Retz. A transfer to that genus 1s here proposed. 156 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author would like to express her deep thanks to Prof. R. P. Korf of Cornell - University for serving as the pre-submission reviewer and for valuable suggestions and to Prof. D. H. Pfister and staff members of the Farlow Cryptogamic Herbarium, Harvard University for sending the type specimen of Erinella orinocensis on loan. REFERENCES Dissing, H., F.-E. Eckblad & M. Lange (2000) Pezizales. pp. 55-127. In Hansen, L. & H. kundsen (eds.) Nordic Macromycetes. Vol. 1. Ascomycetes. Nordsvamp. Copenhagen. 1-309. Frohlich, J. & K.D. Hyde (2000) Palm Microfungi. Fungal Diversity Press. Hong Kong. 1-364. Kohn, L.M. (1979) A monographic revision of the genus Sclerotinia. Mycotaxon 9: . 365-444. Leather, R.I. & M.N. Hor (1969) A preliminary list of plant diseases in Hong Kong. Agric. Bull. No. 2. Government Press. Hong Kong. 1-64. | Lin, Y.R., Z.Z. Li, Y. Chen, Z. Li & WJ. Wu (1999) A new species of Rhytismatales, Coccomyces occultus sp. nov. J. Anhui Agric. Univ. 26: 37-39. (in Chinese) Lin, YR., Z.S. Xu & K. Li (2001) Two new species of Lophodermium from the Huangshan Mountains. Mycosystema 20: 457-460. (in Chinese) Liu, HY, YR. Lin & C.T. Xiang (1999) A new species of Coccomyces (Rhytismatales). J. Anhui Agric. Univ. 26: 135-137. (in Chinese) Schumacher, T. (1988) The Scutellinia battle; the lost, missing and dead. Mycotaxon 33: 149-189. Tai, FL. (1979) Sylloge Fungorum Sinicorum. Science Press. Beijing. 1-1527. (in Chinese) Teng, S.C. (1938) Additional fungi from China VII. Sinensia 9: 219-258. Tsui, K.M., K.D. Hyde & IL.J. Hodgkiss (2000) Biodiversity of fungi submerged wood in Hong Kong streams. Aquatic Microb. Ecol. 21: 289-298. Whitton, S.R. (1999) Microfungi on the Pandanaceae. Ph.D. Thesis. The University of Hong Kong. Hong Kong. 1-625. Whitton, S.R.. K.D. Hyde & EHC. McKenzie (1999) Microfungi on the Pandanaceae, a new species of Stictis. Fung. Divers, 2: 169-174. Wang, Y.-Z. (2001a) A new species of Sphaerosporella from Tatwan. Mycotaxon 80: 197-199. Wang, Y.-Z. (2001b) Some pyrophilous discomycetes (Pezizales) in Taiwan. Bu/l. Natl. Mus. Nat. Science 14: 105-111. Wang, Z. & K.-Q. Pei (2001) Notes on discomycetes in Dongling Mountains (Beijing). Mycotaxon 79: 307-314. Wang, Z. & D.H. Pfister (2001) Wenyingia, a new genus in Pezizales (Otideaceae). Mycotaxon 79: 397-399. Wong, M.K.M. (2000) Diversity, Host Perference, and Vertical Distribution of Saprobic Fungi on Grasses and Sedges in Hong Kong. Ph.D. Thesis. The University of Hong Kong. Hong Kong. 1-268. Wu, M.-L. & Y.-Z. Wang (2000) Mycological resources of saprophytic ascomycetes in Fushan Forest. Fung. Sci. 15: 1-14. Ye, M. & W.-Y. Zhuang (2002) New records of Lachnum from temperate China. Mycosystema 21: 122-124. (in Chinese) LDF Yu, Z.-H. & W.-Y. Zhuang (2002) New taxa and new records of Lachnum and Arachnopeziza (Helotiales, Hyaloscyphaceae) from tropical China. Nova Hedwigia 74(3-4): 415-428. Zhang, Y.-H. & W.-Y. Zhuang (2002) Re-examinations of Hymenoscyphus (Helotiales, Helotiaceae) on deposit in HMAS. Mycotaxon 81: 35-43. Zhuang, W.-Y. (1998a) A list of discomycetes in China. Mycotaxon 67: 365-390. Zhuang, W.-Y. (1998b) Discomycetes of tropical China. III. Hyaloscyphaceous fungi from tropical Guangxi. Mycotaxon 69: 359-373. Zhuang, W.-Y. (2001) A list of discomycetes in China. Supplement I. Mycotaxon 79: 375-381. Zhuang, W.-Y. (2002) Some new species and new records of discomycetes in China. X. Mycosystema 21: 475-479. Zhuang, W.-Y. & Z.-H. Yu (2001) Non-lichenized discomycetes. pp. 45-63. In Zhuang, W.-Y. (ed.) (2001) Higher Fungi of Tropical China. Mycotaxon Ltd. Ithaca, New York. Zhuang, W.-Y. & Y.-H. Zhang (2002) Designation of an epitype for Helotium yunnanense and its transfer to the genus Lambertella (Rutstroemiaceae, Ascomycota). Zaxon 51: (in press). Zhuang, W.-Y., Z.-H. Yu, Y.-H. Zhang & M. Ye (2002) New species and new records of discomycetes in China. IX. Mycotaxon 80: 27-34. nye t4 Ye, + SE A " he a oe seo eo Hota: st Ricca a. oh ge) i ut’ unt be er a aright | ee Nee Re it Ti aot aug oe er Ne tae a pre iene ag eee if Vie) esa wie MG, fi 4 Lita rRNA Sih Sed Muenster ee tae tern ys Ais ane bs ne Ae Rhy ae eats miata. mae Nt, Lr chin hpi pa ved A bent 9 Oe aati valida aes ih, oc ei WN AD A aia at ail as © ef eC One Ritns %) hi eaten (ibys igh Sean See eee iat Pee ce ieee i. i i “WRG ei hi eaphattgataN, ae See port “ a; AF Ww i 4 4 ) parece srs em . Wena tater ie vr: NY “f a "a is shale Pag in cae ee ONE i oesnie See: Baik ig yesh Ait A oer (SANS AT | ie aa ae ! é yt i te aie sh (Ne serie wet dvnna ade | MB ew Be OR NT. 0: 8 Ooi ai LOG iin ek ee 8, pene! oe ht ie | | . C Rheg teenth epee Wet Le acnatey 8 Bh as ised a 44 9 i 7 # ) ye L i H. Z. 4 er : 4 : & 1 rh AMS Aa a” | MS GR Ae me hah a ~ ry i ieee hae Naktis i avy ken : Pa aire Coane nwt Chee RT te pis Be et en ag : a a Npheaad! Rey’ Pog i very tee a cree is ih wy Re: % int - iy Ne ai hae flaca iv" i 7 . {iv r. A ie i ; ‘7. b f . * ‘ j hhntes ti AL Uhl bags 4 \ i x ’ i * , * - oo : eft rt » 4\@/ i. Me i f. ay ri ee a ok x p i - > ta ie t , : Re ea ater ingseaent Sins trharek: crate Pach Roi ag in a nae : } ¥ ic i x . : ir ‘ nou i P ¥ ae yh 2 , . " vt ‘ a 7 f Paes” a | an Mee hs ch ial | } bias | pth ¥ yi ai ita pis ain Eo Saat Wale) Resp tout Loui ocean : ft Ay? r Tera ee | cs. ’ Ne Wy Ten, Baal ae eR ee Pista: Rion Riis DOLE TE ae ae ppratin oll pat en sper wn on ais og DIAS: bgis ha? SoG) ei pie HS = ee Zt ; / , . ; Mens i ety tan He cWinddie ARE a iit Pata raeie ttc Pay ay re: hes nin y i Ri yi AW 1 ? eee : A BMI Hee wal bake vil ‘ted dna Piacente a men Hat na eon Wo pe any lhe el i ants, Meee Ses Vato ben Peel . mah faoae font wats an apcene h T shat abit Es PAR mae) +} yeh) ; in oe Vg a hp ‘eis et ae bg il eal bishiees vie aang ast Niven e” ' ' i i : ‘se ~ ‘is a ee 1 aetna Deeb ight wy seh Mais & | DER, hc ynen anit ee Wie pra rCg. Ty Ahi ie ea aa eB a ty,’ Rae a”, - y ae Tp: | r x Pel ! be Reh ee eh te Ae oy eens . piesa 4” ys et ee ee ay Nbr ; ee sR 7 a? © ve open iran TSE AS th DEMS AEM Le Fa | : ie a} , ¥ ; v 4 ‘aa a ea ; : “A if Po? at i way ni Be an. te mea ae . + (so A MAMRRNaNR ts Fat an PE A op i sh AN hye Z 5 ; ‘ z ue Pt 7 ssecahiny al i i Be urbe i ote f { Volume LXXX, pp. 159-164 January-March 2003 TRICHOLOMA ZANGII, A NEW NAME FOR T. QUERCICOLA M. ZANG (BASIDIOMYCETES: TRICHOLOMATACEAE) Z. -M. CAO! Y. -J. YAO"?” & D.N. Pegler ‘Systematic Mycology and Lichenology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People’s Republic of China "Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK ABSTRACT Tricholoma zangii is proposed as nomen novum to replace T: quercicola M. Zang (1990), which is a later homonym of 7) guercicola (Murr.) Murr. (1949). Zang’s species grows under oak trees or shrubs and is probably a mycorrhizal fungus, whereas Murrill’s was originally described from decayed wood at the diseased base of a living laurel oak. Tricholoma zangii is compared with T matsutake and considered as a recognisable taxon, based on examination of the original collection of the former from China and of specimens of the latter from China and Japan. The distribution of T zangii and its relationship with other species of the 7 matsutake group are also discussed. Keywords: nomenclature, Tricholoma sect. Caligata, Tricholoma matsutake, China INTRODUCTION The matsutake mushroom (7richoloma matsutake-complex) is one of the most appreciated wild mushrooms, especially in Japan. The mushroom has been known and collected for more than 1000 years (Hosford et al. 1997, Bergius & Danell x “ - e Author for correspondence, E-mail: yaoyj@sun.im.ac.cn 160 2000). Owing to a decline in Japanese production, importation of matsutake commenced in the 1970s from China, Korea, Canada, USA, Mexico and Morocco (Hosford et al. 1997, Wang et al. 1997). The amount of importation has reached ~ 3,000 tons per year, about three-quarters of the total consumption in Japan (Wang et al. 1997). Exportation of matsutake mushroom from North America has increased one thousand-fold since the mid-1980s, reaching some 500 tons (Hosford et al. 1997). In Japan, the retail price of matsutake may be up to US$1275 per kilogram (Wang et al. 1997). The high value of matsutake has stimulated Swedish scientists to employ molecular methods to link the north European species 7’ nauseosum (Blytt) Kytév with the Japanese matsutake (7. matsutake (S. Ito & S. Imai) Sing.) (Bergius & Danell 2000) and American scientists to produce a booklet to prompt good management of American matsutake (7richoloma magnivelare (Peck) Redhead) in North America (Hosford etal logy During an investigation on Chinese species related to the matsutake mushroom, Zang (1990) published the name 7° quercicola M. Zang for a fungus growing under Quercus. The fungus, considered a mycorrhizal fungus (Wang, B. 1995), is very similar to 7 matsutake. It occurs in large quantities in southwestern China where it is sold in market places in addition to T. matsutake. However, T. quercicola M. Zang is a later homonym of T: quercicola (Murr.) Murr. (1949). Our investigation has shown that 7’ quercicola of Zang (1990) and Murrill (1949) are not conspecific and a new name is required for such an economically important fungus in China. In his account on the species of Tricholoma (Fr.) Staude in Florida, U.S.A., Murmill (1949) published the name Cortinellus quercicola Murr. for a fungus growing on decayed wood at the diseased base of a living laurel oak (Quercus laurifolia) from Gainesville. Murrill indicated that in Saccardo’s nomenclature the species would be placed under Tricholoma and also proposed the name Tricholoma quercicola (Murr.) Murr. as an alternative name. Thus he proposed two names simultaneously for only one fungus, but the names have to be counted as validly published because they were proposed before 1 Jan. 1953, according to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN, edition published in 2000) Art. 34.2. In the present paper a new name is proposed for 7: guercicola M. Zang and examination of the type material of the species confirms it to be a recognizable taxon within 7richoloma sect. Caligata Konr. & Maubl. ex Bon. 16] TAXONOMY Tricholoma zangii Z. M. Cao, Y. J. Yao & Pegler, nom. nov. =Jricholoma quercicola M. Zang in Act. Mycol. Sinica 9: 123 (1990) non Tricholoma quercicola (Murr.) Murr. in Lloydia 12: 67 (1949). Pileus 6 — 12 cm diam., convex to plano-convex; surface light brown to pale grey, sometimes darker at centre, dry, with light brown and appressed squamules; margin inrolled, entire, appendiculate. Lamellae sinuate-adnexed, adnexed to emarginate, crowded, whitish, 2.5 — 4.0 cm broad, with lamellulae of two lengths. Stipe 6-10 x 1.5 —2.5 cm, robust, cylindrical, equal or slightly tapering towards the base; surface whitish and with small granules above the annulus, concolorous with pileus and scabrous below. Annulus apical, membranous. Context thick, whitish, comprising of thin-walled hyphae, 5.0 — 10.0 wm diam., lacking clamp-connexions. Odour strong, sweetish. Zaste mild, pleasant. Basidiospores 6.5 — 10.0 x 5.0 — 6.5 um, Q = 1.27, ellipsoid, hyaline, inamyloid, thin-walled, with a prominent hilar appendix. Basidia 16.0 — 26 x 7.0 — 12.0 um, clavate, bearing four sterigmata. Lamella-edge heteromorphous, often with scattered cheilocystidia. Cheilocystidia 25 — 30 x 13.0 — 19.0 wm, clavate or ventricose-rostrate. Hymenophoral trama regular, hyaline, comprising parallel hyphae, 4.0 — 11.0 um diam. Pileipellis a repent epicutis of tightly woven hyphae, 4.0—7.0 um diam. Specimens examined: China: Sichun, Miyi, 3000 m alt., under Quercus pannosae, 27 July 1984, Ming-sheng Yuan, HKAS 19947 (holotype); Sichun, Yajiang, 3400 m alt., under Quercus aquilioidis, 4 Aug. 1985, Wen-xian Li, HKAS 16977; Sichun, Xiangcheng, 3600 m alt., under Quercus spp., 17 July 1998, Z. -L Yang, HKAS 32450; Sichun, Xiangcheng, 3900 malt., under Quercus spp., 17 July 1998, Z. -L Yang, HKAS 32449. DISCUSSION Tricholoma zangii 1s closely related to 7. matsutake. The latter is found under species of Pinus, Picea and Tsuga, growing at 1500 — 2800 m altitude, whilst 7. zangii occurs under Quercus at 3000 — 3900 m altitude. Macroscopically, 7 zangii has a paler brown pileus and a weaker odour than 7 matsutake, whereas, microscopically, the latter lacks cheilocystidia. However, the ‘nearly multiangular spore form’ mentioned for 7’ zangii by Zang (1990) cannot be confirmed, and 162 does not offer a reliable distinction. Basidiomes of 7’ zangii are reported to contain significantly less methionine than those of 7 matsutake, which could reflect differences in host (Zang 1990, Wang B. 1995, Wang M. -F. 1997). Throughout ~ China, several related species occur but systematic study has remained inadequate to clarify the situation. The Section Caligata is abundant in the southwest and the northeast of China, especially in the Hengduan Mountains of the Tibetan Plateau (Tai 1979, Wang M. -F. 1997, Xian 1989). Collections of 7 matsutake from the northeast are similar to those from Japan in both morphology and habitat, while in the southwest variations occur (Liao et al. 1989). Tominaga et al. (1988) proposed a new variety from Sichuan Province, under the name 7’ matsutake var. ginggang Y. Tominaga, but without a Latin diagnosis or description. When publishing his new species, however, Zang (1990) did not mention Tominaga and his colleagues’ publication. It is generally accepted that 7. zangii grows in oak forests or mixed forests of oak and pine, with Quercus aquifolioides Rehd. & Wils., QO. pannosa Hand-Mazz., QO. rehderiana Hand-Mazz. and other Quercus species being the main hosts (Zang 1990, Wang B. 1995, Yuan & Shun 1995). It appears that 7° zangii is restricted to the southwest of China, namely Sichun, Yunnan and South-eastern Tibet, but 7. matsutake is distributed over the northeast and the southwest of China. Tricholoma zangii produces fruitbodies from late June to early September, whereas 7’ matsutake flushes from early August to late September. Hitherto, clamp-connexions are not reported from the Section Caligata. In the holotype of 7. zangii and in one specimen of 7. matsutake (HMAS 61579) clamp-connexions have been observed at the base of the basidiome primordium. Commonly there is a thick and solid stipitipellis covering the base and on associated mycelial cords. The presence of clamp-connexions is known to be an unreliable character in a number of Tricholomataceae genera (Furtado 1966). There are three species of the Section Caligata, namely T. bakamatsutake Hongo and T. fulvocastaneum Hongo from Japan, and 7. zangii from China, which are confirmed to form ectomycorrhizal associations with species of Quercus. Tricholoma bakamatsutake occurs at 2000 — 2800 m alt., forming small basidiomes with a weak odour, whilst 7 fulvocastaneum can be found at any altitude and lacks any characteristic odour (Qing & Li 1990). A project employing molecular methods is currently under way to elucidate the relationship between the Zricholoma species of oak forests and those of pine forests. 163 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors wish to thank Prof. R. P. Korf for serving as pre-submission reviewer and for his valuable comments and suggestions. They are indebted to Prof. M. Zang for discussion on the fungal species involved. The curator of Herbarium of Cryptogams, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, is thanked for a loan of the type material of 7’ zangii and other collections. This project is supported by National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (30025002) from National Natural Science Foundation of China and by Key Research Direction of Renovation Programme (KSCX2-SW-101C) and the scheme of Introduction of Overseas Outstanding Talents, operated by Chinese Academy of Sciences. REFERENCES Bergius, N. & Danell, E. (2000). The Swedish matsutake (7richoloma nauseosum syn. 7’ matsutake): distribution, abundance and ecology. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 15: 318-325. Furtado, J. S. (1966). Significance of the clamp-connection in the Basidiomycetes. Persoonia 4: 125-144. Hosford, D., Pilz, D., Molina, R. & Amaranthus, M. (1997). Ecology and Management of the Commercially Harvested American Matsutake Mushroom. 68pp. General Technical Report, PNW-GTR-412. US. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR. Liao, S. -Y., Len, H. -Q. & Liu, B. (1989). Ecoenvironment of Tricholoma matsutake in Sichuan Province. Edible Fungi of China 3: 22-24. (in Chinese). Murnrill, W. A. (1949). Florida Tricholomas. Lloydia 12: 62-69. Qing, S. -Y. & Li, W. -H. (1990). A preliminary investigation on the original plants of the commercial Tricholoma matsutake in Sichuan. Edible Fungi of China 10 (5): 25-26. (in Chinese). Tai, F. -L. (1979). Sylloge Fungorum Sinicorum. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese). Tominaga, Y., Xian, M. -Y. & Tang, L.-M. (1988). On the matsutake mushroom in the Republic of China. II. Matsutake mushroom in Barkan Prefecture and Xiaojin Prefecture of Sichuan Province. Bulletin of the Heroshima Agricultural College 8: 559-570. (in Japanese). 164 Wang, B. (1995). A comparative study on ecology and nutritive value of Tricholoma matsutake and T. quercicola. Acta Ediblis Fungi 2(1): 32-35. | (in Chinese). Wang, M. -F. (1997). Comparative study of Chinese, Japanese and Mexican Tricholoma matsutake. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences 10(3): 86-91. (in Chinese). Wang, Y., Hall, I. R. & Evans, L. A. (1997). Ectomycorrhizal fungi with edible fruiting bodies 1. Tricholoma matsutake and related fungi. Economic Botany 51: 311-327. Xian, M. -Y. (1989). Distribution and ecology of matsutake in Sichuan. Edible Fungi 4: 18-19. (in Chinese). Yuan, M. -S. & Shun, P. -Q. (1995) Sichuan Mushroom. Sichuan Science and Technology Press, Chengdu, China. (in Chinese). Zang, M. (1990). A taxonomic and geographic study on the Song Rong (matsutake) group and its allied species. Acta Mycologica Sinica 9: 113-127. (in Chinese). MYCOTAXON Volume LXXXV, pp. 165-173 January-March 2003 NEW AND RARE RUST FUNGI (UREDINALES) FROM ANATOLIA (TURKEY) Zeliha Bahcecioglu ' & Halvor B. Gjzerum 7 "Indnii University, Biology Dept. Sci. and Art Fac., Malatya, Turkey. e-mail: zbahcecioglu@inonu.edu.tr * Norwegian Crop Research Institute, Hogskoleveien 7, N-1432 As, Norway. e-mail: pl.sjuk@planteforsk.no Abstract: Eleven rust species, one of which was identified only to sp., are reported from Anatolia in Asia Minor, Turkey. Four species are described as new, viz., Puccinia malatyensis on Johrenia berytea, P. onosmatis on Onosma sericea, P. umbilicicola on Umbilicus erectus and P. yildizii on Echinophora tenuifolia. P. lactucarum on Scariola viminea and Uromyces eurotiae on Krascheninnikovia ceratoides are reported as new members of the Turkish rust flora. Petrorhagia alpina represents a new host genus for Uromyces dianthi while Clinopodium vulgare ssp. arundanum does so for Puccinia menthae in Turkey. Keywords: Puccinia, Uromyces, new species, Anatolia, Turkey. Introduction In Turkey the number of vascular plant species is estimated at 9000 of which 3000 are endemic (Davis 1965-1985, Davis et al. 1988, Giiner et al. 2000). It is known that richness of host species is an important factor on microfungi diversity. Therefore, Turkey has a rich flora of microfungi. There have been some researches on Turkish microfungi (Karel 1958, Henderson 1964, Bahcecioglu 1998, 2001), but the knowledge of microfungal flora of Turkey is still at an early stage of development. The present study was carried out in the Sivas and Malatya provinces which are main centres of endemism in Turkey. Materials and methods The material were collected in the years of 1993-2001, prepared according to established herbarium practice and the spores were mounted in lactophenol The host names follow the Flora of Turkey and the Aegean Islands (Davis 1965-1985). Enumeration Puccinia caricina DC. s. lat. - Fl. Fr. 5: 60, 1815. On Carex hordeistichos Vill. (Cyperaceae). Malatya, Arapgir, 1000 m, 03-VII- 1993, Z. Bahcecioglu 177, II. Uredinia amphigenous, brown. Urediniospores 27-37 x 21-27um, mostly obovoid or ellipsoid, more rarely subgloboid, walls 1.5-2(-2.5)um thick, pale brown with 2(-3) equatorial pores.This rust corresponds well to the description given by Zwetko (1993) of a rust on the same host in Austria. Henderson (1964) reported it on 166 the same host from Sivas, Asia Minor, where also only uredinia were present. Moesz (1940) and Hinkova (1981) reported it on the same host from Hungary and Bulgaria, respectively (Moesz as P. caricis [Schum.] Rebent.). Puccinia lactucarum H. & P. Syd. - Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 51: 7, 1901. On Scariola viminea (L.) F.W. Schmidt (syn. Lactuca viminea [L.| J. & C. Presl.). (Asteraceae). Sivas, Zara, Tédiirge lake, 1300 m, 14-VIII-1996, Z. Bahcecioglu 1191, II. Telia on leaves, blackish brown. Teliospores 31-39 x 25-30um, mostly ellipsoid or ovoid, usually rounded at the ends. Walls (2.5-) 3-4.5um thick, brown, verrucose, upper pore apical or often subapical, lower pore equatorial or slightly more depressed. Pedicel hyaline, thin, to 70um long, mostly broken just under the spore wall. P. lactucarum seems to be a new rust species in Turkey. It has previously been reported on this host e.g. from Morocco (Guyot & Malencon 1957 on L. viminea var. chondrilliflora |Bor.] Car. & St.-Lager), and from Crete (Kapsanaki-Gotsi & Pantidou 1987 on L. viminea). The rust is widespread in Central and South Europe, in Asia scattered east to Mongolia. Its main host genus is Lactuca. Puccinia malatyensis Gjerum & Bahcecioglu, sp. nov. (Fig. 1). Etymology: Malatya, province in Turkey. Pycnia, aecidia et uredinia ignota. Telia amphigena, pro parte maxime hypophylla, parva, brunnea. Teliosporae 35-52 x (23-) 26-34um, ellipsoideae, obovoideae vel ovoideae, rare subgloboideae, pariete brunneo (2.5-) 4-4,5um crasso, apicali usque ad 5.5 (-7.5)um, laeve, poro superiore apicali, poro inferiore equatoriali vel interdum prope pedicellum, poris hyalinis papillas tectis. Pedicelli hyalini breves fragiles. t___J, 7047 Fig. 1 Puccinia malatyensis Gjzrum & Bahcecioglu, sp. nov. Teliospores from type 167 Pycnia, aecia and uredinia not seen. Telia amphigenous, mostly hypophyllous, very small, blackish brown. Teliospores 35-52 x (23-) 26-34um, very irregular, ellipsoid, obovoid - ovoid, rarely subgloboid, walls brown, uniformly thick, (2.5-)4- 4.5um, very irregular, apically thickened up to 5.5 (-7.5) um or not thickened at all, smooth, upper pore more or less apical, lower pore equatorial or sometimes nearer the pedicel, covered by hyaline papillae. Pedicels hyaline, broken a few um below the spore. Holotype: Z. Bahcecioglu 215 (Inéniti), Turkey, Asia, Malatya, 25 km from Malatya to Piitiirge, 1400 m, 06-VII-1993, on Johrenia berytea Boiss. & Hausskn. (Apiaceae). Isotype in NCRI. Dietel (1930) described two rust species, Puccinia johreniae on J. fungosa Boiss. and P. johreniae-alpinae on J. alpina Fenzl. Both were described with aecia which have not been seen in the new species. In both species described by Dietel the wall in the lower cells as gradually thinner towards the pedicels while in the new species it is uniformely thick. Puccinia menthae Pers. - Syn. Meth. Fung. p. 227, 1801. On Clinopodium vulgare L. ssp. arundanum (Boiss.) Nyman. (Lamiaceae). Malatya, Venk village, Tavsan hill, 1500-1600 m, 06-VIII-1996, Z. Bahcecioglu 243, II. Uredinia hypophyllous, yellowish brown. Urediniospores 20-27 x 17-20um, subgloboid, ellipsoid or obovoid. Walls c 1um thick, pale brown, echinulate with 2(-3?) obscure equatorial pores.In the specimen studied by us the urediniospore walls are slightly thinner than often given in the literature (1-2um). P. menthae has been reported several times from Turkey on Mentha spp., but also on species of Calamintha, Micromeria and Origanum. Clinopodium seems to be a new host genus for this rust in Turkey, but it has been reported from various countries in Europe, Asia and N. America, also on C. vulgare. Puccinia onosmatis Gjzrum & Bahcecioglu, sp. nov. (Fig. 2). Etymology: from Onosma, a genus in Boraginaceae. Pycnia epiphylla, typus 4. Aecidia aggregata, hypophylla. Peridia longa, alba, revoluta, cellulae peridialis 24-35 x 13-16um, rhomboideae, pariete interiore 2.5-44m crassa, verrucosa, pariete exteriore 2.5-3.5um, striata. Aecidiosporae 24-28 x 20-23um, ellipsoideae vel subgloboideae, pariete 1(-1.5)um crassa, hyalina, dense verruculosa. Uredinia ignota. Telia amphigena, pustulata, nigra, epidermide tecta, cum brunneis paraphysibus. Teliosporae 39-49 x 19-26 (-29)um, ellipsoideae vel clavatae, ad septum saepe constrictae, pariete laterale 1(-1.5)um, brunneolo, apice usque ad 4um, laeve, poro superiore apicali vel subapicali, poro inferiore prope septum, obscuro, pedicello brevi, hyalino. Pycnia epiphyllous, type 4. Aecia in groups, hypophyllous. Peridia long, white, revolute. Peridial cells 24-35 x 13-16um, rhomboid, inner walls 2.5-4um thick, verrucose, outer walls 2.5-3.5um, striate. Aeciospores 24-28 x 20-23um, ellipsoid or subgloboid, walls 1(-1.5)um thick, hyaline, densely verruculose. Uredinia not seen. Telia amphigenous, pustulate, black, long covered by epidermis, loculate with brown paraphyses.Teliospores 39-49 x (17-)19-26 (-29)um, ellipsoid or clavate, often constricted at septum, sidewalls 1(-1.5)um, pale brown, apically thickened to 4um, reddish brown, smooth, upper pore apical or subapical, lower near septum, obscure. Pedicels short, hyaline. 168 Fig. 2 Puccinia onosmatis Gjerum & Bahcecioglu, sp. nov. Telio- and aeciopores from type Holotype: Z. Bahcecioglu 106 (Inénii), Turkey, Malatya, Darende, 1000 m, 25-VI-1993, on Onosma sericea Willd. (Boraginaceae). Isotype in NCRI. To our knowledge no Puccinia has been described on Onosma. Previously Aecidium asperifolii Pers. (syn. A. onosmatis Thtim.) has been reported on several species of Onosma. Pantidou & Henderson (1977) who reported the aecidial stage on Onosma sp. from Greece, indicated it might belong to P. recondita Rob. ex Desm. s. lat. Puccinia poarum Niels. - Bot. Tidsskr. 3, 2: 34, 1877. On Tussilago farfara L. (Asteraceae). Sivas, 10 km N of Sivas, 1500 m, 04-VI-1997, Z. Bahcecioglu 1550, O+I. . Pycnia epiphyllous. Aecia hypophyllous in groups. Peridia long, white, revolute. Aeciospores 20-24 x 16-21um, mostly subgloboid, often somewhat angular, walls 1m thick, densely verrucose with refractive bodies.The aecia were heavily attacked by a Cladosporium sp. P. poarum, host alternating especially with species of Poa, is widespread in Europe and Asia, and occurs also in Africa and the Americas. Bremer et al. (1952) reported aecia on the present host while Henderson (1964) reported uredinia and telia on P. pratensis L. He also mentioned a find of aecia on Petasites hybridus (L.) Gaertner, Meyer & Scherb. which might belong to P. poarum. P. petasiti-poarum Gaumann & Eichhorn described in as alternating between species of Petasites and Poa, developed «unter giinstigen Bedingungen» pycnia on 7. farfara (Géumann 1941). Cummins (1971) and Majewski (1979) listed this species as a synonym of P. poarum. After having compared aeciospores from the type of P. petasiti- poarum (Herb. Z) with aeciospores from Norwegian specimens of 7. farfara, the two aecidial stages might be difficult to separate morphologically. 169 Puccinia umbilicicola Gjzrum & Bahcecioglu, sp. nov. (Fig. 3). Etymology: from Umbilicus, a genus in Crassulaceae. Pycnia, aecidia et uredinia ignota. Telia amphigena, parva, dense fasciculata, circa 1 cm lata, vel confluentia, epidermide tecta, nigra. Teliosporae 44-74 x 20-29um, ellipsoideae, obovoideae, clavatae, saepe irregulares, apices rotundatae, truncatae vel attenuatae, paries laevis, cellula inferiore 1-1.5um crassa, cellula superiore 3-4um, ad apicem usque 9 (-13)um, spadiceus, apicali brunneo, poro superiore apicali, poro inferiore prope septum, obscuro. Pedicelli usque ad 21m longi, saepe fracti. Sporae unicellulares 41-55 (-70) x 23-30um, irregulares. Fig.3 Puccinia umbilicicola Gjerum & Bahcecioglu, sp. nov. Teliospores from type Pycnia, aecia and uredinia not seen. Telia amphigenous, small, in dense clusters about 1 cm wide or confluent, long covered by epidermis, black. Teliospores 44-74 x 20-29um, ellipsoid, obovoid, clavate, often irregular, apically rounded, truncate or oblique attenuate, walls smooth, in lower cells 1-1.5um thick, in upper cells 3-4um, apically thickened to 9 (-13)um, pale brown, apically brown, upper pore apical, lower pore near septum, very obscure. Pedicels up to 21um long, often broken shorter. One- celled spores 41-55(-70) x 23-30um, irregular. Holotype: Z. Bahcecioglu 235 (Inénii), Turkey, Asia Minor, Malatya, Venk village, Tavsan Hill, 1500-1600 m, 06-VIII-1996, on Umbilicus erectus DC. (Crassulaceae). Isotype in NCRI. The species differs from P. umbilici Guepin especially in the form and size of the teliospores which in P. umbilici are regularly ellipsoid and smaller ( e.g. in Wilson & Henderson 1966 20-35 x 17-26um) with walls uniformly thick, 1.5-2um, rarely with a few verrucae. Puccinia sp. On Scorzonera sp. (Asteraceae). Sivas, Bing6l tuzlas, 1300 m, 04-VI-1997, Z. Bahcecioglu 1587, 0+I. 170 Pycnia epiphyllous, type 4. Aecia hypophyllous covering the whole leaf, pustulate, peridia white. Aeciospores 25-38 x 20-30um, ellipsoid, subgloboid or angular, walls 15m thick, densely verruculose, pores obscure. Two rust species are in question, viz. P. jackyana Gaum. and P. podospermi DC. As nothing is known about the host identity the identification of the rust species will be uncertain. It should however be mentioned that Henderson (1964) reported P. podospermi from Asia Minor. Puccinia yildizii Gjerum & Bahcecioglu, sp. nov. (Fig. 4). Etymology: in honour of Dr. B. Yildiz, teacher of the first author of this publication. Pycnia et aecia ignota. Uredinia et telia in caule et amphigena, rotundata, saepe confluentia formantes sori longi pulverulentes. Uredinia brunnea, telia atrofusca, saepe inter uredinia dispersa. Urediniosporae (22-) 27-30 (-33) x 18-23um, ellipsoideae vel obovoideae, parietes pallide luteoli, 1.5-2 (-2.4)um crassi, echinulati, cum 2-3 equatorialibus poris. Teliosporae 32-37 (41) x 23-26um, ellipsoideae sparsim vel obovoideae ad septum leviter constrictae, paries 2-2.5um crassus, cinnamomeus, ad apicem usque 3-3.5um, verruculosus, poro superiore apicali, poro inferiore prope pedicellum, pedicelli usque ad 40pm longi, pro parte maxime decidui. Fig. 4 Puccinia yildizii Gjzrum & Bahcecioglu, sp. nov. Teliospores from type Pycnia and aecia not seen. Uredinia and telia on stems and amphigenous on leaves, roundish, often confluent forming long sori, pulverulent, uredinia brown, telia dark brown, often mixed with uredinia. Urediniospores (22-) 27-30 (-33) x 18-23um, ellipsoid or obovoid, walls pale yellowish, 1.5-2 (-2.5)um thick, distantly echinulate with 2-3 equatorial pores, covered with low, hyaline papillae. Teliospores 32-37 (-41) x 23-26um, ellipsoid or obovoid, slightly constricted at septum, walls 2-2.5um thick, cinnamon brown, apically thickened to 3-3.5 um, verruculose. Upper pore apical, lower pore near the pedicel. Pedicels up to 40m long, mostly deciduous or broken just below the spore. 17] Holotype: Z. Bahcecioglu 209 (Inénii), Turkey, Malatya, Arapgir, Eynir village, 1100 m, 03-VII-1993, on Echinophora tenuifolia L. (Apiaceae). Isotype in NCRI. P. yildizii differs from P. echinophorae Brandenburger & M. Steiner on E. scabra Gilli having shorter uredinio- and teliospores. Urediniospore walls are uniformly thick while in E. echinophorae they are apically thickened to 3-4.5um. Teliospores of P. yildizii are verrucose while smooth in the other. P. echinophorae has been reported by Durrieu (1975) on E. scabra from Afghanistan. Uromyces dianthi Niessl.- Verh. Naturf. Ver. Briinn 10: 162, 1872. Syn. U. caryophyllinus Wint. - Rabh. Krypt.-Fl. Ed. 2,1: 149,1882. On Bufonia virgata Boiss. (Caryophyllaceae). Malatya, Akcadag, Levent, 1300 m, 26-IX-1992, B. Yildiz 9958, III. On Petrorhagia alpina (Habl.) P.W. Ball & Heywood (syn. Gypsophila alpina Habl.). (Caryophyllaceae). Malatya, Venk village, 1100 m, 08-VI-1995, B. Yildiz, 12550, III. Telia on stems, sori up to 19 mm long, more or less covered by the cracked epidermis. Teliospores of B. virgata (21-) 24-27 (-30) x 20-24um, walls 2-2.5 (-3.5), of P. alpina (25-) 29-31 x (22-) 25-31um, walls (1.5-) 2-2.5 (-3)um thick, for both hosts the spores are subgloboid, ellipsoid or obovoid, brown, young spores yellowish, densely and finely verrucose with a low hyaline papilla over the pore. Pedicel hyaline, often broken. U. dianthi is a widespread rust species occurring on many caryophyllaceous genera, but on Bufonia it sems to be fairly rare. On B. virgata it has previously been reported by Maire (1906 as U. caryophyllinus [Schr.] G. Wint.) from Cappadocia. H. & P. Sydow (1908) and Bornmiiller (1911) recorded the rust on B. macrocarpa Ser. from Iran while Guyot (1967 as U. caryophyllinus)) reported it on B. tenuifolia L. from Spain. Petrorhagia seems to be a new host genus for the rust. In Turkey it has been reported by Bahcecioglu & Isiloglu (1996) and by Bahcecioglu & Yildiz (1996) on Gypsophila pilosa Hudson and Dianthus floribundus Boiss., respectively. Uromyces eurotiae Tranzschel. — Ann. Mycol. 5: 547, 1907. On Krascheninnikovia ceratoides (L.) Giildenst. (syn. Eurotia ceratoides (L.) C.A. Meyer). (Chenopodiaceae). Sivas, between Kangal and Giiriin, 1400 m, 10-VI-1996, B. Yildiz 13815, II. Uredinia amphigenous, mostly hypophyllous, brown. Urediniospores 22-29 x 18-22m, ellipsoid or obovoid, rarely subgloboid, walls (1-)1.5-2um, yellowish brown, echinulate with mostly 3 (2-4) pores, approximately equatorial. This rust was described only with telia. It has been reported from Ukraina to Kirgizia, the host given as E. ceratoides, the only known, so far. U. eurotiae is a new member of the rust flora of Turkey. Vasjagina (1966) might be the first one who mentioned uredinia, but without description. Description of the spores was given e.g. by Kuprevich & UI’janischev (1975). 72 References. Bahcecioglu, Z. 1998. Contributions to the Mycobiota of Turkey - three new records of Puccinia for Turkey. — Pl. Dis. Res. 13 (2): 215-217. - Bahcecioglu, Z. 2001. New records of Pucciniaceae for Turkey. — Pl. Dis. Res. 16 (1): 17-22. Bahcecioglu, Z. & Isiloglu, M. 1996. Parasitic fungi of Malatya Province (East Anatolia). - In Oztiirk, Seemen & Gork, G: Plant life in southwest and Central Asia, pp. 414-426 Bahcecioglu, Z. & Yildiz, B. 1996. Parasitic fungi determined in vascular plants present at the herbarium in Indnii University. - XIII Ulusal Biyoloji Kongresi 17-20 Eyliil 1996 pp. 595-604. Istanbul. (In Turkish, Eng. summary). Bornmiiller, J. 1911. Collectiones Straussianae novae. Weitere Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Flora West-Persiens. - Bot. Centralbl., Beih. 28(Abt. I, Heft 3). Fungi, 529- 531% Bremer, H., Karel, G., Biyikogla, K, Gdksel, N. and Petrak, F. 1952. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der parasitischen Pilze der Tiirkei. Basidiomycetes II. - Rev. Fac. Sci. Univ. d’Istanbul, Sér. B, 17 (2): 161-181. ; Cummins, G.B. 1971. The rust fungi of cereals, grasses and bamboos. - Berlin — Heidelberg - New York. Davis, P. H. (ed.). 1965-1985. Flora of Turkey and the Aegean Islands, vol. 1-9. — Edinburgh Univ. press. Davis,P.H., Mill, R.R. & Tan, K. (eds.). 1988. Flora of Turkey and the Aegean Islands, vol. 10 (supplement). - Edinburgh Univ. Press. Dietel, P. 1930. Uber einige neue Puccinia-Arten aus Asien. — Ann. Mycol. 28: 273- DT Durrieu, G. 1975. Micromycetes parasites d’ Afghanistan. - Rev. mycol. 39 (1974-75): 137-171. Gaumann, E. 1941. Uber einige neue Grasroste. - Phytopathol. Z. 13: 624- 641. Guyot, A.L. 1967. Contribution a Il’étude des Urédinées de la Péninsule Ibérique.- Uredineana 6 (1965): 163-272. Guyot, A.L. & Malencon, G. 1957. Urédinées du Maroc. I. - Travaux Inst. Sci. Chérifien, Ser. Bot. No.11. 184 pp. + 3 plates. Giiner, A., Ozhatay, N., Ekim, T. & Baber, K. H. C. (eds). 2000. Flora of Turkey and the Aegean Islands, vol. 11 (supplement 2). Edinburgh Univ. Press. Henderson, D.M. 1964. Uredinales from S.W. Asia. II. The rust fungi of Turkey. - Notes R. Bot.Gard. Edinburgh 25: 197-277. Hinkova, Ts.H.1981. Materials on the rust flora in Bulgaria. II. - Bulg. Acad. Sci., Phytology 17: 58-69. (In Bulgarian, Eng. summary). Kapsanaki-Gotsi, E. & Pantidou, M. 1987. Species of Puccinia on Cichorioideae from Kriti. - Notes R.Bot.Gard. Edinburh 44: 391-409. Karel, G. 1958. A preliminary list of plant diseases in ’Turkey. - Ministry. Agric., Turkey. Kuprevich, V.F. & Yl’janischev, V.I. 1975. Opredelitel’ rzavchinnykh gribov SSR. I.- Minsk. Majewski, T. 1979. Grzyby (Mycota). XI. Podstawezaki (Basidiomycetes). Rdzawnikowe (Uredinales) II. Warszawa - Krakow. 466 pp + 2 tab. 173 Maire, R. 1906. Materiaux pour servir a l’étude de l’orient. Premier fascicule. Etude des champignons récoltés en Asie Mineure (1904). I. - Bull. Soc. Sci. Nancy. 3. Sér. 7: 165-188. Moesz, G. 1940. Fungi hungariae. IV. Basidiomycetes. Pars 1. Uredineae. - Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung. 33: 127-200. Pantidou, M. & Henderson, D.M. 1977. Fungi of Greece VII: New records of rust fungi. - Notes R.B.G. Edinb. 35: 407-414. Sydow, H. & P. 1908. Micromycetes orientales a cl. J. Bornmiiller communicati. — Ann. Mycol. 6: 526-530. Vasjagina, M.P. 1966. Notes ad floramfungi e Tarbagataj, I.- Akad. Nauk. Kazakhskoj SSR Inst. Bot. 4:123-139. Wilson, M. & Henderson, D.M. 1966. British rust fungi. - Cambridge. Zwetko, P. 1993. Rostpilze (Uredinales) auf Carex in Ostalpenraum. Ein neues Artenkonzept. - Bibliot. Mycol. 153. Acknowledgements We are indebted to Dr. B. Yildiz, Indnti University, Malatya, for allowing us to examine and publish some of his rust specimens, to the curators of Herb. W and Herb. Z for lending us type specimens for comparison, and to Eng. Vidar Stensrud, As, for help with typing of the manuscript. bi ‘ A ¥e nee once ‘ Ne ; Nene ae bh Pi ve ( & as oe f eg 3 oe Ge ne ; reves I bah? Dita eg: si tl Rtas Ny ae, vo ber sty chatty eye ite . i: we , Mi Hii om BAG, anerenetnees ce his RRR CAR eth hag a Pe Nuns Gants enn ie a one ae s PA Cipla Ny Chi wed Rly HME. Ru TR Sy fe Ae RA ll cae yee oy eo, ay oy Pikeeia _pnaneaaaeniy a. i A oh at abies rie Phase Jali eae Dee ae iM a i hereon gaa ae, GW | ai aee hse CA? 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By AN Deo ae we ay ne Cs i hk | ‘ j i MYCOTAXON Volume LXXX, pp. 175-182 January-March 2003 TAXONOMIC AND NOMENCLATURAL CLARIFICATION OF THE ONION NECK ROTTING BOTRYTIS SPECIES David S. Yohalem, Karsten Nielsen* and Mogens Nicolaisen Department of Crop Protection, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences Flakkebjerg Research Center, Slagelse, Denmark DK-4200, david.yohalem@agrsci.dk Abstract: Five species of Botrytis are recognized as being associated with neck rot of onions: three of them, B. aclada, B. byssoidea and B. allii, exclusively. Due to the difficulty of distinguishing them by morphological criteria and lack of type material associated with B. aclada and B. allii, several synonomies have been proposed. We suggest that B. aclada and B. allii are both valid names. Species may be differentiated by conidial size, but the character is subtle, variable and there is some overlap. Both the smallest spored group (B. aclada) and the largest spored group (B. byssoidea) have 16 mitotic chromosomes, while the intermediate group (B. ajl/i/) has 32. Based on significant differences in Nei’s coefficient of genetic differentiation derived from universally primed PCR (UP-PCR) fingerprints it was possible to recognize distinctions among the three exclusively neck rot-associated Botrytis spp. and B. cinerea and B. squamosa. Primers, designed from a sequence characterized UP-PCR fragment were used for direct sequencing of DNA from isolates of the 16 chromosome nomengroups. Because of apparent ambiguities in the UP-PCR fragment from the 32-chromosome group, it was cloned and re-sequenced. Sequence alignment and unrooted clustering show identity with the small-spored B. aclada and the large-spored B. byssoidea for the two cloned DNA fragments from the intermediate, B. all/ii. Further, the internally transcribed spacer rDNA (ITS) amplicons of B. aclada have 2 Sphl restriction sites; those of B. allii and B. byssoidea have 1 Sphl site. The cumulative data suggest that the three groups are genetically distinct and that isolates of B. aclada and B. byssoidea — were the ancestors of the polyploid B. alii. Keywords: Botryotinia, universally primed polymerase chain reaction Seven named species of the form genus Botrytis have been associated with diseases of Allium (Hennebert 1973). Of these, five have been associated with the onion neck rot disease. B. aclada Fresenius was described and validly published in 1850, B. alii Munn *Current address: Department of Forensic Genetics Institute of Forensic Medicine University of Copenhagen Frederik V's Vej 11 2100 Copenhagen 176 was described as a species in 1917 and was called the causal agent of sclerotial neck rot by Walker (1925) who also described B. byssoidea Walker, the anamorph of Botryotinia allii (Sawada)Yamamoto as causal agent of mycelial neck rot. In his 1963 -work on the A/lium-associated Botrytis species, Hennebert synonomized B. allii and B. aclada, applying the name B. allii, presumably because there is no known material associated with Fresenius’s description. In 1973, he reversed himself and assigned the earlier B. aclada to the synonomy. Type specimens do not exist for either B. aclada or B. allii, although a mixed collection of Munn’s authentic material is on deposit at the CUP Herbarium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. B. syuamosa Walker, better known as the cause of onion leaf blight, is also the causal agent of small sclerotial neck rot (Owen et al. 1950), while B. cinerea Pers. Fr. is occassionally isolated from decayed onion necks. Lacy and Lorbeer (1995) suggested that B. byssoidea is conspecific with B. aclada. |In the context of developing a molecular method for detection and differentiation of onion-associated Botrytis spp., it was shown that the species B. byssoidea and B. aclada were different species (Nielsen et a/. 2001). In the same work, it was further demonstrated that there are two genetically distinct populations within the B. aclada group. The two groups can also be distinguished by haploid chromosome number (Shirane et al. 1989) and, less clearly, by conidial dimensions (Hennebert 1963, Shirane et a/. 1989, Nielsen and Yohalem 2001). Nielsen and Yohalem (2001) determined the sequences for a universally primed amplification product and showed that ambiguities in the sequence for the larger-spored sub-group of B. aclada can be explained by invoking a hybridization event between an isolate from the small-spored group and one from B. byssoidea. In order to further clarify the taxonomic relationships between the two groups of B. aclada and B. byssoidea we cloned and sequenced the PCR products of the putative hybrids and microscopically examined some of the materials on deposit at the Mycothéque de L’Université catholique de Louvain (MUCL) Herbarium (Belgium) and the Cornell University Plant Pathology (CUP) Herbarium (USA). We also attempted to amplify DNA from the CUP material. Presented here are results of the above investigations and emendations of the descriptions of B. aclada and B. alli. Materials and methods: Specimens, measurements, pathogenicity and statistical analyses. Fungal specimens used in this study and their spore measurements are given in Table 1. One hundred conidia from each specimen were examined and measured at 500 X under Nomarski illumination on a Nikon microscope. Spore measurements were converted to spore volumes (estimated as 0.5 length x 0.5 width x 0.5 width x 4x/3 =width* x length x 2/6) and to length:width ratios. Oneway analyses of variance were performed using the general linear models subroutines in the SAS/STAT program package and multivariate analyses of variance were performed using MANOVA subroutines (SAS version 8.2, SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC). Also examined, but excluded from the table due to paucity of material were CUP-045958 and CUP-047952 from over-wintered onion refuse (East Lansing, Ml); both were collected by Munn. The specimens of B. aclada sensu lato, numbers MUCL8, 17, 18, 99, 109, 335, 403, 487, 488, 489, 494, 568, 602, 1105, 1151, 1161, 1920, 3109, 3528, 3537, 3577, 3578, 3810, 4386, 4387, 4388, 4389, 4390,4391, 4392, 4393, 4394, 4396, 4397 4398, 4400 4401,4402 4403, 4404, 4405, 4406, 4407, 4408, 4409, 4410, 4411, 4412, 4413, 4414, 5938, 6614, 7781, 9114, 9385, 10184, 10186, 18967, 20329, 22451 and 22466 from the MUCL herbarium (Belgian Cooredinated Collection of Microorganisms, Louvain-la- Neuve, Belgium) were examined, but were quite dessicated and resisted rehydration and hence, were exluded from the study. Asterisks after the isolate number mean that living cultures of the indicated isolates were also examined. ea Table 1. Fungal isolates, their origin, substrate of isolation, conidial dimensions, chromosome number and several genetic characters for isolates used in this study. ify Conidial UP- ee Ee em Onin dimensions PCR, Mae #Apol" SPIN eee eS BIN et cee tes ae eRe) nary 9 QEOUD Ce a ey B. aclada BA2 BA2° Denmark Bulbof 9.0(1.4)x54.8(0.6) Al 3 A A. cepa SAL003 IFO9430' Japan A. cepa 8.6(0.8)x4.7(0.6) Al 3 A SAL005 HNO001! Japan A.cepa —_ 8.3(0.8)x4.5(0.5) Al 3 A SAL0069 KF297' Japan A. cepa 8.6(0.9)x4.6(0.5) Al 3 A BA8& MUCL Canada Bulb of 9.1(1.2)x4.8(0.5) Al 3 A 3037" A. cepa BAQ MUCL USA Bulb of 9.2(1.1)x5.2(0.5) Al 3 A 3106" A. cepa BA13 MUCL Germany _ Bulb of ns Al 3 A 8415" A. cepa BA19 B4090" UK Bulb of 10.4(1.5)x5.6(0.7) Al 3 A A. cepa B. allii SAL001 SALO01! Japan A. cepa 10.8(1.5)x6.3(0.5) All 2 A+B SAL002° SAL002' Japan A.cepa 10.2(1.0)x5.7(0.4) All 2 A+B SAL004 HNOO01' Japan A.cepa 10.7(1.6)x6.0(0.5) All 2 A+B BA4 MUCL Holland Bulb of 9.9(1.3)x5.3(0.6) All 2 A+B 403" A. cepa BA6 MUCL Belgium Bulb of 10.3(1.2)x5.9(0.4) All 2 A+B 961" A. cepa BA7 MUCL Norway Bulb of 10.1(1.5)x5.7(0.5) All 2 A+B 1150" A. cepa BA10 MUCL Japan Leaf of 10.6(1.3)x5.8(0.5) All 2 A+B 3109" A. cepa BA11 MUCL Egypt Bulb of 14.1(1.8)x6.3(0.7) All 2 A+B 3614" A. cepa BA16 MUCL Scotland Bulb of 13.0(1.5)x5.9(0.6) All 2 A+B 18868" A. cepa B. byssoidea BB19 MUCL USA Bulb of ns B 2 B 94" A. cepa BB5 MUCL Holland A.cepa ns B 2 B 61135 BB6 B3730 UK A. 11.8(1.2)x7.0(0.5) B 2 B orrum “Average length x width of 100 conidia. Numbers in parentheses are standard errors of the means.; ns = nonsporulating in culture. "Groups of Botrytis isolates based on UP-PCR profiles, Al=B. aclada and All=B. allii (see Nielsen et al. 2001). ‘Number of fragments after Sphl digestion of ITS1-ITS4 amplification product. “Restriction pattern of L45-550 SCAR PCR fragment digested with Apol, A: B .aclada Al type, B: B. byssoidea type (B), A+B: B. allii type (mix of Al and B) (see Nielsen and Yohalem, 2001). “Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences (DIAS), Research Center Flakkebjerg, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark. ‘Dr. M. Masuko, Aburahi Laboratories, Shionogi Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Kako-cho, Shiga 520-34, Japan. °Type, neotype or epitype specimen. "Belgium Coordinated Collection of Microorganisms (BCCM), Université catholique de Louvain, B- 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. 'Dr. Sian R. Kenny, HRI, Wellesbourne, Warwick CV359EF, UK. Virulence of 5 randomly selected isolates of B.aclada sensu lato was assessed and compared to a water control. Onion (cv. Centurion) bulb necks were cut aseptically and inoculated by placing two mycelial discs (9 mm diameter from 14-d PDA cultures cultivated at 21°C under near-UV light) onto the fresh 2-3 cm diameter infection 178 court. Depth of maceration was estimated after incubation in dark moist chambers at 18 °C for 14 d. - Sequence analysis of fungal isolates Sequence characterized DNA fragments of the large-spored sub-group’s DNA were cloned and sequenced. Sequence data were aligned with those previously established for B. byssoidea and for the small-spored sub-group (Nielsen and Yohalem 2001). DNA extraction from the fungal isolates SALOO1, SALOO2 and SALO04 and PCR amplification using the primers BA2f and BA3r was performed according to Nielsen et al. (2002). DNA extraction and amplication was also attempted for the 85 year-old CUP material. One ul of the PCR reaction was used in a cloning reaction using the pCR2.1- TOPO vector from the TOPO™ TA cloning® kit (Invitrogen BV, Groningen, The Netherlands) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Clones were screened for restriction type using the restriction enzyme Apol according to Nielsen et al. (2002). Two clones of each restriction type were selected for sequencing in both directions using the Big-Dye™ Terminator Cycle Sequence Ready Reaction (Applied Biosystems, Warrington, UK) and sequence specific primers. The sequence amplification products were analyzed on an ABI Prism™ 310 Genetic Analyzer (PE Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif., USA.). Sequences were aligned using a word processor. Phylogenetic analysis of UP-PCR L45-550 sequences (Nielsen and Yohalem 2001) was performed using a _ neighbor-joining distance analysis in PHYLIP (Felsenstein 1993). Support for branches was assessed by using one thousand bootstrap replicates of the dataset (Felsenstein 1985), and the analysis was performed with the SEQBOOT, DNADIST, NEIGHBOR and CONSENSE programs in PHYLIP. Phylograms were visualized using the program TREEVIEW (Page 1996). Results and discussion Four clones were sequenced and their sequences compared to the previously determined sequences of B. aclada A1 (sensu Nielsen and Yohalem 2001) and B. byssoidea (Fig. 1). The two cloned sequences each, from SALO02 and SAL004, were identical to the sequences used to characterize B. aclada SALOO3, B. aclada SALO06 and B. byssoidea BB1 over the 401 bp region. Statistically significant differences were observed between the groups of B. aclada sensu Hennebert for spore length, width and volume (P<0.0001, 0.001, and 0.0001, respectively) however there is observed overlap between the groups (Table 1, Fig. 2). No statistically significant difference was found between length to width ratios of the two groups. No difference was observed in pathogenicity to onion among isolates from the two groups of B. aclada Hennebert (0.76 + 0.24 [Where the second number is the standard error] and 0.68 + 0.22 mm, for B. aclada sensu Fresenius and B. allii, respectively) however neither B. cinerea (0.41 + 0.22 mm) nor B. squamosa (0.25 + 0.15 mm) caused as much tissue maceration as they. It is clear that B. byssoidea and B. aclada sensu Hennebert are distinct species (Nielsen et a/. 2001). They can be distinguished morphopogically, although in diagnosis, this distinction relies more on the absence of sporulation in culture for isolates of B. byssoidea than on clearly distinct features of characters that are present. Moreover, conidia of B. aclada sensu Hennebert have fewer nuclei than do those of B. byssoidea (Shirane et al. 1989).The groups can also be separated by UP-PCR group, and by L45-550 sequence data. However, it is clear that we are dealing with three separate species: B. byssoidea, B. aclada sensu Fresenius and 8B. allii (Nielsen et al., 2001, Nielsen and Yohalem, 2001). Additionally, sequence data support the separation of the two groups. The paucity of differences in rDNA ITS sequences between B. aclada sensu Hennebert and B. byssoidea (Nielsen, et a/. 1999) is not inconsistent with 7 reports of lack of variation among species of Fusarium (Lieckfeldt & Seifert 2000) or Armillaria (Schulze et al. 1997) and serves to show the close relationships between members of the form genus. BBS BBtI 8. byssoidea BBG | SALO02-26 4B. alli | SALO02-1b 399 BSG 8. squamosa BS2 BA8 SALO06 SAL003 B. aclada SALO005 SAL002-1a B. alii SALO02-2a BC3 I B. cinerea 0.01 Figure 1. Neighbor joining tree of the sequenced UP-PCR DNA fragment L45-550. Only data for SALOO2 of the B. allii isolates are presented. Isolates were direct sequenced except for SALO02, which was cloned and sequenced. Number at major branches indicates number of occurences of the cluster to right of the branch among 1000 bootstrap trees generated Bar represents genetic distance. Distinctions can be made between B. aclada sensu Fresenius and B. allii sensu Munn (called group II in Nielsen and Yohalem 2001). B. aclada has statistically significantly, although subtly, smaller conidia than B. allii (Nielsen and Yohalem 2001, Shirane et al. 1989). The two species group independently by UP-PCR analysis. Sequence data show that the two different cloned fragments from B. allii are identical with those of B. aclada and B. byssoidea (Fig.1), which supports the hypothesis of interspecific hybridization as opposed to autodiploidy, as suggested by Shirane et al. (1989). Shirane et al. (1989) also report the presence of ’threadlike structures’ in association with chromosomes of all Botrytis species examined. In contrast with expectation and unexplained, is the presence of only one threadlike structure in nuclei of B. allii. However, they suggest that a second ’threadlike structure’ may have been present and unobserved due to interference with chromosomal material. B. aclada ITS sequences are digested at two loci, B. byssoidea ITS rDNA is digested at one site, and there is a single site within the ITS sequence of B. allii digested bySphl, which is also in conflict with expectation. This may, however, be resolved by invoking concerted 180 Figure 2. Conidia of: A. B. aclada, isolate SALO06 (CUP 65773, Cornell University, Ithaca NY), the neotype; and B. B. allii isolate SALO02 (CUP 65774), the epitype, mounted in water and observed at 500X magnification under Nomarski optics. 18] evolution or, alternatively, the possibility of a different parental clone. We suggest that the scenario of B. aclada and B. byssoidea hybridizing through hyphal anastomosis and subsequent karyogamy during coinfection of an Allium as the plausible origin of B. allii. Although no specimen has been found in association with Fresenius’ description of B. aclada, the inclusion of drawings with his description serves to validly typify the name (Fresenius 1850). In synonymizing B. aclada with the later B. alli, Hennebert (1963) suggested that Fresenius’s material may have been immature (noting that this would explain the apparent difficulty of spore detachment from the substrate that Fresenius mentions and draws, as well as accounting for the disparity in spore dimensions) and that Munn may have ignored the possibility when he described B. allii. However, Hennebert also observed two classes of isolates: a large-spored and a small- spored group. This observation is supported by those of Shirane et a/. (1989) and Nielsen and Yohalem (2001). The morphological distinction, although subtle, supports the recognition of the two groups as distinct species. Therefore, we propose that the name B. aclada Fresenius be reserved for the small-spored sub-group of sclerotial neck rot inducing Botrytis and that B. allii Munn be exclusiviey applied to the larger-spored subgroup and that the names be epitypified with the specimens described below, which have been described morphologically, cytologically and genetically. Botrytis aclada Fresenius 1850 Beitrage zur Mykologie. Frankfurt am Main. p. 16-17. Taffel Il Figs. 23-24.--- Abundant production of dense hyaline or light gray-brown ovoid- oblong conidia, 6.5-8.6-11.0 x 4.0-4.6-6.0 um, from terminal ampullae on short, dark dichotomously branching conidiophores. Dark gray-brown in potato dextrose agar culture. Few, if any sclerotia in culture, but relatively abundant on artificially inoculated onion necks. Sixteen mitotic chromosomes. UP-PCR group Al, 3 rDNA internal transcribed sequence Sphl restriction fragments. L45 sequence group A. GenBank accession number AJ291480. Habit: in decaying onion necks. Teleomorph unknown. Epitype CUP 65773. An iso-epitype has been deposited with the MUCL (MUCL#44702) and living cultures are deposited with the American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA, USA and with the MUCL. Botrytis allii Munn 1917 New York (Geneva) Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 437:396-97. Plates |- Ill, Figs.1, 3 ,4 ,5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 23, & 24, Plate VII, Plate XI, Fig. 1 --- Abundant production of dense hyaline or light gray-brown ovoid-oblong conidia, 9-10.2-15.0 x 5- 5.7-6.5 um, from terminal ampullae on short, dark dichotomously branching conidiophores. Dark gray-brown in potato dextrose agar culture. Few, if any sclerotia in culture, but more or less abundant on artificially inoculated onion necks. Thirty-two mitotic chromosomes, UP-PCR group All, 2 rDNA internal transcribed sequence Sphl restriction fragments. L45 sequence groups A and B. GenBank accession numbers AJ291480 & AJ291481.Teleomorph unknown. Hab. in decaying onion necks. Epitype CUP 65774. An iso-epitype has been deposited with the MUCL (MUCL#44071) and living cultures are deposited with the American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA, USA and with the MUCL. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Danish Ministry of Agriculture: Biological and microbiological control of pests (1996-2000) program, Ecological Agricultural Program (F@JO |), and grants from the Danish Institute of Agriculatural Sciences. 182 Literature : Felsenstein, J. 1985. Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39: 783-791. Felsenstein, J. 1993. PHYLIP (Phylogenetic inference package) version 3.5c. Distributed by the author. Department of Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle. Fresenius, G. 1850. Beitrage zur Mykologie. Frankfurt am Main. p. 16-17. Taffel II Figs. 23-24. Hennebert, G.L. 1963. Les Botrytis des Allium. Meded LandbHoogessch riasca Gent 28: 851-876. Hennebert, G.L. 1973. Botrytis and Botrytis-like genera. Persoonia 7: 183-204. Lacy, M.L. and J.W. Lorbeer. 1995. Botrytis neck rot. In: Schwartz, H.F., S.K. Mohan, eds. Compendium of oinion and garlic diseases. APS Press, St Paul. P. 18- 19. Munn, M.T. 1917. Neck rot disease of onions. New York (Geneva) Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 437:363-455. Lieckfeldt E. and K.A. Seifert. 2000. An evaluation of the use of ITS sequences in the taxonomy of the Hypocreales. Studies in Mycology 45:35-44. Nielsen, K., A.F Justesen, and D.S. Yohalem. 1999. PCR based detection of latent infection of Botrytis aclada Fres. in onion bulbs. Petria 9: 105-108. Nielsen, K., A.F Justesen, D.F. Jensen and D.S. Yohalem. 2001. Universally primed polymerase chain reaction alleles and internal transcribed spacer restriction length frangemnt polymorphism distinguish between two subgroups in Botrytis aclada distinct from B. byssoidea. Phytopathology 91:527-533. Nielsen, K., D.F. Jensen and D.S. Yohalem. 2002. PCR detection and RFLP differentiation of Botrytis species associated with neck rot of onion. Plant Dis. 86:682-686. Nielsen, K. and D.S. Yohalem. 2001. Origin of a polyploid Botrytis pathogen through interspecific hybridization between Botrytis aclada and byssoidea. Mycologia 93: 1064-1071. Owen, J.H., J.C. Walker and M.A. Stahmann. 1950. Variability in neck-rot fungi. Phytopathology 40: 749-768. Page, R.D.M. 1996. TREEVIEW: an application to display phylogenetic tree on personal computers. Comp Appl Biosci 12:357-358. Shirane, N., M. Masuko amd Y. Hayashi. 1989. Light microscopic observations of nuclei and mitotic chromosomes of Botrytris species. Phytopathology 79:728-730. Schulze, S., G. Bahnweg, E.M. Moller, H. Sandermann. 1997. Identification of the genus Armillaria by specific amplification of an rDNA-ITS fragment and evaluation of genetic variation within A. ostoyae by rRNA-RFLP and RAPD analysis. Eur. J. For. Pathol. 27:225-239. Walker, J.C. 1925. Two undescribed species of Botrytis associated with the neck rot disease of onion bulbs. Phytopathology 15: 708-713. MYCOTAXON Volume LXXXV, pp. 183-186 January-March 2003 VOLVOLEPIOTA AND MACROLEPIOTA — MACROLEPIOTA VELOSA, A NEW SPECIES FROM ) CHINA Else C. Vellinga Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California at Berkeley, 111 Koshland Hall # 3102, Berkeley CA 94720-3102, U.S.A. / National Herbarium, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands. Email ecvellinga@attbi.com Zhu L. Yang Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, P. R. China. Email zlyang@public.km.yn.cn A new volvate Macrolepiota species from China, M. velosa, is described, and Volvolepiota is synonymized with Macrolepiota. Two new names in Macrolepiota are proposed, viz. M. pulchella for V. brunnea, and M. brunnescens for V. albida. Keywords: distribution, taxonomy, systematics While studying the agarics in the province of Yunnan, in southwestern China, the second author collected a peculiar species of the genus Macrolepiota Singer. The slender basidiocarps are provided with a volva, and veil remnants are present as whitish patches on the pileus on top of the dark brown squamules. These characters, especially the presence of a volva, were used by Rick (1938) to distinguish the genus Lepiotella. Unfortunately, Lepiotella Rick is a homonym of Lepiotella (E.J. Gilbert) Konrad described in 1934. Singer (1953) examined Rick’s specimens of L. brunnea, the type species, and at that time called these “merely a volvate Macrolepiota (Lepiotas of the procera-type).’ Later, Singer (1959) proposed the new name Volvolepiota for Lepiotella Rick. Heinemann & de Meijer (1996) also concluded that ‘Volvolepiota may not be fundamentally different from Macrolepiota by virtue of the volva, which is only more conspicuous in the former genus’, but nevertheless retained Vo/volepiota as a separate genus. Molecular investigations of the ITS-regions have shown that species with a volvate base and velar remnants on the pileus do indeed form a separate clade, but this clade is situated either within Macrolepiota in the strict sense or at the base of the Macrolepiota clade (Vellinga et al., 2003, the clade with Macrolepiota spec. nov. | and 4). The most obvious morphological difference between Volvolepiota and Macrolepiota is the presence of a volva in the former. Cylindrical cheilocystidia are found in Volvolepiota species and in M. clelandii Grgur. The spores in Volvolepiota are relatively small, not exceeding 15 um, whereas Macrolepiota species (Macrolepiota 1s taken in the emended sense of Vellinga et al., 2003) have spores 11 tm and longer (up to 28.5 tm long in M. clelandit). The apparent absence of clamp-connections in Volvolepiota (though they are reported to be present in the stipe context (Singer, 1953)), is not unique; clamp- 184 connections are difficult to find in M. mastoidea as well. More important are the similarities between the two: the trichodermal pileus covering (though with clavate and hyphal elements in Volvolepiota brunnea (Rick) Singer), the germ pore which is an interruption of the episporium, and the presence of a stipe covering. The differences do not warrant a separate genus, and Volvolepiota is accordingly considered a synonym of Macrolepiota, and the present new taxon is described as a member of the genus Macrolepiota. A new name in Macrolepiota is necessary for Volvolepiota brunnea; Macrolepiota pulchella de Meijer & Vellinga, nom. nov., is proposed (basionym: Lepiotella brunnea Rick in Lilloa 2: 251. 1938, non Macrolepiota brunnea (Farlow & Burt) Wasser, 1993). Macrolepiota brunnescens Vellinga, nom. nov., is proposed for V. albida Singer (basionym: Volvolepiota albida Singer in Bol. Soc. arg. Bot. 8: 12. 1959, non Macrolepiota albida (Beeli) Heinem., 1969). The name refers to the fact that the species is said to discolour brown in all parts (Singer, 1959). Volvate Macrolepiota species appear to be widespread, and are now known from northeast Australia, southwestern China, and South America. They seem to have a more tropical distribution than the other Macrolepiota species. Macrolepiota procera (Vittad.) Singer and allies are widespread in temperate regions, and so are species of the complex around M. mastoidea (Fr.: Fr.) Singer. The macroscopic description of the new species from China ts based on the field notes of the second author and his photographs of the material. For microscopic examination the material was revived in Congo Red in 10 % ammonia solution. The notation [36, 3, 2] indicates that measurements were made on 36 spores in three samples in two collections. The following abbreviations are used: avl for average length, avw for average width, Q for quotient of length and width, and avQ for average quotient. Macrolepiota velosa Vellinga & Zhu L. Yang, spec. nov. — Fig. 1. Pileus squamis brunneis, et pannis volvatis albidis, stipes basi volvatus, sporae 8.0-10.0 x 6.0-7.0 tum, cheilocystidia 44-68 x 4.5-7.5 um, cylindracea, fibulae non observatae. Typus hic designatus: “China, Yunnan Prov.: Jinghong, Damenglong, 14-VIII-1995, Z. L. Yang 2172 (Holotypus HKAS 29487; isotypus L)”. Pileus 7-9 cm, plano-convex with wide indistinct umbo, dark brown and tufted-plushy at centre, around centre with brown to dark brown squamules, sometimes with purplish tinge, on brownish to pale brownish or grey with purplish tinge, radially fibrillose background, and with white to dirty white membranous volval remnants as patches on the surface. Lamellae free and remote from stipe, not ventricose, whitish, with white cystidiose edge. Stipe 10-17 x 0.4-1.0 cm, cylindrical, widened at utmost base (up to 1.3 cm), brownish to purplish brown, paler at apex, finely fibrillose or squamulose, hollow. Annulus ascending, whitish on upperside with brown rim, and brownish underside. Volva limbate, white, membranous. Context in pileus white, in stipe white, with pinkish to brownish tinge. Smell indistinct. Taste indistinct or mild. Spores [56, 5, 4] 8.0-10.0(-11.0) x 6.0-7.0 pm, avl x avw = 9.3 x 6.6 um, Q = 1.3- 1.5, avQ = 1.4, amygdaloid-ellipsoid in side-view, ellipsoid in frontal view, with thickened wall, with apical central germ pore, covered by a hyaline cap, congophilous, cyanophilous, dextrinoid, and metachromatic in Cresyl Blue. Basidia 25-30 x 9.5-11.5 um, 4-spored, without clamp connection. Lamella edge sterile, made up of tightly 185 Fig. 1. Macrolepiota velosa — Habitus, spores, basidia, cheilocystidia and pileus covering at centre of pileus. All from holotype. Bar 1 cm (habitus), 10 1m (microscopic structures). packed cheilocystidia. Cheilocystidia 44-68 x 4.5-7.5 um, cylindrical, some slightly widened at apex, with rounded apex, with greyish-granular contents, and refractive patch at apex. Pleurocystidia absent. Squamules on pileus made up of ellipsoid to subglobose brown-walled elements in chains; terminal elements up to 100 x 25 um, often clavate or broadly clavate; some brown cylindrical hyphae, 5-8 um in diameter present as well; squamules at centre rather regular (see Fig. 1), close to pileus margin more irregularly arranged, with a wider range of cell sizes. Velar patches made up of hyaline, non-coloured, cylindrical narrow hyphae, c. 2-4 im wide. Stipitipellis a cutis of 186 brown-coloured hyphae with irregular loose-lying, cylindrical hyphae, c. 5-10 um in diameter. Clamp-connections not observed at base of basidia, cheilocystidia, nor in pileus covering and velum remnants. Habitat & distribution. — Solitary, terrestrial in dry monsoon forest, in tropical limestone monsoon forest, and in tropical seasonal forest, 600-800 m a.s.l. Probably not uncommon in Yunnan. Collections examined: China, Yunnan Prov., Jinghong, Damenglong, 14-VIII-1995, Z.L. Yang 2172 (Holotype HKAS 29487, isotype L) (nrITS sequence GenBank accession number AF482853); Mengla County, Menglun Nature Reserve, 12-VIII- 1988, Z.L. Yang 381 (HKAS 21808); ibidem, 2-1X-1990, Z.L. Yang 1271 (HKAS 23312); Mengla County, Menglun, Botanical Garden, 21-X-1989, Z.L. Yang 767 (HKAS 22131). Macrolepiota pulchella resembles M. velosa, but differs in forming longer spores (10- 14.5 x 6.0-7.5 tm, personal observations), shorter cheilocystidia (23-42 um long), and pileus squamules made up of clavate elements and long, colourless emerging hyphae. Heinemann & de Meijer (1996) gave an extensive description of M. pulchella (as V. brunnea). Macrolepiota eucharis Vellinga & Halling, described from the rainforest of northeastern Australia, differs in bigger spores (10.8-15.5 x 7.0-9.0 um), wider and shorter cheilocystidia (25-53 x 5.0-12 tm), and a different structure of the pileus covering, lacking ellipsoid to globose or clavate elements. The basidiocarps of Macrolepiota brunnescens, described from Argentina (as V. albida), are less slender than those of M. velosa; both species have velar patches on the pileus. The spores of M. brunnescens are 9.5-11 x 6.5-8.5(-10) um (Heinemann & de Meijer, 1996), versus 8.0-10.0 x 6.0-7.0 xm in M. velosa. In addition, M. brunnescens is said to discolour brown in all parts (Singer, 1959). Macrolepiota clelandii Grgur. superficially resembles M. velosa because of the slender habit and the brown squamose pileus, but differs in the absence of a volva, the predominantly 2-spored basidia and the much bigger spores; even spores of 4-spored basidia measure 12.5-16.5 x. 8.5-10 xm; spores from 2-spored basidia are up to 28.5 x 13.6) pia} Acknowledgments Jan Frits Veldkamp was so kind as to provide the Latin diagnosis, and John Lennie gave linguistic advice. Dennis E. Desjardin was so kind as to review the manuscript before submission. This study is partially supported by the Funds of China's Yunnan Province for young and middle-aged talents in Science and Technology (No. 2000Y P09). References Heinemann, P. & A.A.R. de Meijer, 1996. The status of Repos Sing. Bull. Jard. bot. natn. Belg. 65: 405-412. Rick, J., 1938. Agarici Riograndenses I. Lilloa 2: 251-316. Singer, R., 1953. Type studies on Basidiomycetes VI. Lilloa 26: 57-159. Singer, R., 1959. Dos generos de hongos nuevos para Argentina. Bol. Soc. arg. Bot. 8: Ee ee Vellinga, E.C., R.P.J. de Kok & T.D. Bruns, 2003. Phylogeny and taxonomy of Macrolepiota. Mycologia (in press). MY COTAXON Volume LXXXV, pp. 187-199 January-March 2003 A STUDY OF PENIOPHORA SPECIES WITH SIMPLE-SEPTATE HYPHAE OCCURRING IN TAIWAN Sheng-Hua Wu Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan 40419 Republic of China (E-mail: shwu@mail.nmns.edu.tw) ABSTRACT In this survey of Taiwanian Peniophora species with simple-septate hyphae, five species are presented: P. bicornis, P. borbonica, P. malaiensis, P. reidii, and P. taiwanensis. The first four species are newly recorded from Taiwan, and the last one is new to science. A key to the five species is given. Descriptions, line drawings, and results of cultural and cytological studies are also provided. Keywords: Basidiomycota, Corticiaceae, cultural studies, new species, taxonomy. INTRODUCTION The genus Peniophora Cooke is generally regarded by mycologists as a member of the Corticiaceae s.1. (Basidiomycota). Parmasto (1997)-recognized 81 species in this genus. A majority of species of this genus has nodose-septate hyphae in their basidiocarps. Only a few species of Peniophora bear simple-septate hyphae, mostly recorded from tropical and subtropical regions (Boidin et al., 1991). Wu (2002) recently reported Peniophora species in Taiwan with nodose-septate hyphae. This study presents a survey of the Peniophora species in Taiwan with simple-septate hyphae. Regularly nodose-septate hyphae are absent in basidiocarps of the five species studied; nevertheless, clamps are occasionally present in the cultured mycelia. This interesting phenomenon implies that the 188 Peniophora with simple-septate hyphae in the basidiocarps probably lost the ability to produce clamp connections in the course of evolution. Another distinct phenomenon with ~ many of the species is the nucleus number, which is quite variable for basidiospores, monosporous mycelium, and polysporous mycelium. The new term “self-dikaryotic” nuclear behavior is proposed in this paper and is explained in the methods section. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens were collected in Taiwan from various localities during 1988-1995. Methods for dealing with specimens and examination of specimens, and general terms used for describing various characters, are explained in Wu (1990). All specimens cited, as well as living cultures, are deposited in the herbarium of the National Museum of Natural Science of Republic of China (TNM). Cultural description and species code system are from Nobles (1965) with amendments by Boidin and Lanquetin (1983). Nobles’ code as detailed by Nakasone (1990) was adopted in this study. Methods of cultural and cytological studies are described in Wu (1996). Terminology for nuclear behavior is based on Boidin and Lanquetin (1984). A new term “self-dikaryotic” is proposed herein for those having uninucleate spores, dikaryotic MS-mycelium, and dikaryotic PS-mycelium. “Self-dikaryotic nuclear behavior” is new to the Nobles’ code system compiled by Nakasone (1990), and is herein designated as code number 69. This peculiar nuclear behavior is fairly common in the studied group, but its mechanism is unknown at this moment. “Self-dikaryotic nuclear behavior” may be considered as deviation of “normal nuclear behavior”. The reason is that Peniophora species with nodose-septate hyphae possess normal nuclear behavior. Moreover, P. reidii and P. tatwanensis, was detected in this study as having “probably normal” and “uncertainly normal” nuclear behavior, respectively. TAXONOMY Key to Known Species of Peniophora in Taiwan with Simple-Septate Hyphae 1. Basidia usually 2-sterigmate, sometimes 3- or 4-sterigmate ........................P. bicornis 1} Basidia ttormally 47sterromate cit). SS A Sieber aust oe teas acleaentavusee eesioeetade: Ps 2B asidiospores S'S longaeie A aS eat rte ane eke ee teu net 4 PP-BasidiOspores:<38pim LONE \ OAC Tee ae eee SO: SR PE tees ge, SO 3 2» Basidiospores D2 pm wide rad. Sever sseue eek etlane PN VLSI P. malaiensis SA BaSiCiOSpOress i 4 y wes 4 iv! f ad aie 5 { if iF : 5 d + @ / Pe a +, ai \F Oe ‘La De bd tem aX 7) ey Va Oe's ‘! wed he tials (2m) onaauar \ ‘ Ta ae ee } my a " iy bag - Pts cane — '' pared 4 vn +4 a a ee Me VWedsela? eR PIER As ed ny ; ees a pe ) ae ’ 7 ry ne ie ’ at en ¥ 2 alae is i in yi Map oy ; Yun . Heat P ( Ae rp ae J ace a (ih ro & aEtip A 5 ; ie ig a a "4 : § f . A fey q ; a : Gy * Pele Oar eis y Ne ata ee AR ; a ra er, VA i a MYCOTAXON Volume LXXXV, pp. 201-210 January-March 2003 TYPE STUDIES ON PHELLINUS BAUMIT AND PHELLINUS LINTEUS YOUNG WOON LIM Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Genetic Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejon 305-333, Korea; email: corticia@yahoo.co.kr JIN SUNG LEE and HACK SUNG JUNG School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; emails: xylaria@empal.com, minervas@snu.ac.kr ABSTRACT Phellinus linteus is famous for its anti-tumor activity and has been widely reported in Korea. Investigation of samples from China, Korea, Costa Rica, and Mexico revealed that the temperate East Asian species known as P. linteus is actually P. baumii. Morphological characters differentiating the two species were the sizes of pores and basidiospores and the thickness of spore walls. To improve the method for discriminating between the two species, molecular approaches were carried out through direct amplification and restriction enzyme digestion of ITS sequences. All the strains of P baumii showed no polymorphism, but those of P. linteus were digested by Dral and Hpall and formed unique restriction patterns, suggesting that RFLP analysis of ITS can be used as an efficient typing method to differentiate the two look-alike species, P. baumii and P. linteus. Key words: ITS, restriction enzyme, RFLP INTRODUCTION Wood-rotting fungi have been used for medicinal purposes since ancient times. A well- known and widely used one in Asian countries is a member of Phellinus that was taxonomically confirmed as Phellinus baumii Pilat by Dai and Xu (1998). This medicinal fungus is called sangwhang mushroom in Korea and is famous for its anti- 202 tumor activity that has been proved to be highly effective for some cancer treatments. As the medicinal and commercial value of this fungus increases, its natural fruitbodies have - come to fetch high prices at medicinal herb markets. Many mushroom growers have tried to cultivate this fungus and, as a result, it is now successfully cultivated in Korea (Dai, 1999; Dai and Xu, 1998; Song et al., 1997) and widely used as an alternative medicine for cancer patients. Owing to morphological similarity and conservative species concept, P. baumii has been dealt with as one of the synonyms for P. linteus (Berk. et M.A. Curt.) Teng for a long time. Its anti-tumor properties and polysaccharide chemicals have been studied under the name of P. Jinteus (Ikekawa et al., 1968; Lee et al., 1996; Maeda et al., 1976; Song et al., 1995) and P. baumii was not used as an independent name until Dai and Xu (1998) taxonomically discriminated the former from the latter. Such fungi collected in Korea used to be identified as P linteus. However, recent application of morphological species concept to those two taxa after Dai and Xu (1998) led the authors to the conclusion that Korean P. linteus was actually P. baumii. Geographically, P. linteus is mostly reported from tropical American and African regions and grows on many host plants of dead hardwoods (Dai and Xu, 1998; Gilbertson and Ryvarden, 1987; Larsen and Cobb-Poulle, 1990), while P baumii is widely distributed in temperate Asia and lives mostly on Syringa and Lonicera in Northeast Asia (Dai and Xu, 1998; Nufiez and Ryvarden, 2000; Parmasto and Parmasto, 2001). In addition to their different geographical distribution and host trees, some macro- and micro-morphological characters are used to tell those two species apart (Dai and Xu, 1998; Nufiez and Ryvarden, 2000; Parmasto and Parmasto, 2001). Nevertheless, the accurate identification of this medicinal fungus remains difficult because intermediate types between those two species are sometimes encountered. From the established usage of the name P. /inteus, many people in Korea still believe that their medicine, sangwhang mushroom, is P linteus. As a result, medicinal materials labeled as P. linteus have been imported from China and North Korea starting five years ago. The important fact is that many of imported materials are mixed collections loaded with P. baumii and one or more similar species that have not been taxonomically verified. There has been a need for a reliable method of rapid and accurate typing of those two Phellinus species until recently. For this reason, Kim et al. (1999) and Park et al. (2001) developed ITS-specific primers for P. Jinteus without a taxonomic concept of those two taxa and thus a new primer design working for a single taxon is still required. To solve this problem, the authors developed a new PCR-RFLP analysis method using the variable ITS region. This method is simpler and faster than direct sequence comparisons and suitable for molecular typing of morphologically puzzling taxa. In addition, this method is sensitive enough to study intraspecific variation (Schulze et al., 1997) and to identify closely related species (Erland et al., 1994; Sanders et al., 1995). In this work, the authors investigated collections with different geographical origins and evaluated the potential of 203 PCR-RFLP method to discriminate between P baumii and its kin, P. linteus at the molecular level. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sources, microscopic observation and DNA preparation: Nineteen fungal strains of three species used in this study are listed in Table 1 and deposited in the SFC (Seoul National University Fungus Collection). Three specimens from Russia (TAA 104264), Mexico (SFC 990520-1), and Costa Rica (SFC 990520-2) were donated by Ryvarden (University of Oslo, Norway). For observation of the specimens, the laboratory techniques of Largent et al. (1977) were employed. Measurements and drawings were made from slide preparations stained with 1 % (w/v) aqueous phloxine and 3% KOH (Hawksworth et al., 1995; Jung, 1987). Genomic DNA was extracted from the specimens according to the protocol of Lecellier and Silar (1994) with some modification (Lee et al., 2000). Extracted DNA was stored at -20°C until required. PCR amplification and restriction enzyme digestion of DNA: PCR was accomplished to amplify the ITS region using the primers ITS1 (White et al., 1990) and LW1 (Jeong, 1999) as described by Lee et al. (2000). PCR products were digested using seven restriction endonucleases to obtain RFLPs. Ten ul of amplified PCR reaction mixture was added to the restriction reaction buffer and 10 U of restriction enzyme to make 15 ul per sample and then incubated for 4 h at 37 'C. Each sample was cut into single enzyme digests by four-base cutting (Cfol, Hpall, Rsal) and six-base cutting (Apal, BamHI, Dral, Pstl) restriction enzymes. Restriction fragments were separated by electrophoresis on 1% agarose gel in TAE buffer with EtBr of 100 ng/ml. Sizes of fragment DNAs were determined in comparison with a 1-kb Plus DNA molecular weight marker (Life Technologies, U. K.). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Morphological features of P. baumii: Basidiocarps perennial, sessile, semicircular, mostly ungulate, sometimes imbricate, up to 10 cm long, 11 cm wide, 5 cm thick at the base, woody hard; pileal surface dark grayish brown to dark gray, concentrically zonate, radially rimose and cracking, sometimes covered with mosses; margin blunt or rounded; hymenophores golden yellow when young, dark brown when old, forming a distinct and wide sterile zone along the margin; pores regular, circular, 8-10(-12) per mm; tube layers receding in old basidiocarps; context woody. Hyphal system dimitic; generative hyphae simple-septate, hyaline to golden yellow, 2.0-2.3 um wide; skeletal hyphae golden yellow to golden ferrugineous, thick- 204 a ee ee eS Se eS ee EE ee ee guoz jeoidongns auoz jeoIdoyqns Quoz o}e1odu9} Quoz ajeiadura} 9u0Z dIeIadurs} Quoz s}e1adui9} su0z ajesodwis} guoz a}e1aduis} Quoz d}erodurs} guo0z sye19du19} guoz aje19dui93 guoz oje1aduia} guoz a}eJaduia} Quoz s}eJadura} Quoz ayelodura} Quoz oye1odui19} 9u0z ajeraduia} Quoz o1eJodurs} 9u0z oyesoduia} ‘ds puaauoT ‘ds snauanO ‘ds snasan@ SIadquiog Sn4Aop SIDAQUOG SNAOW “ds p4aa1uoT ‘ds sna4anO ‘ds sna1ang SIDAQUIOG SNAOW sIadquiog sn40jy s1odquiog Sn4oj-y stadquog snojy ‘ds snasanoO SIDAQUiOg SNAOPW SIDAQUOg SNAOW nplapp vajajdimapy sisuauiya sooojdudg Bory e1SOD OOIX|] vIssny e910 ea10Y ed10Y ea10Y P10 BIO BoIOY eo1OY PdIOY] YLION, Pa10Y YON RIO Bd10 euly) PaIOY ea1Oy BI1IOY “sBOIUOISY SOT[GHY lay WINIeUIIDS seIUIApRoY lolUR}JOg Jo LOIdO[OOZ YNIYsU] WNLeqIoH , esoy ‘eines BoeXeG ‘UOs] op uedenfeny eS ynyAon op-ynqsuessuoaky “suopuy Op-ynqsurssuo0edy ‘suopuy Op-ynqsuessuo0sky ‘suosXsuny Op-ynqsurssuo0eky “suosksunpy Op-yNqsuosyosunyD ‘yelon ‘WA Op-Is3u0aKhy “uoMNS op-yngeyjoor “if IW op-ovysuemyy op-seysuemMyy op-uomsuen “sueAsuex op-ynqsuessuoaky “suopuy JOUIAOIg ueUUNA op-weuR]]oof “If IA op-ynqsuessuoaky “suopuy op-Is3u0aKy “sunousuemy UOT}D9|[OD snBunJ AjsIOAIUy) [PUOIFEN [NOIS , "UIBYS [PINJEN :N ‘ULES PAeAN[ND :O , 7-07S066 OAS 1-07S066 OS P9TPOL SWV.L £-90110007 OAS $-90110007 OAS Z-90110007 OAS 1-90110007 OAS 01-1110000Z OAS 805066 OSS ZZ£066 OAS ¥0-S0b096 OAS 80-1190L6 OAS 10-S090L6 OdS 10-81Z0L6 OAS IZ1196 OAS 804096 OAS +-90096 OAS 8180b6 OdS SI-61L0€6 gOS PI ZA ZeD S ee ee Oeet e u ny, eaneiee ea snajuy snuyjayd SNULADIUO] SNUILJAY munpg snuljayd 22; Se ee ee Ne SS Se — eee uoHNgiasiq JSOH Ayunog Ayyea07J ,UOlIpUoD Jaquinu yisodaq SUIEU IIfIJUSIOS se a eS Ne ee ee ee ES ee ‘Apnys Sty} Ul pouTUTexe suIeNS snuyjayd JO IST *T GBL 205 walled, up to 4 um wide; hymenial setae frequent to scanty, ventricose with an acute apex, thick-walled at the base, 21-25 x 6-11 tm; basidia clavate, 8-11.5 x 6-7 um, with four sterigmata; basidiospores broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, hyaline at first, pale yellowish brown when mature, thin-walled, 3.5-4.6 x 2.5-3.4 um. This species is often difficult to distinguish from other closely related taxa due to similar morphological appearance. In addition, according to growth conditions, its appearance and size become quite variable. The host range of P. baumii from Korea seems fairly broad and grows on trees like Morus, Quercus, Symplocos, Hemiptelea, or Lonicera (Table 1). However, the pore size is consistently very small, reaching 8-10 per mm or sometimes up to 12 per mm, and the pore surface appears almost smooth to the naked eye, while P. linteus has 6-8 pores per mm, which are in agreement with the results of Dai and Xu (1998). Microscopically, basidia and basidiospores of P. baumii were invariably and significantly smaller than those of P. linteus, and observed microscopic features were mostly consistent with previous studies (Dai, 1999; Dai and Xu, 1998; Nufiez and Ryvarden, 2000; Parmasto and Parmasto, 2001). However, TAA 104264 is the species classified as P. lonicerinus by Parmasto and Parmasto (2001). They emphasized that speciation of the P. linteus group from the Russian Far East and Middle Asia has resulted from allopatric disjunction and sympatric specialization to different hosts. Phellinus lonicerinus living on Lonicera is widely distributed in Middle Asia and has been treated as synonymous with P. linteus by Bondartseva, but with P. baumii by Lyubarski and Vasilyeva, Dai and Xu, Dai, and Nufiez and Ryvarden (Parmasto and Parmasto, 2001). In this study, TAA 104264 (lane 12 in Fig. 1) behaved like the strains of P. baumii in the analysis pattern of PCR-RFLP, suggesting that P. Jonicerinus can be conspecific with P. baumii. Morphological features of P. linteus: Basidiocarps perennial, sessile, dimidiate to elongate, 5 cm long, 3 cm thick at the base, woody hard; pileal surface dark grayish brown to dark gray, concentrically zonate, radially and concentrically deeply rimose; margin mostly acute; hymenophores dark reddish brown to fulvous, narrowly to indistinctly sterile along the margin; pores regular, circular, 6-8 per mm; tube layers not receding; context woody. Hyphal system dimitic; generative hyphae simple-septate, hyaline to golden yellow, 2.2-3.4 um wide; skeletal hyphae golden yellow to golden ferrugineous, thick- walled, up to 4 um wide; hymenial setae frequent, dark brown in KOH, 21-30 x 7-12 um; basidia clavate, 13-14.8 x 6-7 4m, with four sterigmata; basidiospores ovoid to subglobose, pale golden brown, slightly thick-walled up to 1.1 tm, 5.1-5.7 x 3.5-4.0 um (SFC 990520-2 from Costa Rica) and 6.2-7.4 x 5.1-6.3 um (SFC 990520-1 from Mexico). This species has been noted on Quercus and Cassia in the southeastern U.S. and Mexico in North America (Gilbertson and Ryvarden, 1987). It has 6-8 pores per mm but this measurement slightly differs from the result of Parmasto and Parmasto (2001) who 206 A M1i2345 6 7 8 9 101112 13141516171819M 248 bp M123456 7 6 9 10111215 141516171819M o ae ce 1016 bp it : | . —— 356 bp Pa ) oe — aalR: me 154 bp Fig. 1. Dral (A) and Hpall (B) digestion products of the amplified ITS rDNA region. The two outer lanes contain molecular weight markers (M). RFLP patterns of the ITS amplicons were obtained from sixteen strains of Phellinus baumii (lanes 1 to 11 and 13 to 17), one strain of P. lonicerinus (lane 12) and two strains of P. linteus (lanes 18 and 19). Lane 1, SFC 930719-15; lane 2, SFC 940818; lane 3, SFC 960406-4; lane 4, SFC 960708; lane 5, SFC 961121; lane 6, SFC 970218-01; lane 7, SFC 970605-01; lane 8, SFC 970611-08; lane 9, SFC 960405-04; lane 10, SFC 990322; lane 11, SFC 990508; lane 12, TAA 104264; lane 13, SFC 000111-10; lane 14, SFC 001106-1; lane 15, SFC 001106-2; lane 16, SFC 001106-4; lane 17, SFC 001106-7; lane 18, SFC 990520-1; lane 19, SFC 990520-2. 207 reported that the mean number of pores per mm of P. linteus was 7 to 8.3. The ovoid to subglobose spores, thick-walled spore wall and subtropical to tropical distribution are distinctive characters of P. linteus. In comparison with P. baumii, the walls of the basidiospores looked almost double in thickness and are a remarkable feature for this taxon as Gilbertson and Ryvarden (1987) indicated. However, there were some variations between P. linteus specimens from Mexico and Costa Rica. Spores and basidia from the Mexican specimen were much larger than those from the Costa Rican specimen. The swelling of tramal skeletals in P. linteus was observed to some extent but was not as much significant as emphasized by Dai and Xu (1998), and it is too subtle to use the swelling feature of tramal skeletals as a character to distinguish between P baumii and P. linteus. Although P. baumii of temperate regions and P. linteus of subtropical to tropical origin share many common characters, their samples were divided into two groups corresponding to two species according to morphological features, geographical distributions (Table 1) and also to PCR-RFLP patterns (Fig. 1). However, as far as the pore numbers of P baumii and the spore sizes of P. linteus are concerned, there seems to be a possibility that certain intermediate or transitional types may exist between those two species, which requires more intensive studies in the light of phylogeographic distribution. RFLP analyses of ITS region: The primers ITS1 and LW1 amplified only one band (approximately 750 bp in length) from extracted DNA. In order to differentiate the two species, RFLPs of the ITS region were generated by restriction digestion with seven enzymes. Among them, Cfol generated too many small fragments per digestion and Apal, BamHI, Pstl and Rsal did not cut any amplicons. However, Hpall (four-base cutting restriction enzyme) and Dral (six-base cutting restriction enzyme) allowed a clear discrimination of two Phellinus species because they generated no fragments in amplicons of lanes 1 to 11 and 13 to 17 for P. baumii and lane 12 for P. lonicerinus but three fragments only in amplicons of lanes 18 and 19 for P. linteus (Fig. 1). The Dral digestion on two strains of P. linteus generated three fragments of ca 250 bp that were all similar in size. The Hpall-generated fragments for those of P. linteus were ca 170 bp, 230bp, and 380 bp in size, respectively. Although P. baumii and P. linteus can be segregated on the basis of several morphological characters and geographical distribution boundaries, the former does not show much difference from the latter in certain cases, which makes it difficult to tell one apart from the other. However, such morphological weakness was compensated in this study by a molecular approach using PCR-RFLP analysis. Recently, the PCR-RFLP method has been used to study intraspecific variation in Armillaria ostoyae (Schulze et al., 1997), to identify ectomycorrhizal fungi to the genera and species level (Erland et al., 1994; Gardes and Bruns, 1996; Sanders et al., 1995), to detect and identify decay fungi (Adair et al., 2002; Jasalavich et al, 2000), and to identify intersterility groups of 208 Heterobasidion annosum (Garbelotto et al., 1996). Fischer (1996) used this method in the Phellinus pini group together with microscopic studies but found no apparent correlation between restriction-fragment data, geographic origin, and host of taxa. However, PCR-RFLP patterns produced by the DraI and Hpall in this analysis clearly and visibly discriminated two look-alike related species of different geographical origins. In the case of temperate P baumii and tropical to subtropical P. linteus, PCR- RFLP of the ITS region proved to be quite suitable for typing of the two species. This molecular method supported recent findings that the Asian fungus was in reality P baumii rather than P. linteus (Dai, 1999; Dai and Xu, 1998; Nufiez and Ryvarden, 2000; Parmasto and Parmasto, 2001). In addition to several tangible morphological features and different geographical distributions, the authors found a new PCR-RFLP character using Dral and Hpall that can unequivocally differentiate P baumii from P. linteus. Therefore, for sibling or puzzling fungi, such as P. baumii and its related taxa, where traditional taxonomy experiences difficulty, molecular typing can be easily applied for final confirmation. As in this study, it is expected that the molecular approach based on PCR-RFLP analysis can be ideally utilized as a rapid and efficient technique for the identification, verification, and delimitation of medicinally, commercially, or industrially important fungi. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors are grateful to Dr. Ryvarden who kindly provided the three samples used in this study. This work was supported by the Brain Korea 21 Project and Young Woon Lim and Jin Sung Lee were supported by the BK21 Research Fellowship from the Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development. REFERENCES Adair, S., Kim, S.H. and Breuil, C. 2002. A molecular approach for early monitoring of decay basidiomycetes in wood chips. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 211:117-122. Dai, Y.C. 1999. Phellinus sensu lato (Aphyllophorales, Hymenochaetaceae) in East Asia. Acta Bot. Fennica 166:1-115. Dai, Y.C. and Xu, M.Q. 1998. Studies on the medicinal polypore, Phellinus baumii, and its kin, P. linteus. Mycotaxon 67:191-200. | Erland, S., Henrion, B., Martin, F., Glover, L.A. and Alexander, I.J. 1994. Identification of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Tylospora fibrillosa Donk by RFLP analysis of the PCR-amplified ITS and IGS regions of ribosomal DNA. New Phytol. 126:525- De. Fischer, M. 1996. Molecular and microscopical studies in the Phellinus pini group. 209 Mycologia 88:230-238. Garbelotto, M., Ratcliff, A., Bruns, T.D., Cobb, F.W. and Ostrosina, W.J. 1996. Use of taxon-specific competitive-priming PCR to study host specificity, hybridization, and intergroup gene flow in intersterility groups of MHeterobasidion annosum. Phytopathology 86:543-551. Gardes, M. and Bruns, T.D. 1996. Community structure of ectomycorrhizal fungi in a Pinus muricata forest: above- and below-ground views. Can. J. Bot. 74:1572-1583. Gilbertson, R.L. and Ryvarden, L. 1987. North American polypores, Vol. 2. Megasporoporia—Wrightoporia. Fungiflora, Oslo, Norway. Hawksworth, D.L., Kirk, P.M., Sutton, B.C. and Pegler, D.N. 1995. Ainsworth & Bisby’s dictionary of the fungi, 8th ed. CAB International, Wallingford, U.K. Ikekawa, J., Nakanishi, M., Uehara, N., Chihara, G. and Jukuoka, F. 1968. Antitumor action of some basidiomycetes, especially Phellinus linteus. GANN 59:155-157. Jasalavich, C., Ostrofsky, A. and Jellison, J. 2000. Detection and identification of decay fungi in spruce wood by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of amplified genes encoding rRNA. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66:4725-4734. Jeong, W.J. 1999. Phylogenetics analysis of Phellinus based on internal transcribed spacer and mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal sequences. Ph. D. thesis, Seoul National University, Korea. Jung, H.S. 1987. Wood-rotting Aphyllophorales of the southern Appalachian spruce-fir forest. Bibl. Mycol. Band 119, J. Cramer, Stuttgart, Germany. Kim, S.H., Kim, S.H., Sung, J.M. and Harrington, T.C. 1999. Identification of Phellinus linteus by morphological characteristics and molecular analysis. Kor. J. Mycol. 27:337-340. Largent, D.L., Johnson, D. and Watling, R. 1977. How to identify mushrooms to genus III. Microscopic features. Mad River Press, Eureka, U.S.A. Larsen, M.J. and Cobb-Poulle, L.A. 1990. Phellinus (Hymenochaetaceae). A survey of the world taxa. Fungiflora, Oslo, Norway. Lecellier, G. and Silar, P. 1994. Rapid methods for nucleic acids extraction from petri dish-grown mycelia. Curr. Genet. 25:122-123. Lee, J.H., Cho, S.M., Kim, H.M., Hong, N.D. and Yoo, I.D. 1996. Immunostimulating activity of polysaccharides from mycelia of Phellinus linteus grown under different culture conditions. J. Microbiol. Biotech. 6:52-55. 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Identification of ribosomal DNA polymorphisms among and within spores of the Glomales: application to studies on the genetic diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities. New Phytol. 133:123-134. Schulze, S., Bahnweg, G., Moller, EM. and Sandermann, Jr. H. 1997. Identification of the genus Armillaria by specific amplification of an rDNA-ITS fragment and evaluation of genetic variation within A. ostoyae by rDNA-RFLP and RAPD analysis. Eur. J. For. Pathol. 27:225-239. Song, C.H., Moon, H.Y. and Ryu, C.H. 1997. Artificial cultivation of Phellinus linteus. Kor. J. Mycol. 25:130-132. Song, K.S., Cho, S.M., Lee, J.H., Kim, H.M., Han, S.B., Ko, K.S. and Yoo, I.D. 1995. B- lymphocyte stimulating polysaccharide from mushroom Phellinus linteus. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 43:2105-2108. White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. and Taylor, J.W. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics, pp. 315-322. Jn Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. and White, T.J. (eds.), PCR protocols: A guide to methods and application. Academic Press, San Diego, California. MYCOTAXON Volume LXXXV, pp. 211-229 January-March 2003 MICROFUNGI FROM VENEZUELA. A NEW SPECIES OF BRACHYDESMIELLA, A NEW COMBINATION, AND NEW RECORDS R. F. CASTANEDA' RUIZ, T. ITURRIAGA’, D. W. MINTER’, M. SAIKAWA*, G. VIDAL’ & S. VELAZQUEZ-NOA' ‘Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical “Alejandro de Humboldt”, (INIFAT) calle 1 esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba. C.P. 17200, E-mail: mcamejo@inifat.esihabana.cu Departamento de Biologia de Organismos, Universidad Simon Bolivar, Apartado 89000, Sartanejas, Baruta, Edo Miranda, Venezuela, E-mail: titurri@usb.ve ‘International Mycological Institute, CABI Bioscience, Bakeham Lane, Egham, Surrey, TW20 9TY, UK. ‘Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, 184, Japan, Email: saikawa@u-gakugei.ac.jp Herbarium, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Aut6noma de México, Mexico. ABSTRACT Brachydesmiella eugecapiellana anam. sp. nov., found on decaying fallen leaves of Nectandra sp. in a cloud forest from Venezuela, is described and illustrated. This is characterized by navicular, ampulliform to narrow fusiform, rostrate, 2-3- septate, verruculose, very pale brown conidia. Selenodriella ponmudiensis comb. novs. is proposed. Some microfungi are recorded from cloud forests in Venezuela. Key words: Selenodriella, hyphomycetes, leaf litter, systematics, tropical fungi. INTRODUCTION The genus Brachydesmiella G. Arnaud ex S. Hughes (1961), is characterized by differentiated, mononematous, brown to pale brown conidiophores and tretic, multilocal, sympodial, indeterminate, terminal and intercalary conidiogenous cells. The conidial secession is schizolytic. Five species of Brachydesmiella have been published in the literature, B. biseptata G. Arnaud ex S. Hughes (1961) (the type species); B. caudata V. G. Rao & de Hoog (1986); B. anthostomelloidea Goh & K. D. Hyde (1996), B. orientalis (V. G. Rao & de Hoog) Goh, in Sivichai et al. (1998) and B. verrucosa Goh, Sivichai, K. D. Hyde & Hywel-Jones (1998). The conidium ontogeny in Brachydesmiella have been considered as tretic according with Ellis (1971), Rao and de Hoog (1986) and Goh and Hyde (1996), in fact very small pores at the outer wall can be observed under bright field and phase contrast microscope, however Sivichai et al., (1998) have described the OND conidiogenous cells as polyblastic and further study on conidial ontogeny would be necessary. During a mycological survey of saprobes conidial fungi from tropical leaf litter in several undisturbed rainforest in Venezuela, numerous microfungi were collected. Among them was a collection of a fungus belonging to the genus Brachydesmiella G. Arnaud ex S. Hughes (1961), it is described as Brachydesmiella eugecapiellana anam. sp. nov. MATERIALS AND METHODS Leaf litter samples were placed in separate paper bags and taken to the laboratory. The microfungi were isolated from single conidia or ascospore picked out under a stereomicroscope immediately after they were collected from the substrate. They were grown on corn meal agar mixed 1:1 with carrot extract, incubated at 25 °C under alternating cycles of 12 hours of daylight and darkness. Other samples were incubated in Petri dish moist chambers at 25 °C and examined at regular intervals for the presence of microfungi. Mounts were prepared in DL-lactic acid (85 %) and polyvinyl alcohol-glycerol (8.0 g in 100 ml of water, plus 5 ml of glycerol) and measurements made at 1000 x magnification. TAXONOMIC PART Brachydesmiella eugecapiellana R. F. Castafieda, Iturriaga et Saikawa anam. Sp. nov. Fig..1 Etymol. L. eugecapiellana — dedicated to Dr. Eugenio Capiello (Venezuela). Ad fungus conidiales, hyphomycetes pertinens. Coloniae in substrato naturali pilosae, caespitosae, effusae, amphigenae, aureae vel fulvae. Mycelium plerumque in _substrato immersum, ex hyphis septatis, ramosis, laevibus, pallide brunneis, 1-3 um diam., compositum. Conidiophora conspicua, mononematosa, erecta, sinuata vel leviter geniculatae, 4-6(-S)-septata, non-ramosa, usque ad 70 um alta, 6-8 um crassa ad basim, dilute brunnea vel fulva, levia. Cellulae conidiogenae treticae, multilocales, terminales et intercalares, sympodiales, indeterminatae, 9-16 x 4-5 yum, dilute brunneae vel fulvae, in conidiophoris incorporatae. Loci conidiogeni numerosi, pori, 0.5- 1 um diam, interdum leviter obcuri circa pori. Secedentia conidiorum schizolytica. Conidia solitaria, navicularia, ampulliformia vel angusta fusiformia, rostrata, cicatricata ad basim, 2-3-septata, verruculosa, dilute brunnea, acropleurogena, sicca, 32-40 x 4.0-6.5 um, 0.8-1.2 um crassa ad apicem. Teleomorphosis ignota. Matrix: C00/77, in foliis dejectis putridis Nectandrae sp., in sylvi nebulosi, “Colonia Tovar”, Estado Miranda, Venezuela, legit Eugenio Capiello, 25. XI. 2000 Holotypus: MUCL 43326. Conidial fungi, hyphomycetes. Colonies on the natural substratum hairy to caespitose, effuse, amphigenous, yellow to tawny. Mycelium mostly immersed. 213 ———e—eeee————————————— ——— eee Fig. 1. Brachydesmiella eugecapiellana (MUCL 43326). 214 Hyphae septate, branched, pale brown, smooth-walled, 1-3 um diam. Conidiophores differentiated, mononematous, erect, sinuate to slightly geniculate, 4-6(-8)-septate, simple, up to 70 um tall, 6-8 um wide at the base, pale brown to tawny, smooth. Conidiogenous cells tretic, multilocal, terminal and intercalary, sympodial, indeterminate, cicatrized, 9-16 x 4-5 um, pale brown to tawny, integrated; conidiogenous loci pores, numerous, 0.5- 1 um diam, slightly melanized near pores. Conidial secession schizolytic. Conidia solitary, navicular to narrow fusiform, rostrate, cicatrized at the base, 2-3-septate, verruculose, pale brown, acropleurogenous, solitary, dry, 32-40 x 4.0-6.5 um, 0.8-1.2 um wide at the apex: Teleomorph: unknown. Matrix: C00/77, on fallen decaying leaves of Nectandra sp., in a cloud forest, “Colonia Tovar”, Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. Eugenio Capiello, 25. XI. 2000. Holotype: MUCL 43326. Brachydesmiella eugecapiellana resembles B. verrucosa in conidial ornamentation and number of septa, but B. verrucosa has 56-92 x 12-17 um, unequally pigmented conidia with central cell pale olivaceous brown, darker than the apical and basal cells. Also, the apical rostrate cell of B. verrucosa is 4-6 um wide. OTHER MICROFUNGI RECORDED FROM CLOUD FORESTS IN VENEZUELA Acrogenospora sphaerocephala (Berk. & Br.) M. B. Ellis, Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes, Kew, p. 114 (1971). Specimen examined: C97/158 on rotten leaves of unidentified plant, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacion Biol6gica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal, 25. XI. 1997. Acumispora phragmospora Matsush., Matsushima Mycological Memoirs 1: 3 (1980). Specimen examined: C98/17-9, on rotten leaves of unidentified plant, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacion Biol6gica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal, 25. XI. 1997. Anungitea continua Matsush., Icones Microfungorum a Matsushima Lectorum, Kobe, p. 7 (1975) Specimen examined: C00/72-2, on submerged rotten leaves of unidentified Poaceae in stream, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacion Biologica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal, 25. XI. 1997. 215 Ardhachandra cristaspora (Matsush.) Subram. & Sudha, Can. J. Bot. 56:731 (1979). Specimen examined: C97/161, on rotten fallen leaf of Theobroma cacao, Campo Centro, Estacién Experimental Miranda, Caucagua, Estado Miranda, coll. Isidro Contreras, 27-X-1997. Ardhachanadra selenoides (de Hoog) Subram. & Sudha, Can. J. Bot. 56:731 (1979). , Specimen examined: USB C00/73-3, on rotten leaves of unidentified plant, in a cloud forest, “Colonia Tovar”, Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. Eugenio Capiello, 25. XI. 2000. Arthrobotrys haptospora (Drechsler) Schenck, W. B. Kendr. & Pramer, Can. J. Bot. 55: 983 (1977). Specimen examined: USB C00/146-1, on dead of unidentified nematode, in leaf of Gyranthera caribensis, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacion Bioldgica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal, 25. XI. 1997. Culture deposited: USB C00/146-1. Arthrobotrys musiformis Drechsler, Mycologia 29: 481 (1937). Specimen examined: USB C00/60-4, On rotten seed of Wettinia praemosa. In tropical cloud forest “Colonia Tovar” Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. R. F. Castafieda and T. Iturriaga, 25. XI. 2000. Culture deposited: USB C00/60-4. Beltrania rhombica O. Penzing, Nuovo G. Bot. Ital. 14: 72 (1882). Specimens examined: USB C97/156-6, on decaying fallen leaves of Gyranthera caribensis, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacion Biol6gica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal, 25. XI. 1997. USB C00/64, on rotten leaf of unidentified plant, in a cloud forest, “Colonia Tovar”, Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. Eugenio Capiello, 25. XI. 2000. Cultures deposited: CBS 109466 = USB C00/64 Beltraniella pirozynskii P. M. Kirk, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 77: 457 (1984). Specimen examined: USB C97/153, on fallen rotten leaf of unidentified plant, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacién Biol6gica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal, 25. XI. 1997. Beltraniopsis esenbeckiae Batista & Becerra, Publgées Inst. Micol. Recife, 296: 1-13 (1960). Specimen examined: USB C97/ 168, fallen rotten leaves of Eucalyptus sp., Instituto de Estudios Avanzados (IDEA), Tecnopolis, Sartanejas, Baruta, Estado Miranda, Venezuela, 1100m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, 20.XI. 1997. 216 Beltraniopsis tanzaniensis Pirozynski, Mycol. Pap. 129: 40 (1972). Specimen examined: USB C97/169, on fallen rotten leaf of unidentified plant,, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacion Biolégica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal, 25. XI. 1997. Brachysporiella arengae (Matsush.) Hol-Jech. Ceska Mykologie 37: 14 (1983). Specimen examined: USB C00/76-5, on rachis of Wettinia praemosa, in tropical cloud forest “Colonia Tovar” Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. R. F. Castafieda and T. Iturriaga, 25. XI. 2000. Cultures deposited: CBS 109452 = USB C00/60-2. Camposporium antennatum Harkn., Bull. Calif, Acad. Sci. 1: 37-38 (1884). Specimens examined: USB C97/159, on fallen rotten leaf of unidentified plant, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacién Biolégica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal, 25. XI. 1997. C00/71, on submerged stem of unidentified Poaceae, in a cloud forest, “Colonia Tovar”, Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. Eugenio Capiello, 25. XI. 2000. Cultures deposited: CBS 101169 = USB C98/4, CBS 109473 = USB C00/71. Campylospora filicladia Nawawi, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 63: 603 (1974). Specimen examined: USB C97/186-1, on submerged fallen rotten leaves of Gyranthera caribensis, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacion Biolégica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”’, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal. 25. XI. 1997. Ceratocystis sp. Specimen examined: USB C00/60-2, On synnemata of Graphium penicillioides, in rotten seed of Wettinia praemosa, in tropical cloud forest “Colonia Tovar” Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. R. F. Castafieda and T. Iturriaga, 25. XI. 2000. Cultures deposited: CBS 109452 = USB C00/60-2. Ceratosporium productum Petch, Ann. R. Bot. Gdns Peradeniya 3: 9 (1906). Specimen examined: USB C00/94, on rachis of decomposed leaf of Wettinia praemosa, in tropical cloud forest “Colonia Tovar” Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. R. F. Castafieda and T. Iturriaga, 25. XI. 2000. Note: A Selenosporella-like synanamorph on the same hyphae was observed. Cercosperma arnaudii B. Sutton & Hodges, Nova Hedwigia 35: 800 (1981). Specimen examined: USB C97/180-1, on fallen rotten leaves of Eucalyptus sp., Instituto de Estudios Avanzados (IDEA), Tecnopolis, Sartanejas, Baruta, Estado Miranda, Venezuela, 1100 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, 20.XI. 1997. Culture deposited: USB C97/180-1. PA Chaetendophragmia triangularia Matsush., Microfungi of the Solomon Islands and Papua-New Guinea, Kobe, p. 12 (1971). Specimen examined: USB C00/80, on fallen rotten leaves of Miconia sp., in tropical cloud forest “Colonia Tovar” Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. R. F. Castafieda and T. Iturriaga, 25. XI. 2000. Chaetomium longicolleum, Krzemieniewska & Badura, Acta Societatis Botanicorum, Poloniae 23: 748 (1954) Specimen examined: USB C98/35, on fallen rotten leaf of unidentified plant,, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacidn Biologica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal, 25. XI. 1997. Culture deposited: CBS 100950. Chaetopsina fulva Rambelli, Atti Accad. Sci. Ist. Bologna Rc. Ser. 11, 3: 5(1956). Specimen examined: USB C00/96, on fallen decaying leaves of Nectandra sp., in a cloud forest, “Colonia Tovar’, Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. Eugenio Capiello, 25. XI. 2000. Culture deposited: USB C00/96. Chloridium codinaeoides Pirozynski, Mycol. Pap. 129: 8 (1972). Specimen examined: USB C00/86-5, on rachis of decomposed leaf of Wettinia praemosa, in tropical cloud forest “Colonia Tovar” Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. R. F. Castafieda and T. Iturriaga, 25. XI. 2000. Cladosporium cubense R. F. Castafieda, Fungi Cubenses II. Inst. Inves. Fund. Agric. Trop., Habana, p.4 (1987). Specimen examined: USB C97/165, on fallen rotten leaf, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacion Biolégica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier’”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal. 25. XI. 1997. Culture deposited: USB C97/165. Clonostachys compactiuscula (Sacc.) D. Hawksworth & W. Gams in Hawksworth and Punithalingam, 7rans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 64: 90 (1975). Specimen examined: USB C98/2, on wood, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacion Biologica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal. 25. XI. 1997. Culture deposited: CBS 101113 = USB C98/2. Cryptophiale kakombensis Pirozynski, Can. J. Bot. 46: 1124 (1968). Specimen examined: USB C00/77-4, on fallen decaying leaves of Nectandra sp., in a cloud forest, “Colonia Tovar’, Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. Eugenio Capiello, 25. XI. 2000. Culture deposited: USB C00/77-4 218 Cryptophiale udagawae Pirozynski & Ichinoe in Pirozynski, Can. J. Bot. 46: 1123 (1968). Specimen examined: USB C98/33, on fallen rotten leaf of unidentified plant, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacion Biol6gica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal, 25. XI. 1997. Culture deposited: CBS 100968. Cylindrocladium clavatum Hodges & May, Phytopathology 62: 898 (1972). Specimens examined: USB C00/85-1, on fallen decaying leaves of Miconia sp., in a cloud forest, “Colonia Tovar”, Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. Eugenio Capiello, 25. XI. 2000. USB C00/73, on fallen decaying leaves of Miconia sp., in a cloud forest, “Colonia Tovar”, Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. Eugenio Capiello, 25. XI. 2000. Culture deposited: CBS 109445 = USB C00/85-1, CBS 109448 = USB C00/73. Dactylaria candidula (Hohnel) Schenck, Bahtt & W. B. Kendr., Can. J. Bot. 46: 1258 (1968). Specimen examined: USB C00/76-2, on rachis of Wettinia praemosa, in tropical cloud forest “Colonia Tovar” Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. R. F. Castafieda and T. Iturriaga, 25. XI. 2000. Culture deposited: USB C00/76-2. Dactylaria fusiformis Shear & Crane, Mycologia 63: 243 (1971). Specimens examined: USB C97/156 on fallen rotten leaf of unidentified plant, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacion Biolégica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional ‘Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal, 25. XI. 1997. USB C00/61-3A, on submerged rotten leaf in stream, in tropical cloud forest “Colonia Tovar” Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. R. F. Castafieda and T. Iturriaga, 25. XI. 2000. Culture deposited: CBS 109485 = USB C00/62-2, CBS 109484 =USB C00/61- 3A. Dactylaria irregularis de Hoog, Stud. Mycol. 26: 32 (1985). Specimen examined: USB C97/152, on fallen rotten leaf of unidentified plant, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacién Biolégica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal, 25. XI. 1997. | Dactylaria lepida Minter Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 74: 570 (1980). Specimen examined: USB C00/63-1, on submerged leaf of Miconia sp., in a cloud forest, “Colonia Tovar”, Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. Eugenio Capiello, 25. XI. 2000. Cultures deposited: CBS 109483 = USB C00/63-1. Dactylaria obtriangularia Matsush., [cones Microfungorum a Matsushima Lectorum, Kobe, p. 51 (1975) Specimen examined: USB C00/73-2, on rotten leaves of unidentified plant, in a cloud forest, “Colonia Tovar”, Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. Eugenio Capiello, 25. XI. 2000. 219 Dactylaria sparsa R. F. Castafieda & W. B. Kendr., University of Waterloo Biology Series, 35: 33 (1991). Specimen examined: USB C00/60-1, on synnemata of Graphium penicillioides, in rotten seed of Wettinia praemosa, in tropical cloud forest “Colonia Tovar” Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. R. F. Castafieda and T. Iturriaga, 25. XI. 2000. Cultures deposited: CBS 109465 = USB C00/60-1. Dactylaria zapatensis R. F. Castafieda, Fungi Cubenses III. Inst. Inves. Fund. Agric. Trop., Habana, p. 5 (1988). Specimen examined: USB C98/24, on fallen rotten leaf of unidentified plant, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacion Biologica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal, 25. XI. 1997. Culture deposited: CBS 101122 Dendrosporium lobatum Plakidas& Edgerton : Crane Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 58: 423 (1972). Specimen examined: USB C00/62-2, on submerged rotten leaf of Miconia sp. in stream, in tropical cloud forest “Colonia Tovar” Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. R. F. Castafieda and T. Iturriaga, 25. XI. 2000. Cultures deposited: CBS 109442 = USB C00/62-2. Dendryphiella vinosa (Berk. & Curtis) Reisinger, Bull. Soc. Mycol. Fr. 84: 27 (1968). Specimen examined: USB C00/70, on submerged rotten leaf of unidentified plant, in tropical cloud forest “Colonia Tovar” Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. R. F. Castafieda and T. Iturriaga, 25. XI. 2000. Cultures deposited: CBS 109467 = USB C00/70. Dictyosporium micronesicum Matsush. Matsushima Mycological Memoirs 2: 8 (1981). Specimen examined: USB C97/184, on fallen rotten leaf of Theobroma cacao, Campo Centro, Estacién Experimental Miranda, Caucagua, Estado Miranda, coll. Isidro Contreras, 27-X-1997. Endophragmiella cesatii (Mont.) S. Hughes, N. Z. JI. Bot. 17: 148 (1979). Specimen examined: USB C97/173, on rachis of Bactris setulosa, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacion Bioldgica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal, 25. XI. 1997. Note: A Selenosporella-like synanamorph at the conidial apex was observed. Endophagmiella naromoruensis P. M. Kirk, Mycotaxon 23: 323 (1985). Specimen examined: USB C97/179, on Hypoxylon sp. in wood,, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacién Bioldgica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry 220 Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal, 25. XI. 1997. Endophragmiella uniseptata, (M. B. Ellis) S. Hughes, NV. Z. Jl. Bot. 17: 156 (1979). Specimen examined: USB C98/44-i, on rachis of Bactris setulosa, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacion Biologica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal, 25. XI. 1997. Cultures deposited: CBS 101129 = USB C98/44-1. Gliocephalotrichum sp. Specimen examined: USB C00/62, on submerged leaf of Miconia sp., in a cloud forest, “Colonia Tovar”, Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. Eugenio Capiello, 25. XI. 2000. Cultures deposited: CBS 109446 = USB C00/62. Graphium penicillioides Corda, Icon. Fung. 1: 18 (1837)... Specimen examined: USB C00/60, on rotten seed of Wettinia praemosa. In tropical cloud forest “Colonia Tovar” Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. R. F. Castafieda and T. Iturriaga, 25. XI. 2000. Cultures deposited: CBS 109450 = USB C00/60. Gyrothrix circinata (Berk. & Curt.) S. Hughes, Can. J. Bot. 36: 771 (1958). Specimen examined: USB C97/156-5, on fallen rotten leaf of unidentified plant, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacion Biolégica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier’”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal, 25. XI. 1997. Gyrothrix verticiclada (Goid.) Hughes & Pirozynski, N. Z. Jl. Bot. 9: 39-45 (1971) Specimen examined: USB C97/159-3, on fallen rotten leaves of Gyranthera caribensis, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacion Biol6gica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal, 25. XI. 1997. Culture deposited: USB C97/159-3. Helicomyces colligatus R.T. Moore, Mycologia 46: 89-92 (1954). Specimen examined: USB C97/145-2, on fallen rotten leaves of unidentified plant, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacion Biolégica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal, 25. XI. 1997. Culture deposited: USB C97/159-3. Helminthosporium palmigenum Matsush., Microfungi of the Solomon Islands and Papua-New Guinea, Kobe, p. 30 (1971). Zed Specimens examined: USB C97/145-1, on rachis of Bactris setulosa, ina cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacion Bioldgica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal. 25. XI. 1997. USB C00/90, on rachis of decomposed leaf of Wettinia praemosa. In a tropical cloud forest “Colonia Tovar” Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. R. F. Castafieda and T. Iturriaga, 25. XI. 2000. Culture deposited: USB C00/90. Helminthosporium velutinum Link, Magazin Ges. Naturf. Freunde, Berlin, 3: 10 (1809) Specimen examined: USB C00/86, on petiole of decomposed leaf of Wettinia praemosa. In tropical cloud forest “Colonia Tovar” Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. R. F. Castafieda and T. Iturriaga, 25. XI. 2000. Culture deposited: USB C00/90. Henicospora coronata B. Sutton & P. M. Kirk, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 75: 249 (1980). Syn. Trichocladium elegans R. F. Castafieda & G. Arnold, 1985 Rev. Jard. Bot. Nac. 6: 52 (1985). Specimen examined: USB C00/89-2, on fallen rotten leaf of Chrysophyllum sp., in tropical cloud forest “Colonia Tovar” Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. R. F. Castafieda and T. Iturriaga, 25. XI. 2000. Idriella cubensis R. F. Castafieda & Arnold, Rey. Jard. Bot. Nac. 6: 50 (1985). Specimen examined: USB C97/163, on fallen rotten leaf of Theobroma cacao, Campo Centro, Estacién Experimental Miranda, Caucagua, Estado Miranda, coll. Isidro Contreras, 27-X-1997. Culture deposited: USB C97/163 Isthmolongispora minima Matsush., Microfungi of the Solomon Islands and Papua-New Guinea, Kobe, p. 30 (1971). Specimen examined: USB C97/170-1, on fallen rotten leaf of unidentified plant, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacién Biol6gica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal, 25. XI. 1997. Isthmolongispora variabilis Matsush. Icones Microfungorum a Matsushima Lectorum, Kobe, p. 90 (1975). Specimen examined: USB C00/89-3A, on submerged rotten leaf of Chrysophylllum sp., in tropical cloud forest “Colonia Tovar” Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. R. F. Castafieda and T. Iturriaga, 25. XI. 2000. Isthmotricladia laeensis Matsush., in Kobayasi et al., Bulletin of the National Science Museum Tokyo 14: 480 (1971). Specimen examined: USB C00/63, on submerged rotten leaf in stream, in tropical cloud forest “Colonia Tovar” Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. R. F. Castafieda and T. Iturriaga, 25. XI. 2000. Cultures deposited: CBS 109485 = USB C00/63. 222 Ityorhoptrum verruculosum (M. B. Ellis) P. M. Kirk, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 86: 417 (1986) Specimens examined: USB C97/174-2, on rachis of Bactris setulosa, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacién Biol6gica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal. 25. XI. 1997. USB C00/83-2, on rachis of decomposed leaf of Wettinia praemosa, in tropical cloud forest “Colonia Tovar” Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. R. F. Castafieda and T. Iturriaga, 25. XI. 2000. Kionochaeta ramifera (Matsushima) P. M. Kirk & B. Sutton, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 85: 715 (1985). Specimen examined: USB C00/72, on rotten leaf of unidentified plant, in tropical cloud forest “Colonia Tovar” Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. R. F. Castafieda and T. Iturriaga, 25. XI. 2000. Lunulospora sp. Specimen examined: USB C00/60-3, on synnemata of Graphium penicillioides, in rotten seed of Wettinia praemosa, in tropical cloud forest “Colonia Tovar” Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. R. F. Castafieda and T. Iturriaga, 25. XI. 2000. Minimelanolocus leptotrichus (Cooke & Ellis) R. F. Castafieda & Heredia in R. F. Castafieda et al. Cryptogamie Mycol. 22: 10 (2001). Syn.: Pseudospiropes leptotrichus (Cooke & Ellis) M. B. Ellis, More Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes, Kew, p. 224 (1976). Specimen examined: USB C00/60-6, on rotten seed of Wettinia praemosa. In tropical cloud forest “Colonia Tovar” Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. R. F. Castafieda and T. Iturriaga, 25. XI. 2000. Mycoleptodiscus terrestris (Gerdemann) Ostaz., Mycologia 59: 970 (1968). Specimens examined: USB C97/142, on fallen rotten leaves of Gyranthera caribensis, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacién Biolégica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal, 25. XI. 1997. USB C97/156-2, on fallen rotten leaf of unidentified plant, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacién Bioldégica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal, 25. XI. 1997, Nakataea fusispora Matsush., [cones Microfungorum a Matsushima Lectorum, Kobe, p. 100 (1975) Specimens examined: USB C97/151 on fallen rotten leaf of unidentified plant, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacion Biologica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal, 25. XI. 1997. USB C97/186 on fallen rotten leaf of unidentified plant, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacién Biolégica Rancho 223 Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal, 25. XI. 1997. USB C00/76, on rachis of decomposed leaf of Wettinia praemosa, in tropical cloud forest “Colonia Tovar” Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. R. F. Castafieda and T. Iturriaga, 25. XI. 2000. Cultures deposited: USB C97/151, USB C00/76. Nectria consors (Ellis & Everhart) Seaver, Mycologia 1: 61 (1909). Specimen examined: USB C98/3 on fallen rotten pod of unidentified plant, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacién Biol6gica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela, 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal, 25. XI. 1997. Cultures deposited: CBS 101114. Parasympodiella laxa (Subram. & Vittal) Ponnappa, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 64: 344 (1975). Specimen examined: USB C97/139, on fallen rotten leaves of Eucalyptus sp., Instituto de Estudios Avanzados (IDEA), Tecnopolis, Sartanejas, Baruta, Estado Miranda, Venezuela, 1100 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, 20.XI. 1997. Phaeoisaria clematidis (Fuckel) S. Hughes, Can. J. Bot. 36: 795 (1958). Specimen examined: USB C00/86-2, on rachis of decomposed leaf of Wettinia praemosa, in tropical cloud forest “Colonia Tovar” Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. R. F. Castafieda and T. Iturriaga, 25. XI. 2000. Phaeoisaria infrafertilis B. Sutton & & Hodges, Nova Hedwigia27: 219 (1976) Synonym: Chryseidea africana Onofri, in Onofri, Lunghini, Rambelli & Lustrati, Mycotaxon 13: 333 (1981). Specimens examined: USB C00/65-1, on submerged rotten leaf of Miconia sp., in tropical cloud forest “Colonia Tovar” Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. R. F. Castafieda and T. Iturriaga, 25. XI. 2000. USB C00/79, on rotten leaf of unidentified plant, in tropical cloud forest “Colonia Tovar” Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. R. F. Castafieda and T. Iturriaga, 25. XI. 2000. Cultures deposited: CBS 109469 = USB C00/65-1, CBS 109468 = USB C00/79. Phialocephala foliicola P. M. Kirk, Mycotaxon 23: 337 (1985). Specimen examined: USB C00/79-1, on rotten leaf of unidentified plant, in tropical cloud forest “Colonia Tovar” Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. R. F. Castafieda and T. Iturriaga, 25. XI. 2000. Phialocephala humicola Jong & Davis, Mycologia 64: 1352 (1972). Specimen examined: USB C00/69, on rotten leaf of unidentified Poaceae, in tropical cloud forest “Colonia Tovar” Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. R. F. Castafieda and T. Iturriaga, 25. XI. 2000. Pleurothecium recurvatum H6ohnel, Zentbl. Bakt. Parasitkde Abt. 2, 60: 26 (1923). 224 Specimen examined: USB C00/94-2, on rachis of decomposed leaf of Wettinia praemosa, in tropical cloud forest “Colonia Tovar” Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. R. F. Castafieda and T. Iturriaga, 25. XI. 2000. Pseudodictyosporium wauense Matsush., Microfungi of the Solomon Islands and Papua-New Guinea, Kobe, p. 33 (1971). Specimen examined: USB C97/182, on twig, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacion Biold6gica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal. 25. XI. 1997. Cultures deposited: USB C97/182. Pleurotheciopsis bramleyi B. Sutton, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 61: 420 (1973). Specimen examined: USB C00/87, on twig, in tropical cloud forest “ Colonia Tovar” Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. R. F. Castafieda and T. Iturriaga, 25. XI. 2000. Repetophragma dennisii (M. B. Ellis) Subram., Proc. Indian natn. Sci. Acad. 58: 185 (1992). Specimen examined: USB C99/119, on twig, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacion Biologica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal. 25. XI. 1997. Rhexoacrodictys queenslandica (Matsush.) W. A. Baker & Morgan-Jones, (in Baker, Partridge and Morgan-Jones) Mycotaxon 82: 110 (2002). Specimen examined: C97/144-2 and C00/145, on rachis of Bactris setulosa, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacion Biol6gica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal. 25. XI. 1997. Satchmopsis brasiliensis B. Sutton & Hodges, Nova Hedwigia 26: 1-16 (1975). Specimen examined: USB C97/136, on fallen rotten leaves of Eucalyptus sp.., Instituto de Estudios Avanzados (IDEA), Tecnopolis, Sartanejas, Baruta, Estado Miranda, Venezuela, 1100 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, 20.XI. 1997. Culture deposited: USB C97/180-1. Scolecobasidium dendroides Pirozynski & Hodges, Can. J. Bot. 51: 162 (1973): Specimens examined: USB C97/172, on setae and conidiophores of Beltraniella portoricensis on fallen rotten leaf of unidentified plant, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estaci6n Biol6gica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier’’, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal. 25. XI. 1997. Specimen examined: USB C97/176-2, on fallen rotten leaf of unidentified plant, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacién Bioldgica Rancho 2a.) Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal. 25. XI. 1997. Selenodriella ponmudiensis (Varghese & V. G. Rao) R. F. Castafieda and Saikawa comb. nov. Basionym: Circinotrichum ponmudiense Varghese & V. G. Rao, in Botaniska Notiser 131:215 (1978). Specimen examined: USB C00/76-3, on rachis of Wettinia praemosa, in tropical cloud forest “Colonia Tovar” Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. R. F. Castafieda and T. Iturriaga, 25. XI. 2000. Cultures deposited: CBS 109454 = USB C00/76-3. Note: Circinotrichum ponmudiense has conspicuous, mononematous, setiforme conidiophores and hologenous, multilocal, lageniform, sympodial conidiogenous cells, borne laterally and sometimes terminally on the conidiophores; all these characters are clearly defined in the genus Selenodriella R. F. Castafieda & Kendrick (1990). Selenosporella acicularis B. Sutton & Hodges Nova Hedwigia 28: 490 (1976). Specimens examined: USB C97/160-2, on fallen rotten leaf of unidentified plant, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacidn Biol6gica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal. 25. XI. 1997. USB C00/166, on fallen rotten leaves of unidentified plant, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacién Bioldgica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal. 25. XI. 1997. Selenosporella curvispora MacGarvie, Scient. Proc. R. Dubl. Soc., Ser. B 2:153-158 (1968). Specimen examined: USB C00/94-3, on rachis of decomposed leaf of Wettinia praemosa, in tropical cloud forest “Colonia Tovar” Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. R. F. Castafieda and T. Iturriaga, 25. XI. 2000. Septomyrothecium uniseptatum Matsush., Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 14: 470 (1971). Specimens examined: USB C97/162, on fallen rotten leaf of unidentified plant, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacién Biol6gica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal. 25. XI. 1997. USB C98/23-1, on fallen rotten leaf of unidentified plant, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacién Bioldgica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal. 25. XI. 1997. Culture deposited: CBS 101166 = USB C98/23-1 226 Septomyrothecium sp. Specimens examined: USB C97/142-2, on fallen rotten leaf of unidentified plant, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacién Biolégica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal. 25. XI. 1997. USB C00/149, on fallen rotten leaves of Gyranthera caribensis, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacién Bioldgica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal. 25. XI. 1997. Note: The conidia has an apical mucous, 12-16 x 0.5-1.0 um, hyaline appendage. Solosympodiella clavata Matsush., Microfungi of the Solomon Islands and Papua-New Guinea, Kobe, p. 49 (1971). Specimen examined: USB C00/89-1, on submerged rotten leaf of Chrysophyllum sp., in tropical cloud forest “Colonia Tovar” Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. R. F. Castafieda and T. Iturriaga, 25. XI. 2000. Sopagraha elegans R. F. Castafieda Deuteromycotina de Cuba. Hyphomycetes 2. Inst. Inves. Fund. Agric. Trop. 13 (1985). Specimen examined: USB C00/92, on submerged rotten leaf of unidentified plant, in tropical cloud forest “Colonia Tovar” Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. R. F. Castafieda and T. Iturriaga, 25. XI. 2000. Cultures deposited: CBS 109477 = USB C00/70-2. Sporidesmiella hyalosperma (Corda) P. M. Kirk, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 79: 481 (1982). Specimen examined: USB C97/175, on dead stem of unidentified Poaceae, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacion Biologica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal. 25. XI. 1997. Sporidesmiella hyalosperma (Corda) P. M. Kirk var. nova-zelandiae (S. Hughes) P. M. Kirk, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 79: 484 (1982). Specimen examined: USB C00/83-2, on rachis of decomposed leaf of Wettinia praemosa, in tropical cloud forest “Colonia Tovar” Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. R. F. Castafieda and T. Iturriaga, 25. XI. 2000. Sporidesmium minigelatinosum Matsush., Microfungi of the Solomon Islands and Papua-New Guinea, Kobe, p. 58-59 (1971). Specimen examined: USB C97/164-2, on fallen rotten leaf of unidentified plant, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacion Biolodgica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal. 25. XI. 1997. Sporidesmium polymorphum R. F. Castafieda, Deuteromycotina de Cuba. Hyphomycetes IV. Inst. Inves. Fund. Agric. Trop. Habana, p. 11 (1986). 227 Specimen examined: USB C97/164-3, on fallen rotten leaf of unidentified plant, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacién Bioldgica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal. 25. XI. 1997. Sporoschisma saccardoi Mason & S. Hughes, Mycol. Pap. 31: 20 (1949). Specimens examined: USB C97/154, on rachis of Bactris setulosa, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacion Biologica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal. 25. XI. 1997. USB C00/83, on rachis of decomposed leaf of Wettinia praemosa. In tropical cloud forest “Colonia Tovar” Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. R. F. Castafieda and T. Iturriaga, 25. XI. 2000. Sporsochisma nigroseptata D. Rao & R. Rao, Mycopath. Mycol. Appl. 24: 82 (1964). Specimen examined: USB C97/174-1, on rachis of Bactris setulosa, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacion Biol6gica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal. 25. XI. 1997. Stachybotrys atra Corda, Icon. Fung. 1: 21 (1837). Specimen examined: USB C00/70-2, on submerged rotten leaf of unidentified plant, in tropical cloud forest “Colonia Tovar” Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. R. F. Castafieda and T. Iturriaga, 25. XI. 2000. Cultures deposited: CBS 109477 = USB C00/70-2. Stachybotrys atra Corda var. microspora Mathur & Sankala, Sci. Cult., 32: 93 (1966). Specimens examined: USB C97/161-4 on fallen rotten leaf of unidentified plant, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacion Biolégica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal, 25. XI. 1997. Stachylidium bicolor Link : S. F. Gray; Link in Magazin Ges. Naturf. Freude Berl. 3: 15 (1809); S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Br. Pl. : 553 (1821); Fries, Syst. Mycol. 3: 391 (1832). Specimens examined: USB C97/181 on fallen rotten leaf of unidentified plant, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacién Biolégica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G, Vidal, 25. XI. 1997. Subramaniomyces fusisaprophyticus (Matsush.) P. M. Kirk, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 78; 71 (1982). Specimen examined: USB C00/91, on submerged rotten leaf of Chrysophyllum sp., in tropical cloud forest “Colonia Tovar” Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. R. F. Castafieda and T. Iturriaga, 25. XI. 2000. 228 Subulispora britannica B. Sutton, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 61: 423 (1973). Specimen examined: USB C00/79-1, on rotten leaf of unidentified plant, in tropical cloud forest “Colonia Tovar” Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. R. F. Castafieda and T. Iturriaga, 25. XI. 2000. Thozetella cristata Pyrozynski et Hodges, Can. J. Bot. 51: 168 (1973). Specimens examined: USB C98/1-1 on fallen rotten leaf of unidentified plant, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacion Biolégica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal, 25. XI. 1997. Culture deposited: CBS 101112 | Trichothecium microvermisporum R. F. Castafieda, Fungi Cubenses 2. Inst. Inves. Fund. Agric. Trop. 11 (1987). Specimen examined: USB C00/89-3A, on submerged rotten leaf of Chrysophyllum sp., in tropical cloud forest “Colonia Tovar” Estado Miranda, Venezuela, coll. R. F. Castafieda and T. Iturriaga, 25. XI. 2000. Wiesneriomyces laurinus (Tassi) P. M. Kirk, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 82: 748 (1984). Specimens examined: USB C98/1-2, on fallen rotten leaf of unidentified plant, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacién Biolégica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal, 25. XI. 1997. USB C97/156-4, on fallen rotten leaf of Gyranthera carabensis, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacién Biolégica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier’, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal, 25. XI. 1997. USB C97/183, on rotten fallen leaf of Theobroma cacao, Campo Centro, Estacién Experimental Miranda, Caucagua, Estado Miranda, coll. Isidro Contreras, 27-X-1997. Culture deposited: CBS 101143 = USB C98/1-2. Zelosatchmopsis sacciformis (R. F. Castafieda) Nag Raj & R. F. Castafieda, Can. J. Bot. 69: 633 (1991). Specimen examined: USB C97/185-1, on fallen rotten leaf of unidentified plant, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacion Biologica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal, 25. XI. 1997. Zygosporium germinatum S. Hughes, Mycol. Pap. 36: 825 (1951). . Specimen examined: USB C97/163-1, on fallen rotten leaf of unidentified plant, in a cloud forest, “Andy Fields”, Estacién Biolégica Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional “Henry Pittier”, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 1200 m altitude, coll. R. F. Castafieda, T. Iturriaga and G. Vidal, 25. XI. 1997. Boo ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to Dr. L. M. Carris (Washington State University) for kindly reviewing the manuscript. We are grateful to Universidad Simon Bolivar, for support our research and facilities. We are grateful to the Cuban Ministry of Agriculture for providing facilities during this study and the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environmental (CITMA) for supporting the senior author through the projects 2052, 2053 and 2054. We also are indebted to the “Darwin Initiative” for financial support. We acknowledged the technical assistance of Mirtha Caraballo and Nirva Gonzalez. REFERENCES Castafieda Ruiz, R. F. and Kendrick, B. 1990. Conidial Fungi from Cuba : II. University of Waterloo Biology Series 33: 1-61. Ellis, M. B. 1971. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes, Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, 608 pp. Goh, T. K. and Hyde, K. D. 1996. Brachydesmiella anthostomelloidea, a new species of dematiaceous hyphomycete from Australia. Mycological Research 100: 1364-1366. Hughes, S. J. 1961. Microfungi. VII. Brachydesmiella Arnaud. Canadian Journal of Botany 39: 1095-1097. Rao, V. G. & de Hoog, G. S. 1986. New or critical hyphomycetes from India. Studies in Mycology. 28: 1-84. Sivichai, S., Goh, T. K., Hyde, K. D. and Hywel-Jones, N. L. 1998. The genus Brachydesmiella from submerged wood in the tropics, including a new species and new combination. Mycoscience 39: 239-247. { : yh re vy B ra ten a ‘Ata ms apy! ‘ ro if iy iss . vp < : ari Na set “ ey Salis Gs cn Se on pnw sopetiates: oe ae ae die rx Pein. Vom ir 4\¥ ; ng Opa Ree a ee Sees ey Sata We et x Ce ee m PCM itl Tel rn moe entre vis finan Helge manne, Mpeciethnwon). 9G a 4 B i , aS ; mM wo ; - aul he wer nm Slee bw oe i aa ; ~? Ws abba, tag A ne putt: int i ga (f q s i 1 Md - ; a niaet Se) v 7 iL cn ta ‘ ui hint i Par wth 1 oo Saree Try fee bab a LR H Bit : aes hy eit ud ra 1% ne aK HOE Sidhe ys bins ft ging kee roid, cata Ot < Bie eae, ragn ng DD 5 Pen AR, ee ay aT we neon eh Patt } vi pee Phe wae i vy idaah af ‘ i adh, hit ee i 2 sot (F i te tale Lu ta eo ips a un ‘Bes Ts has wy 8), : a mes Ak Adi rah ll Na tt ea hs ae as ‘ a Ley Lee Ue a ati! orn ike os thi gen ees Abas wins cay. SY) TNA ote ay y %) i, ih : 1 4) AN eh Rama Ve ne fs MS . . fe a i ie bg 2 hiky bi ah aha , ne me eo ay i iy Aaah Pe aise a) ce fh ne aoe : . 3 a is OLS i) teuooret! “tom 5 ae ; aie celal (ES A A ee ae % "1 RS Te cue tn! MA eS “i ig) 4 Aes Sa ak ha ree i te on 5 im at ‘ r : Tie, 1 2 an . habe De 7 % Ai 4 ' i if . 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NaN. > \s ot Wires ' ip j : ‘ é A a ey W ra : 4 ' eh res 7 f wy ee a Hi be Ye . he) J i * fd » ¥) i : i i aoe ; amet aur : ’ obi” Fk ay Ri nen, Gi en) at var i i ae Ji fat yy I) ym first hele ) ae REE MANN tea a ie tia Whe ee ae ce ity ip eink Hany Wine, és _ rt F ahs Via Pca As , ae i ‘ i a | perce | nc neR aN TONS Sabu fy 3 Ae Saat Pine nia rican we mn oA irae sei veo! ee x ' af f ia ih ae a iv i + ie ol : ; 6a mo seh ea ms eri] ew 7 % ny ed: Bt al P a A ne at ee pies Stk ; x oa ‘ ' ty rs . ed i flay “a 4 ‘ & ¥ F : ‘ o #y oats a 7 5 'f ‘a — ee a | Walley tte w VR | ap. : ‘ 7 Pane Re hen ideas ee ah ald yas tans avi mr ee ry ee Miater B cee 7 : mA ; L i A | re set his Hs eae boukt 4 i Ny teat Meee i we Me Rast oe’ Ree : A: es | 19 ver pale ye py fe el alt”, tine ws ee} ioe Sn ade a Cine i ne Bo ha teh aegty nant ian ea eat Re LE a % nea tk: oo air, ", pita ae i Nee ce tay Ron ASH i Beats Has: } 7) ' } ia) o eA ate >» . iy jay a ti i b Lae 7. af ’ ; iy, ae _ Mah - a han Ay | i men ane Ny Tae) Na ar Pie th Sa a Bh as OO a) ‘ay : a4) iy | vn , ¥ y 7 n MY COTAXON Volume LXXXV, pp. 231-239 January-March 2003 A NEW SPECIES OF MINIMELANOLOCUS AND SOME HYPHOMYCETE RECORDS FROM RAIN FORESTS IN BRAZIL | R. F. CASTANEDA* RUIZ', J. GUARRO’, S. VELAZQUEZ-NOA! & J. GENE’ Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical “Alejandro de Humboldt”, (INIFAT) calle 1 esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba. C.P. 17200. *Unitat de Microbiologia. Facultat de Medicina i Ciencies de la Salut, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain, E-mail: umb@fmcs.urv.es ABSTRACT Minimelanolocus olivaceus anam. sp. nov., found on a decaying runner-like stem attached to a rotten leaf of unidentified species in a rainforest in Brazil, is described and illustrated. This new species is characterized by obclavate, 2-3(4)- septate, very pale olivaceous, smooth conidia. Notes on previously described species are given. Additional hyphomycetes are recorded for the first time from rainforests in Brazil. Key words: Hyphomycetes, tropical fungi, Sympodioplanus. INTRODUCTION Numerous microfungi were collected during a mycological survey of saprobic conidial fungi from tropical leaf litter in several undisturbed rainforests in Brazil. Among the collections was a fungus belonging to the genus Minimelanolocus R. F. Castafieda & Heredia (in Castafieda et al., 2001). The genus Minimelanolocus was established for species with hologenous, multilocal, integrated conidiogenous cells with sympodial proliferations and inconspicuous or slightly prominent, narrow, opaque, refractive to somewhat obscure conidiogenous loci. The conidia are euseptate, with obscure or refractive basal scar. The fungus from leaf litter in this study differs from described species of Minimelanolocus by conidial size, pigmentation and number of septa. MATERIALS AND METHODS Leaf litter samples were placed in separate paper bags and taken to the laboratory. The microfungi were isolated from single conidia picked out under a stereomicroscope *Email addresses available to contact the senior author: mcamejo@inifat.esihabana.cu, rcristobal@inifat.esihabana.cu or adolform@inifat.esihabana.cu Pasi immediately after they were collected from the substrate. They were grown on corn meal agar mixed 1:1 with carrot extract, incubated at 25 ° C under alternating cycles of 12 hours of daylight and darkness. Other samples were incubated in Petri dish moist chambers at 25 °C and examined at regular intervals for the presence of microfungi. Mounts were prepared in DL-lactic acid (85 % ) and polyvinyl alcohol-glycerol (8.0 g in 100 ml of water, plus 5 ml of glycerol) and measurements made at 1000 x magnification. TAXONOMIC PART Minimelanolocus olivaceus R. F. Castafieda et Guarro anam. sp. nov. Figs. 1,2 Etymol. Latin, olivaceus, meaning olive-green. Coloniae in substrato naturali effusae, pilosae, olivaceae ad usque perviride. Mycelium partim superficiale et partim in substrato immersum, ex hyphis septatis, ramosis, laevibus, dilute brunneis, 1.0-1.5 ym diam compositum. Conidiophora conspicua, mononemata, solitaria vel 2-4- aggregata, erecta, recta vel flexuosa, cylindrica, apice versus sinuosa ad usque geniculata, 5-9- septata, levia, brunnea, apice versus pallidiora, 55-120 x 5-8(-10) um. Cellulae conidiogenae multiloculatae, hologenosae, indeterminatae, 9-20 x 3 um, sympodialiter proliferantes, terminales vel intercalares mutantes, pallide brunneae vel subhyalinae, in conidiophoris incorporatae. Loci conidiogeni inconpicui vel leviter prominentibus, refractivi, 0.5 um lati. Secedentia conidiorum schizolytica. Conidia obclavata usque ad cylindrica, rotundata ad apicem, attenuata et angusta truncata ad basim, solitaria, interdum cum secundaria conidia visa; 2-3(4)-euseptata, 13-25 x 2.5-3.0 um, acropleurogena, sicca, levia, pallide olivacea, viridis in massa. Teleomorphosis ignota. Habitat: Jn caulis stoloniformis emuortis putridis in foliis putridis; in sylvae pluvialis, Rio Tinto, Brazil, /egit J. Guarro, 14. [X. 1997. Holotypus: MUCL 40706. Colonies on the natural substratum effuse, hairy, olive-green to deep green. Mycelium superficial and immersed, composed of septate, branched, smooth, pale brown, 1.0-1-5 tm diam hyphae. Conidiophores differentiated, mononematous, solitary or 2-4 aggregated, erect, straight or flexuous, cylindrical, sinuate or geniculate towards the apex, 5-9-septate, smooth, pale brown and paler towards the apex, 55-120 x 5-8(-10) um. Conidiogenous cells multilocal, hologenous, integrated, 9-20 x 3 um, indeterminate, sympodially proliferating, terminal, becoming intercalary, pale brown or subhyaline. Conidiogenous loci inconspicuous or slightly protuberant, refractive, 0.5 pm wide. Conidial secession schizolytic. Conidia obclavate to cylindrical, rounded at the apex, attenuate and narrowly truncate at the base, solitary, sometimes with secondary conidia; 2-3(4)-euseptate, 13-25 x 2.5-3.0 um, acropleurogenous, dry, smooth, pale olivaceous, green in mass. Teleomorph: unknown. Habitat: On decaying runner-like stem attached to leaf of an unidentified plant, Rio Tinto, Brazil, legit J. Guarro, 14. IX. 1997. i] eyes > ED een Fig. 1. Minimelanolocus olivaceus (MUCL 40706). Bar = 10 um 234 10 um. Fig. 2. Minimelanolocus olivaceus (MUCL 40706). Bar pias Holotype: MUCL 40706. Colonies on corn meal-carrot extract agar attaining a diameter of 10-22 mm in two weeks at 25 ° C; olive to green and reversed dark green to black, with limited aerial mycelium, remained sterile. Culture deposited: MUCL 40706 and FMR Minimelanolocus miscanthi (Matsush.) R. F. Castafieda & Heredia (2001) (in Castafieda et al. 2001) superficially resembles M. olivaceus, but M. miscanthi has elliptic to cylindrical, pale olivaceous, 3-7-septate, 20-40 x 6-9 um conidia. M. olivaceus strongly resembles Sympodioplanus capensis R. C. Sinclair & Boshoff in Sinclair, Boshoff and Eicker (1997) in conidial shape and size, but S. capensis has conidiogenous loci “flat in relation to the adjacent conidiogenous cell wall and not thickened, 1.5-2.2 tm wide” Sinclair et al. (1997), while in M. olivaceus the conidiogenous loci are inconspicuous or slightly protuberant, 0.5 um wide. Also S. capensis has hyaline to pale brown conidia that are broadly truncate at the base, which are different from the conidia of M. olivaceus. OTHER MICROFUNGI RECORDED FROM RAIN FORESTS IN BRAZIL. Acumispora phragmospora Matsush., Matsushima Mycological Memoirs 1: 3 (1980). MUCL 41074, ex rotten leaf, Mata Avenca-Santa Rita, Brazil, coll. J. Guarro, {OE OoT? Acumispora biseptata Matsush., Matsushima Mycological Memoirs 1: 2 (1980). MUCL 41093, ex rotten leaf, Rio Tinto, Brazil, coll. J. Guarro, 14. [X.1997. Ardhachanara cristaspora (Matsush.) Subram. & Sudha, Can. J. Bot. 56:731 (1979). MUCL 41059, ex rotten leaf, Mata Avenca-Santa Rita, Brazil, coll. J. Guarro, 10.0X. 1997: Atrosetophiale flagelliformis Matsush., Matsushima Mycological Memoirs 8: 14 (1981). Fig: 3 MUCL 41179, ex rotten leaf , Joao Pessoa, Brazil, coll. J. Guarro, 10.[X.1997. Chaetopsina fulva Rambelli, Atti Accad. Sci. Ist. Bologna Re. Ser. 11, 3: 5S (1956). MUCL 41055, ex rotten leaf, Mata Avenca-Santa Rita, Brazil, coll. J. Guarro, 10.1X.1997. Cylindrosympodium variabile (de Hoog) Kendrick & R. F. Castafieda Univ. Waterloo Biol. Ser. 32: 10 (1990). MUCL 41057, ex rotten leaf, Mata Avenca-Santa Rita, Brazil, coll. J. Guarro, 10.1X.1997. Dactylaria fusiformis Shear & Crane, Mycologia 63: 243 (1971). MUCL 41091, ex rotten leaf, Mata Avenca-Santa Rita, Brazil, coll. J. Guarro, 10.1X.1997. 236 ROGHAIE CS ~~ Fig. 3. Atrosetophiale flagelliformis (MUCL 41179). Bars = 10 um. 2350 Dactylaria zapatensis R. F. Castafieda, Fungi Cubenses 3: 5 (1988). MUCL 41049, ex rotten leaf, Rio Tinto, Brazil, coll. J. Guarro, 14. [X.1997. Dictyochaeta gonytrichoides (Shearer & Crane) Kuthubutheen & Nawawi, Mycol. Res. 94: 840-846 (1990). MUCL 41171, ex rotten leaf, Mata Avenca-Santa Rita, Brazil, coll. J. Guarro, LUX 1997" Dictyosporium micronesicum Matsush. Matsushima Mycological Memoirs 2: 8 (1981). MUCL 41163, ex rotten leaf, Mata Avenca-Santa Rita, Brazil, coll. J. Guarro, 10.1X.1997. Fusariella hughesii Chabelska-Frydman, Can. J. Bot. 42: 1485 (1964). MUCL 41057, ex rotten leaf, Mata Avenca-Santa Rita, Brazil, coll. J. Guarro, 10.1X.1997. Hemibeltrania malaysiana Matsush., Matsushima Mycological Memoirs 9: 12 (1996). MUCL 41067, ex rotten leaf, Rio Tinto, Brazil, coll. J. Guarro, 14. [X.1997. Henicospora coronata B. Sutton & P. M. Kirk, in Kirk and Sutton, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 75: 249 (1980). MUCL 41052, ex rotten leaf, Mata Avenca-Santa Rita, Brazil, coll. J. Guarro, 10.1X.1997. Holubovaniella elegans R. F. Castafieda Deuteromycotina de Cuba. Hyphomycetes 3. Inst. Inves. Fund. Agric. Trop. 13 (1985). MUCL 41052, ex rotten leaf, Rio Tinto, Brazil, coll. J. Guarro, 14. EX.1997. MUCL 41062, ex rotten leaf of unidentified Lauraceae, Mata Avenca-Santa Rita, Brazil, coll. J. Guarro, 10.1X.1997. Idriella cagnizari R. F. Castafieda & Kendrick, Univ. Waterloo Biol. Ser. 35: 63 (1991). MUCL 41060, ex rotten leaf, Rio Tinto, Brazil, coll. J. Guarro, 14. [X.1997. Idriella rara R. F. Castafieda, Deuteromycotina de Cuba. Hyphomycetes 2. Inst. Inves. Fund. Agric. Trop. p. 6 (1985). MUCL 41160, ex rotten leaf of unidentified Lauraceae, Mata Avenca-Santa Rita, Brazil, coll. J. Guarro, 10.1X.1997. Isthmolongispora minima Matsush., Microfungi of the Solomon Islands and Papua- New Guinea, Kobe, p. 30 (1971). MUCL 41173, ex rotten leaf , Joao Pessoa, Brazil, coll. J. Guarro, 10.[X.1997. Myrothecium setiramosum R. F. Castafieda, Deuteromycotina de Cuba. Hyphomycetes 4. Inst. Inves. Fund. Agric. Trop., p.10 (1986). 238 MUCL 41080, ex rotten leaf, Joao Pessoa, Brazil, coll. J. Guarro, 10.1X.1997. MUCL 41083, ex rotten leaf, Joao Pessoa, Brazil, coll. J. Guarro, 10.[X.1997. MUCL 41087, ex rotten leaf, Joao Pessoa, Brazil, coll. J. Guarro, 10.[X.1997. Parasympodiella laxa (Subram. & Vittal) Ponnappa, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 64: 344 (1975). MUCL 41186, ex rotten leaf, Joao Pessoa, Brazil, coll. J. Guarro, 10.1X.1997. Parapleurotheciopsis inaequiseptata (Matsush.) P. M. Kirk, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 78: 65 (1982). : MUCL 41089, ex rotten leaf, Mata Avenca-Santa Rita, Brazil, coll. J. Guarro, 10.1X.1997. Parasympodiella laxa (Subram. & Vittal) Ponnappa, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 64: 344 (1975). MUCL 41168, ex rotten leaf, Mata Avenca-Santa Rita, Brazil, col J. Guarro, 10.1X.1997. . Pseudobotrytis terrestris (Yimonin) Subram., Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., Sect. B 43: 277 (1956). MUCL 41052, ex rotten leaf, Mata Avenca-Santa Rita, Brazil, col J. Guarro, 10.1X.1997. Sarcopodium circinosetiferum (Matsush.) Matsush., Matsushima Mycological Memoirs 9: 24 (1996). MUCL 41054, ex rotten leaf, Rio Tinto, Brazil, coll. J. Guarro, 14. [X.1997. Soloacrospora microverrucosa R. F. Castafieda, W. Gams & Saikawa, Nova Hedwigia 64: 476 (1997). MUCL 41051 ex rotten leaf, Rio Tinto, Brazil, coll. J. Guarro, 14. [X.1997. Stachybotrys longispora Matsush., Icones Microfungorum a Matsushima Lectorum, Kobe, p. 145 (1975). MUCL 41052, ex rotten leaf, Mata Avenca-Santa Rita, Brazil, coll. J. Guarro, 10.1X.1997. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to Professor L. M. Carris (Washington State University) for kindly reviewing the manuscript. We are grateful to “Fundacié Ciencia I Salut” for financial support and to Cuban Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment (CITMA ) for facilities and support to the senior author through projects 2052, 2053 and 2054. We are also grateful to Mirtha Caraballo (INIFAT ) and Esther (URV) for technical assistance. 239 REFERENCES Castafieda Ruiz, R. F., Heredia, G., Reyes, Arias, R. M. and Decock, C. 2001. A Revision of the genus Pseudospiropes and some new taxa. Cryptogamie Mycologie 22: 3-18. Sinclair, R. C., Boshoff S$. & Eicker, A. (1997). Sympodioplanus, a new anamorph genus from South Africa. 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Ys AS a fA fe ‘ ®, “4 ; ‘al * Wy, ay. vA oT it 1 ny it, sete | he / ha MYCOTAXON Volume LXXX, pp. 241-245 January-March 2003 NOTES ON THE GENUS PITHOMYCES (HYPHOMYCETES) FROM CHINA XIU-GUO ZHANG & TIAN-YU ZHANG* Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China. E-mail: Zhxg@sdau.edu.cn, Fax: 86-0538-8226399.*Correspondence author Abstract: Three new species and four new records of Pithomyces are reported. The type specimens are deposited in Herbarium of Department of Plant Pathology of Shandong Agricultural University (HSAUP). Key words: new species, Pithomyces gladioli, P. clavisporopsis, P. saccharicola, new records, P. graminicola, P. maydicus, P. sacchari, P. chartarum Pithomyces gladioli X. G. Zhang & T. Y. Zhang sp. nov. Fig. 1 Coloniae pulvinatae vel effusae, pallide brunneae, Mycelium superficiale ex hyphis ramosis, septatis, subhyalinis vel pallide brunneis, laevibus, 2.0-2.5um crassis reticulates compositum. Conidiophora singularia ex apicibus lateralibusque hypharum oriunda, simplicia, recta vel flexuosa, cylindrica, brunnea, laevia, 2.5-3.0um longa, 1.5-2.01m crassa. Conidia singularia in apice conidiophori oriunda, recta vel curvata, ellipsoidea, oblonga vel obovoidea, brunnea vel fusca, laevia, 23-32 1b m longa, 9.5-12um crassa, transversaliter 3-5-septata, longitudinaliter vel obliqueve 0-3-septata, ad septa transversa distincte constricta. Hab. in foltis Gladiolus communis L., Nanchang, Jiangxi Provincia, Sina, 2 VIII 2000, leg. X. G. Zhang, HSAUP 20464, Holotypus. Colonies pulvinate or effuse on PCA at 28°C, pale brown, Mycelium superficial, composed of a network of branched, septate, subhyaline or pale brown, smooth-walled, hyphae 2.0-2.5um wide. Conidiophores reduced to very short lateral branches on the hyphae. Conidia formed singly as blown-out apices of short side branches, straight or curved, Fig. | Conidia and conidiophores of P. gladioli Fig. 2 Conidia and conidiophores of P. clavisporopsis ellipsoid, oblong or obovoid, brown to dark blackish brown, smooth, 23-32um long, 9.5-12um wide in the broadest part, with 3-5 transverse and 0-3 longitudinal or oblique septa, distinctly constricted at transverse septa. Pithomyces gladioli is similar in conidium morphology to Pithomyces elaeidicola M. B. Ellis and Pithomyces atro-olivaceus (Cooke & Hark.) M. B. Ellis (1960, 1971). However, the following three distinct differences are very useful in distinguishing these taxa. The conidia of P gladioli are much smaller, 23-32 x 9.5-12um, while those of the other two species are 33-55 x 15-2441m and 28-45 x 15-26um, respectively. Most conidia of P. gladioli have 3-5 constricted transverse septa, but conidia of both Pithomyces elaeidicola and Pithomyces atro-olivaceus have 5-6 constricted transverse septa. Conidia of P. gladioli are smooth-walled, but those of the other two species are verrucose. Pithomyces clavisporopsis X. G. Zhang & T. Y. Zhang sp. nov. Fig. 2 Coloniae pulvinatae vel effusae, pallide brunneae. Mycelium superficiale ex hyphis ramosis, septatis, subhyalinis vel stramineis, laevibus, 1.5-3.0um crassis_ reticulatis compositum. Conidiophora singularia ex lateralibus hypharum oriunda, simplicia, recta vel flexuosa, cylindrica, pallide straminea, laevia, 2.0-3.0um longa, 1.5-2.0um crassa. Conidia singularia in apice conidiophori oriunda, recta vel curvata, oblonga vel clavata, pallide-brunnea, laevia, 13-27p1m longa, 6.5-8.5um 243 crassa, transverse 1-4-septata, septa longitudinalia et oblique nulla vel raro, ad septa transversa distincte constricta. Hab. in foliis Lilium amoenum Wilson ex Sealy., Guilin, Guangxi Provincia, Sinay 3 1 VIEL O99 Meo XG. Zhang, HSAUP 990852, Holotypus. Colonies pulvinate or effuse on PCA at 28°C, pale brown. Mycelium superficial, Fig. 3 Conidia and conidiophores of P. saccharicola composed of a network of branched, septate, subhyaline or straw coloured, smooth-walled, hyphae 1.5-3.0um _ wide. Conidiophores reduced to very short lateral branches on the hyphae. Conidia formed singly as blown-out ends of short hyphal branches, straight or curved, clavate or oblong, pale brown, smooth, 13-27um long, 6.5-8.5um wide in the broadest part, with 1-4 transverse septa, longitudinal and oblique septa absent or very rare, distinctly constricted at septa. The most closely related species in conidial morphology are Pithomyces clavisporus Morgan-Jones (1987) and _ Pithomyces graminicola R. Y. Roy & B. Rai (Roy & Rai, 1968). The new taxon can be separated from those two species by conidial septation, size range and wall ornamentation. The distinctly verrucose conidia of Pithomyces clavisporus provide a striking character differentiating it from Pithomyces clavisporopsis and Pithomyces graminicola. Pithomyces saccharicola X. G. Zhang & T. Y. Zhang sp. nov. Fig. 3 Coloniae pulvinatae vel effusae, pallide brunneae. Mycelium superficiale ex hyphis ramosis, septatis, subhyalinis ad pallide brunneis, laevibus, 1.5-3.5um crassis, reticulatis compositum. Conidiophora singularia ex lateralibus hypharum oriunda, simplicia, recta vel flexuosa, cylindrica, pallide brunnea, laevia, 3.5-5.5um longa, 1.5-2.01m crassa. Conidia singularia in apice conidiophori oriunda, recta vel curvata, 244 ellipsoideo-oblonga, obovoidea vel obpyriformia, pallide-brunnea, laevia, 17-29um longa, 7.5-11.5um crassa, transverse |-3-septata, septa longitudinalia vel obliqua nulla, septa transversa distincte constricta, ad basim subacuta vel conica, ad apicem rotundata vel subtruncata. Hab. in foliis Saccharum officinarum L., Nanning, Guangxi Provincia, Sina, 17 VIII 1999, leg. X. G. Zhang, HSAUP 991114, Holotypus. Colonies pulvinate or effuse on PCA at 28°C. Mycelium superficial, composed of a network of branched, septate, subhyaline to pale brown, smooth-walled, 1.5-3.5um wide hyphae. Conidiophores reduced to very short lateral branches singly on the hyphae. Conidia formed singly as blown-out ends of very short side branches, straight or curved, oblong-ellipsoid, obovoid or obpyriform, pale brown, smooth, 17-29um long, 7.0-11.5um wide in the broadest part, with 1-3 transverse septa, longitudinal and oblique septa absent or very rare, distinctly constricted at septa, subacute or conical at the base, rounded or subtruncate at apex. In conidial morphology, this species is close to Pithomyces pavgii ( V. R. Nath ) Palm, E. R. Stewart & Rossman (Palm & Stewart, 1981) and Pithomyces graminicola. They are similar in shape of the conidia. However, The new taxon can be separated from the other two species by its conidia with fewer transverse and no longitudinal or oblique septa, and smooth walls. Conidia of Pithomyces pavgii and Pithomyces graminicola (1968) have 1-2 longitudinal or oblique septa and are smooth or verrucose-walled, respectively. Another striking character in that the conidial size range in the new taxon Is greater than those of the other two species. New Records from China Pithomyces graminicola R. Y. Roy & B. Rai, 1968, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc., 51: 152-155 On leaves of Mangifera indica L., Nanning, Guangxi Province, 10 IX. 1999. Coll. X. G. Zhang, ZXG99-904 (HSAUP 991104). Pithomyces maydicus (Sacc) M. B. Ellis, 1960, Mycol Pap., 6: 15 On leaves of Trachycarpus fortunei Wendland., Gueilin, Guangxi 245 Province, 10 X, 1999. Coll. X.G. Zhang, ZXG990-575 (HSAUP 990775). Pithomyces sacchari (Speg) M. B. Ellis, 1960, Mycol Pap., 76: 17-18 On leaves of Ficus altissima BL., Beihai, Guangxi Province, 10 X, 1999. Coll. X. G. Zhang, ZXG990-407 (HSAUP 990607). Pithomyces chartarum (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) M. B. Ellis, 1960, Mycol Pap., 76: 13-15 On leaves of Ananas comosus (L) Merr., Wuhan, Hubei Province, 9 XIII, 1999. Coll. X. G. Zhang, ZXG990-101 (HSAUP 990301). Acknowledgments The authors are greatly indebted to Prof. B. Kendrick for reviewing the manuscript. Literature Cited Ellis. M. B. 1960. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. I. Mycol. Pap (CAB IMI) 76: 1-36 Ellis. M. B. 1971. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. 44-45 Morgan-Jones. G. C. M. I. 1987. Notes on hyphomycetes Pithomyces clavisporus, A new species. Mycotaxon. 30: 29-37 Palm. M. E. and E. L. Stewart. 1981. Pithomyces pavgi, a new combination for Trichocladium pavgii and Pithomyces funiculosa. Mycotaxon. 13 (3): 465-468 Roy. R. E and B. Rai. 1968. New species of Lacellina and Pithomyces. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 51: 152-155 MY COTAXON Volume LXXX, pp. 247-252 January-March 2003 TAXONOMIC STUDIES OF STEMPHYLIUM FROM CHINA XIU-GUO ZHANG YUE-MING WU & TIAN-YU ZHANG - Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China. E-mail: Zhxg(@sdau.edu.cn, Fax: 086-0538-8226399. “Correspondence author Abstract: Four new species of Stemphylium are described and illustrated: S. gossypii, S. lactuci, S. momordi and S. alli-cepae. The type specimens of the new species are deposited the in Herbarium of the Department of Plant Pathology of Shandong Agricultural University (HSAUP). Key words: Hyphomycetes, new species, Stemphylium gossypii, S. lactuci, 5. momorai and S. ailii-cepae Stemphylium gossypii X. G Zhang & T. Y. Zhang, sp. nov. Fig. 1 Coloniae effusae, pallide brunneae. Mycelium superficiale: hyphae ramosae, septatae, pallide brunneae, laeves, 2.5-4.5um latae. Conidiophora solitaria, laevia, recta vel curvata, nonramosa vel raro ramosa, pallide brunnea, cylindrica, 4-5-septata, 82-126 x 3.5-5.5um, ad apicem tumida usque ad 6-8um, Conidia singularia pallide brunnea, oblonga-ellipsoidea vel oblonga, ad apicem subacuta vel conica, ad basim rotundata vel subtruncata, recta vel curvata, laevia, 1-transverse septata, ad plures longitudinaliter vel oblique septata, 39-61 x 17-31um. Hab. in foltis vivis Gossypium hirsutum L., Taian, Shandong Provincia, Sina, 12 VIII 2000, leg. X. G Zhang, Holotypus: HSAUP 20250. Colonies on PCA effuse, pale brown. Mycelium superficial: hyphae branched, septate, pale brown, smooth, 2.5-4.5um wide. Conidiophores solitary, simple or occasionally branched, straight or slightly curved, smooth, light brown, cylindrical, 4-S-septate, 82-126 = 3.5-5.5um, but 6-8um at the swollen apex. Conidia pale brown, oblong-ellipsoid or oblong, subacute or conical at the apex, rounded or subtruncate at the base, straight or slightly 248 curved, smooth-walled, with 1 transverse septum and several longitudinal or oblique septa, always distinctly constricted at the median transverse septum, 40-68 = 17-35um. The shape of conidia in Stemphylium gossypii is close to that in Stemphylium callistephi (Baker & Davis, 1950) and S. solani (Weber, 1930). The conidia of S. gossypii, S. callistephi and S. solani reach a size range of av. 54 26um, av. 70 x 32 mesand 'av. st oxo 2 2m, respectively, which indicates that the size range of conidia in the new taxon is larger than that of S. solani and smaller than that of S. callistephi. In addition, conidia of the new taxon always have one constricted transverse septum, whereas S. Fig.| Conidia and conidiophores of S gossypii «= CAllistephi usually has two constricted transverse septa. The conidia of the new taxon are less rounded at the base and smooth-walled which provide the necessary characters to distinguish it from S. solani, which usually has broadly round-based and verrucose-walled conidia. All of these characters of the new taxon can readily separate it from both well-known species. Stemphylium lactuci X. G. Zhang & T. Y Zhang, sp. nov. Fig. 2 Coloniae effusae, pallide brunneae vel brunneae. Mycelium superficicale hyphae ramosae, septatae, pallide brunneae, leaves, 1.5-3.S5um_latae. Conidiophora singularia, recta vel curvata, simplicia vel raro ramosa, medio-brunneae vel brunneae, cylindrica, 3-5-septata, 43-65 x 4.5-7.5um, ad apicem in saepissime | proliferationis usque 5-7p1m laevia. Conidia singularia medio-brunnea vel brunnea, ovoidea, obovoidea, oblonga-ellipsoidea vel clavata, recta vel curvata, laevia, 1-3-transverse septata, 0-2 longitudinaliter vel 0-2-oblique septata, distincte constricta, 28-50 x 14-32um, laevibus. Hab. in foliis vivis Lactuca sativa L., Hefei, Anhuei Provincia, Sina, 20 VIII 2000, leg. X. G. Zhang, Holotypus: HSAUP 20852. 249 Colonies on PCA effuse, pale brown to brown. Mycelium superficial; hyphae branched, septate, pale brown, smooth, 1.5-3.5um_ wide. Conidiophores solitary, unbranched or occasionally branched, straight or slightly curved, brown, smooth, cylindrical, swollen at the apex 5-7um diam and distinctly flared, 3-5-septate, 43-65 x 4.5-7.5um, Conidia solitary, brown, ovoid, obovoid, oblong-ellipsoid or clavate, straight or slightly curved, with 1-3 distinctly constricted transverse septa, and 0-2 longitudinal or oblique septa 28-53 < 14-32.5um, smooth-walled. The conidial shape in S. lactuci is similar to that of S. callistephi (Baker & Davis, 1950), but the two can be separated by conidium size range and_ septation. The conidia of S. callistephi and S. lactuci reach a size range of 50-70 x 22-30um (av. 60 x 26um) and 28-53 x 14-32um (av. 42 x 19um), respectively. Therefore, the size range of S. callistephi conidia is is greater than that of the new taxon. Meanwhile, the mature conidia of S. /actuci has fewer transverse septa (1-3) than those of S. callistephi (3-8). Besides, the apical conidium cell of S .callistephi is often strikingly conical, while that of the new taxon is often rounded or less conical. Fig. 2 Conidia and conidiophores of S. /actuci Stemphylium momordi X. G. Zhang & T.Y. Zhang, sp. nov. Fig. 3 Ex culturis in agaro PCA descripta, coloniae effusae, medio-brunneae vel brunneae. Mycelium superficiale ex hyphis ramosis, septatis, brunneis, laevibus, 2.0-4.5m crassis compositum. Conidiophora singula, recta, wont amosa vel raro ramosa, medio-brunnea vel brunnea, cylindrica, 2-3-septata, 64-94 x 5.5-8.511m, saepissime in apice ad 1 proliferationis usque 7-9m inflata, laevibus. Conidia singula in apice conidiophori et dein proliferationis cujusque successivae oriunda, medio-brunnea vel brunnea, oblonga, cylindrica, recta, transverse 2-4-septata, longitudinaliter vel oblique 3-11-septata, 34-71 < 12-21um, laevibus. Hab. in foliis vivis Momordica charantia L., Changsha, Hunan Provincia, Sina, 9 VIII 2000, X. G Zhang, Holotypus: HSA UP 20859. 250 Colonies on PCA spreading, medium brown to brown. Mycelium superficial, composed of branched, septate, brown, smooth, hyphae 2.0-4.5um wide. Conidiophores unbranched or occasionally branched, straight, medium brown to brown, cylindrical except at apical proliferations which are swollen or distinctly flared, 2-3-septate, 64-94 x 5.5-8.5um, wider apically up to 7-9um, smooth. Conidia develop singly through a wide DOLE Palate | yapexmoh each conidiophore, medium brown to brown, oblong, cylindrical, straight, smooth, with 2-4 thicker and darker transverse septa and 3-11 septa, longitudinal or oblique Fig. 3 Conidia and conidiophores of S. momordi septa; distinctly constricted at the 2-4 main transverse septa, smooth-walled. 34-71 x 12-21um, L/W ratio 3.2-4.5 in mature conidia. The shape of conidia in S. momordi 1s similar to that in S. floridanum (Hannon and Weber, 1955) and S. callistephi (Baker & Davis, 1950). S. momordi can be separated from S. callistephi by its L/W ratio of 3.2-4.5 (S. callistephi has an L/W ratio of 2.1-2.5). Otherwise, the conidia walls of the new taxon are often smooth, while those of S. floridanum are often verrucose. In addition, most of the mature conidia of the new taxon are less acute at the apex than those of the other well-known species. Stemphylium allii-cepae X. G Zhang & T. Y. Zhang, sp nov. Fig. 4 Ex culturis in agaro PCA descripta, coloniae effusae, pallide vel medio-brunneae. Mycelium superficiale ex hyphis ramosis, septatis, pallide brunneis, laevibus, 3.5-5.5um crassis compositum. Conidiophora singula, recta vel curvata, simplicia vel raro ramosa, medio-brunnea vel brunnea, laevia, cylindrica, 1-2-septata, 59-72 x 5.5-6.5um, saepissime in apice ad 1 py proliferationis usque 9-lljm inflata, laevibus. Conidia singula in apice conidiophori et in_ proliferationis cujusque successivae omnunda, medio-brunnea vel brunnea, oblonga, obclavata, in apice subacuto vel conico, ad basim subtruncata, recta vel curvata, laevibus, ad septa majora transversa distincte constricta, longitudinaliter 0-1, vel oblique 2-4-septata, 28-53 x 7.5-18.5um, laevibus. Hab. in foliis vivis Allium cepa L., Hefei, Anhuei Provincia, 17 VIII 2000, X. G Zhang, Holotypus: HSAUP 20650. Colonies effuse on PCA, light brown to medium brown. Mycelium superficial, composed of branched, septate, pale brown, smooth-walled, hyphae 3.5-5.5um wide. Conidiophores simple or occasionally branched, straight or curved, medium brown to brown, cylindrical except at the apical proliferations which are swollen or distinctly flared, 1-2-septate, 59-72 5.5-6.5um, flared apically up to 9-1lum, smooth. Conidia develop singly through a wide pore at the apex of each conidiophore, medium brown to brown, oblong to obclavate, subacute or conical at the apex, straight or slightly curved, smooth-walled, with 1 thicker and darker pigmented transverse septum at the median constriction, 0-1 longitudinal and 24 strongly oblique septa, 28-53 x 7.5-18um, L/W ratio of 2.5-3.2 in mature conidia. The conidium shape of this species is similar to that of Stemphylium solani (Weber, 1930) and S. bolickii (Sobers & Seymour, 1950). But the conidium of S. allii-cepae has generally only one median septum at which it is constricted, whereas that of S. bolickii usually has 3-4 such transverse septa. On the other hand, the conidial L/W ratio of S. allii-cepae and S. solani are 2.1-2.5 and 2.0, respectively. Fig.4Conidia and conidiophores of S. allii-cepae The L/W ratio of this new taxon is larger than that of S. solani. The smooth walls of the conidia in this new taxon distinctly differentiate it from the verrucose-walled conidia of S. solani and S. bolickii. gaz Acknowledgments The authors are greatly indebted to Prof B. Kendrick for reviewing the manuscript Literature Cited Baker K. F. & L. H. Davis. 1950. Stemphylium leaf spot of China aster. Mycologia 42: 477-486 Hannon C. I. & G. F. Weber. 1955. A leaf spot of tomato caused by Stemphylium floridanum sp. nov. Phytopathology. 45: 11-16 Sobers E. K. & C. P. Seymour. 1950. Stemphylium leaf spot of Echeveria, Kalanchoe, and Solanum. Phytopathology. 53: 1446 Weber G. F. 1930. Stemphylium leaf spot of solanum. Mycologia. 20: 517 MY COTAXON Volume LXXXV, pp.253-257 January-March 2003 A NEW SPECIES OF MEMNONIELLA De-Wei Li', Chin S. Yang, P & K Microbiology Services, Inc., Cherry Hill, New Jersey, 08003 R. Haugland, and S. Vesper National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45268 Abstract A new species of hyphomycetes, Memnoniella longistipitata anam. sp. nov., is described and illustrated. This fungus was originally isolated from forest soil in Japan. Key words: Hyphomycetes, Memnoniella longistipitata, Stachybotrys. Introduction Six species have been described in the mitosporic genus Memnoniella Hohnel: M. echinata (Rivolta) Galloway (=M. aterrima Hohn.), M. levispora Subramanian, M. subsimplex (Cooke) Deighton, M. zingiberis Rao, M. stilboidea (Munjal & Kapoor) Ellis, and M. leprosa Castafieda. Members of this genus did not attract much attention until several years ago, when public awareness of the apparent potential negative effects of indoor fungi on human health became an issue, and the ubiquitous and toxigenic Stachybotrys achieved considerable notoriety. There are several similarities between Memnoniella echinata and Stachybotrys chartarum: (1) widespread distribution, (2) production of an overlapping spectrum of mycotoxins, including trichothecenes, (3) saprobic lifestyles in indoor habitats (water-damaged buildings), (4) cellulolytic activities (the paper on damp wallboard), and (5) close phylogenetic relationships. During comparative sequence studies of Stachybotrys and Memnoniella to determine their phylogenetic relationships, one isolate (ATCC 22699) collected and deposited by T. Matsushima under the name of M. subsimplex, was found to be genetically different from both M. subsimplex and M. echinata (Haugland and Heckman, 1998; Haugland, Vesper and Harman, 2001). Further study at P & K Microbiology Services laboratory revealed that this isolate has distinctive morphological characteristics. The culture is therefore described as a new species. ' Contact author email: drdeweili@aol.com 254 Memnoniella longistipitata D. W. Li, Chin S. Yang, Vesper et Haugland sp. nov. Figures 1-4. Fungi mitosporici, Hyphomycetes. Coloniae in MEA, 27 mm diam. in 21 diebus ad 25°C, grisea; margina irregularia, massas conidiarum granulatae. Conidiophora longissima, distincta, solitaria vel interdum fasciculata, determinata, erecta, recta vel exigue curvata, non ramosa, (170-) 260-460 (-610) um longa (~ = 266 um) and (3.2-) 3.6 - 4.7 (-4.9) um crassa, primo hyalina, deinde © olivacea, verrucosa, apice inflata. Cellulae conidiogenae phialidicae, determinatae, discretae, laeviae, obovatae vel ellipsoideae vel clavatae, pallide olivaceae, 3-9 in verticillo dispositae, 9.7-10.2 x 4.7- 5.5 um, collulo conspicuo praeditae. Conidia catenata, aliquando in extremis complanata, primo hyalina, laevia, deinde agro-olivacea vel nigra, sphaerica vel subsphaerica, echinulatae (tuberculatae), 5.8-8.5 x 6.3- 8.3 um. Aliquot conidia (1% ad 5%) simile Stachybotrys formans: oblonga vel ovoidea, atro-olivacea in massis globosis aggregata, laevia vel verrucosa, 10.5-12 x 4.8-5.7 um. Teleomorphosis ignota. Holotypus ATCC 22699 ex solo sylvarum isolatus, Japan. Mitosporic fungi, Hyphomycetes. Colonies reaching 27 mm in diameter in 3 weeks at 25°C on malt extract agar, becoming grayish and granular with the production of conidia (Figure 1). Conidiophores very long, distinct, single, occasionally in groups, determinate, erect, straight or slightly curved, unbranched, (170-) 260-460 (-610) um long (mean = 266 um) and (3.2-) 3.6-4.7 (-4.9) um wide (Figure 2), colourless at first, later becoming olivaceous and roughened (Fgiures 2, 3). Slightly enlarged apex bearing 3-9 phialides in a terminal whorl. Phialides determinate, discrete, smooth, obovoid to ellipsoidal to clavate, light olivaceous, 9.7-10.2 x 4.7-5.5 um, with noticeable collarettes (Figure 3). Conidia catenate, acrogenous, in basipetal succession, spherical or subspherical, sometimes flattened at the ends, colourless and smooth at first but becoming dark olivaceous or black, warty, 5.8-8.5 x 6.3-8.3 um at maturity (Figure 3). This species also develops 1%-5% Stachybotrys-type conidia which are oblong or ovoid, dark olivaceous, smooth-walled to slightly rough, 10.6-11.9 x 4.8-5.7 um, aggregated in slimy masses (Figure 4). Teleomorph unknown Holotype: Dried specimen derived from a culture ATCC 22699 from a specimen collected in Japan by T. Matsushima. Isotypes are deposited in BPI, CUP, CBS, DAOM, and IMI. Living cultures maintained at ATCC (ATCC22699). Etymology: the specific epithet refers to the long stipe of this species. This species is very similar to M. subsimplex (Cooke) Deighton (Deighton 1960). The isolate used in the study was deposited at ATCC by the collector, T. Matsushima, under 295 Figs. 1-4. Memnoniella longistipitata. 1. Colonies on MEA after 3 weeks. 2. Long conidiophores. 3. Conidiophore, phialides, and conidia. 4. Stachybotrys-type conidia. Bars = 10 um (in Figs 3, 4), 40 um (in Figure 2), 10 mm (in Figure 1), respectively. the name of M. subsimplex, but conidia of M. subsimplex are coarsely warted, only 6-9 um in diameter, and the species develops much shorter conidiophores. M. echinata (Riv.) Galloway is another similar species, but has smaller conidia, 3-6 im in diameter. Zuck (1946) observed that VM. echinata developed both Memnoniella- and Stachybotrys-type conidia. M. longistipitata also develops some Stachybotrys-type conidia in slimy heads at the edge of the colonies. However, phylogenetic and specific PCR primer studies using sequence analysis of rDNA showed that M. longistipitata is genetically different from M. subsimplex and M. echinata (Haugland and Heckman, 256 1998; Haugland, Vesper and Harman, 2001). Other similar species are M. levispora Subram. (1954) which has smooth-walled conidia, often hemisphaerical, 5 (3-7) um in diameter; M. zingiberis Vasant Rao (1962) which has perfectly globose, warty conidia, (4.4-) 6-6.5 (-6.8) um diam; and both M. stilboidea (Ellis, 1976) and M. leprosa (Castafieda, 1986) which are synnematous. Jong and Davis, (1976) considered that M. zingiberis is possibly a synonym of M. echinata. However the studies of Haugland, et al. (2001) indicated a closer genetic similarity between M. zingiberis and M. subsimplex. Separation of Stachybotrys and Memnoniella has been controversial over the past 40 years. Smith (1962) considered that dry conidia in chains, as in Memnoniella, and slimy aggregated conidia, as in Stachybotrys, were not sufficient to separate them into two genera and demoted Memnoniella to synonymy with Stachybotrys. Kendrick and Carmichael (1973), Barron (1968) and Carmichael et al. (1980) concurred with Smith’s treatment. Zuck (1946) observed that M. echinata developed conidia in both dry chains and slimy aggregates. Our observation of a number of isolates of M. echinata confirmed his results. Memnoniella longistipitata also developed both types of conidia. Zuck (1946) considered the isolates that developed both types of conidia were intermediate between Stachybotrys and Memnoniella. A study using comparative sequence analysis of species of Stachybotrys and Memnoniella convinced Haugland et al. (2001) that the names of Stachybotrys echinata (Rivolta) Smith and Stachybotrys subsimplex Cooke 1883 should be revived. Further studies are necessary before the fate of Memnoniella can be decided. Since Memnoniella is apparently still accepted, our new species is placed in this genus. Acknowledgments The authors are very grateful to Drs. Bryce Kendrick and Richard Korf, Professors Emeritus of The University of Waterloo and Cornell University respectively for their critical review of the manuscript and suggestions, and to Brian Kerin for technical support. Literature Cited Barron, G.L. 1968. The Genera of Hvphomycetes from soil. The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 364 pp. Carmichael, J.W., Kendrick, W.B., Conners, I.L., and Sigler L. 1980. Genera of Hyphomycetes. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press. 386 p. Castafieda R.F. 1986. Memnonialla leprosa R.F. Castafieda, In Fungi Cubenses (La Habana): 10 (1986) 10-14. Deigton, F.C. 1960. African fungi. I. CMI Mycol. Papers 78: 1-43. Ellis, M.B. 1976. More Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon. 464 pp. Galloway, L.D. 1933. Note on an unusual mould fungus. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 18: 163-166. Haugland R.A. and Heckman, J.L. 1998. Identification of putative sequence specific PCR primers for detection of the toxigenic fungal species Stachybotrys chartarum. Molecular and Cellular Probes. 12: 387-396. Haugland, R.A., Vesper, S.J., and Harmon, S. 2001. Phylogenetic Relationships of Memnoniella and Stachybotrys Species Inferred from Ribosomal DNA Sequences pe! and Evaluation of Morphological Features for Memnoniella Species Identification. Mycologia. 93:54-65. Jong, S.C. and Davis, E.E. 1976. Contribution to the knowledge of Stachybotrys and Memnoniella in culture. Mycotaxon 3: 409-485. Kendrick, W.B., and Carmichael, J.W. 1973. Hyphomycetes. In: Ainsworth GC, Sparrow FK, Sussman AS, eds. The fungi. Vol. IVA. New York: Academic Press. p 323-509. Rao, V.G. 1962. Some new records of Fungi Imperfecti from India. Sydowia 16: 41-45. Subramanian, C. V. 1954. Fungi imperfecti from Madras. VI. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 33: 36-42. Zuck R.K. 1946. Isolates intermediate between Stachybotryis and Memnoniella. Mycologia 38: 69-76. ist 1 i m oy ere on day oa i ey fs ie Ae 7 x; es Page, rie. ax ae ie ae en Ae: gerterte ed ah : se * AG a ‘% eee abe ee 4 a: Poy teh ahies ait y ie Yr & ae one dbg $Me way igh Os Ae ree ae igh ie vay iv Ay t ioe Pa. ee ‘ se ee f Ae i i We Bie ( hie a P rf Hi bai m an Ne Hn oe Shit Thy ph Pau a zx cr jibes 3 tes o ues a j ; . Hi cr bs , ‘ ee inti ae ae He Mes as ’ bin ae ms | ocanted , 4 ‘ert a Ts ek ae iyath: ee a Fe re ke nee ei | } yor oy ak ia cau fede Hetie ‘ Dy re + hs i : 4 ; * aid nl a as aM Man) ind. Seis, yy al rl ; ay ARS nal Per r . ‘ty Veh. Nal | vay ¥ p +8 ‘ a : ‘ eT a. ; } a ARAL | : ‘¢ “4 x 4 * a Pg ‘ . ; ie Ue eyed bias A ee ee a ns uh yh Rai nie ie ee, 3 <4 vs aes ae “2 iy a and i ~ ite ne +l te me . . PMT Wi ir ok eae cr pote ee i 4 4 , 1 yi eta Ae oye oA A st) : ean?) owen ‘ Se Sale Die Py AGW ged Nie ‘eetie Ve itt 4 ah , ce Tse cabs. SENEDR i il ' Ap aie es \ Mei ‘ i lag yoy Py et sie a \ Mi | Noe ae a 1m TE er RAE se) Ant ae? > d » ‘ ee Biker, Let e Arg? ot My in cw fos bch eh ae ere Lee ene eee obi mi Sa a: AREA, al ee at DG ate ae . : , i Ly Mant Lia i are E Abed “ed Pe El Re ie bieaes Fog 7 da } aH 7\ 7 mS cy ha sy) ‘ ' ' {a Pie ay D osekleky wee ; + yh Wa ie. ¥ a r 4) Las 7 sh TRYARR YOY tert Sapapaerie Ut de al So Anew ee a ane bette con tan oe ace ' ‘ yy iG, a ¥ eet os J ‘ al AY rp 7 fh, ‘4 D y ae nt DOP he "A, ae Us ae 3s ; Wie % a ‘ ; hg fe) an ie OR aR IVAN arcane sant ee ei i i loahre Sait bifid iis ca a NOES TOR, VIA GRE a) Fh a Rg ch ory eee th, i De gh 4" bs bs 1 : ra -pabciee iiiiaeia aay viet. =) PE ay RAAT OE A bola a ing ver Wh, Ebiee, a) “ay wi bs si ne a Ri bald > 4 ty t a hey mt oA of a oy ; ian = ‘ ‘a ' p . Gr oe oa w : , eT rd ed + » ae mae ry : ; hy * : we! tee uh { if f I ae re Arne Yeast - } 4 . hs May é fx Vay ae rh faa ; © ou ar Hey hak ly ' Is Cite) igi WAP Co ’ ‘ , ; 1 4 f 4 ‘ , A sa : ye ¢ ea Ly eid . iy: MA r ; UI A - 7 ‘ 4) t +’ wy? Avy ak Pe 2 vad 4 a hip { a , a A er A f Ca i : 7 : rot) ; rs 4 We ye pia Ph , DO AGM - pe Yaw it vd ore e625 a, oh c Pa su ay y f ; i ee ‘ s q 2 v i M et ve { is ¥ q 7 “y is iy yee! \ y ghar ur j my ; vi ei > we a nf x on 4 IPS Dany , Tey ale. Of aig wy Ayn Dele gi Ae ay NC RY Leg {athe ated Fi : - CPA a aa) fy at hott Sea atc) a ek nana ef aa Reames Eg | Nay i i b3 beer ae Seed a ne May ce UaA OT oy 4 Pat at wr ’ yr,’ Ly soa apy or } >> . ; Cit ay aioe ert om ve) ia ~~ : ah ys na if 7 RY eS ee cas ee a Fee ap a “pt © dente 5 — me = So ii a MYCOTAXON Volume LXXXV, pp. 259-270 January-March 2003 TYPE STUDIES IN AGARICACEAE — CHLOROPHYLLUM RACHODES AND ALLIES Else C. Vellinga, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California at Berkeley, 111 Koshland Hall #3102, Berkeley CA 94720-3102, U.S.A. E-mail: vellinga@uclink.berkeley.edu The complex of Chlorophyllum rachodes in Europe and North America was investigated, and type collections or authentic material of Lepiota brunnea, L. bohemica, L. subrhacodes, and Macrolepiota venenata were studied. Chlorophyllum brunneum 1s shown to be the correct name for what was known as M. rachodes var. hortensis and var. bohemica. Diagnostic characters comprise the structure of the annulus and the bulb, shape and size of spores and cheilocystidia, and the clamp-connections. Five species are recognized: Chl. rachodes, Chl. olivieri, Chl. brunneum, Chl. subrhacodes, and M. venenata. A key to the species and an overview of the different interpretations of the names are provided. Introduction The species complex of Chlorophyllum rachodes (Vittad.) Vellinga (2002) (syn. Macrolepiota rachodes (Vittad.) Singer) has been the subject of many controversies and papers. The status of the names ‘hortensis', 'bohemica’, 'brunnea’, ‘olivieri’, 'venenata’, and 'rachodes' continues to be disputed and the delimitation of these taxa and their proper rank are still unresolved. Most of the papers on these species are European, but the species in question occur also in North America. The distribution in other parts of the world is not fully known yet, though the name ‘rachodes’ has certainly been used (e.g. Pegler (1977) for specimens found in East Africa; Bougher & Syme (1998) for an Australian species), but it cannot be a priori assumed that these descriptions refer to the same species as the European one. This paper focuses on two questions: 1. what species exist in Europe and North America and how can they be recognized? 11. what are the correct names for these taxa? Type collections of Lepiota brunnea Farl. & Burt, and Lepiota subrhacodes Murrill were studied, along with original material of Lepiota bohemica Wichansky and Macrolepiota venenata Bon. As Pilat did not designate a type collection for his taxon Lepiota rhacodes var. hortensis, none of his collections was studied. Indeed, though he introduced his taxon twice (Pilat, 1951; Pilat & Us-ak, 1952; see Bellu & Lanzon, 1987; de Kok & Vellinga, 1998) the name was never validly published because a Latin diagnosis was omitted. _ fa Some species, such as M. venenata, are considered toxic. In western North America, what is known there as Lepiota rhacodes var. hortensis, causes gastrointestinal problem when it has green tinges in the gills and between gills and stipe. Chlorophyllum rachodes, on the other hand, 1s a sought-after edible. To the uninitiated eye all the taxa look very similar. To discriminate between those species and to facilitate identification of European and North American material, a key to all accepted taxa 1s 260 provided, with drawings of spores and cheilocystidia. A table (Table I) with all the names and an overview of the different interpretations of those names is also given, as an aid for understanding the existing literature on this confusing group. All herbarium material was revived in a solution of Congo Red in ammonia. The drawings of microscopical characters were made using a drawing tube. The notation 'Spores [45]' indicates that measurements were made on 45 spores from one sample of one basidiocarp, whereas [46,4,3] indicates that the measurements were made on 46 spores from four samples in three collections. The following abbreviations are used: avl (average length), avw (average width), Q (quotient of length and width), and avQ (average quotient). Abbreviations of herbaria are from Holmgren et al. (1990). Bohemica — Fig. 1. Lepiota bohemica Wichansky in Mykol. Sb. 38: 103. 1961 (not valid; type collection not indicated); Macrolepiota bohemica (Wichansky) Krieglst. in Z. Mykol. 47: 83. 1981 (not valid, basionym not mentioned); Macrolepiota bohemica (Wichansky) Krieglst. & Pazmany in Z. Mykol. 51: 52. 1985 (not valid); Macrolepiota rachodes var. bohemica (Wichansky) Bellu & Lanzoni in Beitr. Kenntn. Pilze Mitteleur. 3: 191. 1987 (not valid). Wichansky provided a range of dates for his collections (27-XI-1960—12-XII-1960, and 4-V-1961—30-V-1961) but did not select one date for his type. Only one collection in PRM falls within these ranges, viz that collected 10-V-1961, and strangely enough this collection is labeled ‘L. rhacodes var. hortensis’, and was identified by Pilat. A second collection labeled ‘L. bohemica’, was identified by Wichansky, but it was collected several years later, and in a different place (see collections examined). The 1961 collection consists of two small basidiocarps, with simple annulus, and marginate bulb, which is wider than high. The following microscopical characters were noted: Spores [25] 9.9-11.8 x 7.1-8.1 tm, avl x avw = 10.8 x 7.5 um, Q = 1.35-1.6, avQ = 1.45, ellipsoid-amygdaloid with truncate apex in side-view, ellipsoid-ovoid with truncate apex in frontal view, with wide apical germ pore and thickened wall, congophilous, dextrinoid, and metachromatic in Cresyl Blue. Basidia 33-43 x 9.0-11 um, 4-spored, with basal clamp-connection. Lamella edge sterile, with a broad band of cheilocystidia. Cheilocystidia 33-47 x 10-16.5 tm, clavate, to utriform, a very few spheropedunculate, with brown contents. Pileus covering (central patch) a hymeniderm of tightly packed elements, 55-87 x 6-13 um, broadened at apex in most cases; the narrower elements with brown intracellular pigment, the widened ones mostly colourless. Stipitipellis a cutis of 5-10 um wide cylindrical, brown-walled hyphae. Clamp-connections present, at least at base of basidia and cheilocystidia. The second collection has the following spore and cystidia characters: Spores [15] 8.8-11.1 x 6.4-7.7 um, avl x avw = 10.1 x 7.2 um, Q = 1.3-1.5, avQ = 1.4. Cheilocystidia 36-50 x 7.5-12 tm, cylindrical-clavate, narrowly clavate or clavate. The collection made by Wichansky in 1961 is here selected as the lectotype of the species. Specimens of this taxon were described initially as relatively small (Wichansky, 1961), but later large ones were included as well (e.g. Candusso & Lanzoni, 1990); all share the marginate bulb, the simple annulus, and the predominantly clavate cheilocystidia. The stipe is often curved, as Wichansky’s illustration (1962) showed. 261 Aah Fig. 1. Lepiota bohemica — Spores and cheilocystidia (from lectotype). Bar is 10 um. De Kok & Vellinga (1998) disputed the existence of L. bohemica on the basis of macroscopical, and microscopical characters, and overlooked that the annulus in this species is simple or slightly double-crowned only. Characters relating to the shape of the squames, the size of the bulb, or the size of the germ pore, do indeed fail to discriminate between L. bohemica and Chl. rachodes. The shape of the cheilocystidia is the only microscopical character to distinguish the two taxa. Macroscopically, they are reliably discriminated by the annulus and the bulb characters. However, L. bohemica is considered here a synonym of Chi. brunneum (see below). Wichansky collected his specimens in a garden. Collections examined: Czech Republic, Prague, ‘Kinského sady, 10-V-1961, E. Wichansky (Lectotype designated here, PRM); Czech Republic, Pecky, 21-VIII-1964, J. Dite (PRM). Brunnea — Fig. 2. Lepiota brunnea Farl\. & Burt, Icones farlowianae: 8, pl. 6. 1929; Macrolepiota rachodes var. brunnea (Farl. & Burt) Candusso in Candusso & Lanzoni, Lepiota s.1., Fungi eur. 4: 535. 1990; Macrolepiota brunnea (Farl. & Burt) Wasser, Tribes Cystodermateae Singer and Leucocoprineae Singer of the CIS and Baltic States (Libri botanici 9): 82. 1993; Chlorophyllum brunneum (Farl. & Burt) Vellinga in Mycotaxon 83: 416. 2002. | The plate and description of Lepiota brunnea (Farlow & Burt, 1929) depict a large mushroom, with a relatively simple annulus, and a bulbous, not marginate, stipe base. The background of the pileus is described as lighter (whitish) than the squames, but is depicted with more or less the same brown colour. Type collection label information: ‘exhibited at Mycological Club, Oct. 1896; Drawing Portf. X 414 were made from this specimen’. The type collection consists of one basidiocarp, with a bulbous, but not marginate base; an annulus was not found in the material. The following microscopical characters were observed: Spores [25] 10.0-12.9 x 6.9-8.4 um, avl x avw = 11.2 x 7.7 um, Q = 1.29-1.67 avQ = 1.46, ellipsoid-amygdaloid with truncate apex in side view, ellipsoid to ellipsoid- ovoid with truncate apex in frontal view, with broad germ pore, thick-walled, congophilous, dextrinoid, and metachromatic in Cresyl Blue. Basidia 35-40 x 8.0-13 262 HOY Fig. 2. Chlorophyllum brunneum — Spores and cheilocystidia (from holotype). Bar is 10 um. um, 4-spored, some 2-spored. Lamella edge sterile; cheilocystidia 25-48 x 8-19 um, clavate, more rarely broadly clavate, a few spheropedunculate, with -brown contents, brown-walled or colourless. Pleurocystidia not observed. Pileus covering (centre of pileus) made up of tightly packed elements, difficult to observe individually, c. 30-60 x 4-10 um, cylindrical and with brown content or widened at apex (capitate, clavate) and colourless or brown. Clamp-connections present at base of basidia and cheilocystidia. A second collection, labeled ‘Authentic material’, consists of one specimen, with simple ring and bulbous base, and has the following microscopical characters: Spores [19] 10.6-13.2 x 6.9-8.6 um, avl x avw = 11.8 x 7.9 um, Q = 1.38-1.65 avQ = 1.49, ellipsoid-amygdaloid with truncate apex in side-view, ellipsoid with truncate apex in frontal view, with apical wide (up to 3 ym wide) germ pore, thick-walled, congophilous, dextrinoid, metachromatic in Cresyl Blue. Basidia 4-spored, e.g. 40 x 13.5 um. Lamella edge sterile; cheilocystidia 38-51 x 9-15 um, clavate and long- stalked, colourless, a few with brown contents. Pleurocystidia not observed. Pileus covering (centre of pileus) made up of tightly packed elements, c. 60-81 x 8-17 um, cylindrical and flexuous, or widened at apex, most elements with brown contents. The shape of the cystidia, and the relatively simple annulus are clear indicators that this is the same taxon known as M. rachodes var. hortensis and M. bohemica in Europe and western North America. The only non-conforming character is the stipe base, which is not marginately bulbous. The basidiocarps become totally brown with age. Lepiota brunnea is the oldest name available for this taxon, and it has been validly published. Chlorophyllum brunneum is here accepted as the correct name for the species characterized by a simple annulus, clavate cheilocystidia and spores with a consistently truncate apex and a wide germ pore. Bon (1993), calling this taxon M. rhacodes var. brunnea, said it was present in Europe, in Picea woods and greenhouses. He erroneously stated that both var. bohemica and var. brunnea are provided with a double-crowned annulus. The specimens from Picea woods he is referring to probably belong to CAl. olivieri, as he stated that there is not much colour difference between the squames and the background. Chlorophyllum brunneum is widespread in North America and Europe, and grows mainly in man-made, nutrient-rich habitats like gardens, and compost heaps. It has also been found in similar habitats in southern Australia (Vellinga, 2003). The type collection was found in a "greenhouse and fertile soil" (Farlow & Burt, 1929). 263 YCOO | Fig. 3. Chlorophyllum olivieri — Spores and cheilocystidia (from coll. E.C. Vellinga 2230 (L)). Bar is 10 pm. Collections examined: U.S.A., Massachusetts, Oct. 1 896, collector unknown (holotype, FH); U.S.A., Massachusetts, Cambridge, College Yard, Oct. 1905, Hurlbute (?) (FH). Hortensis Lepiota rachodes var. hortensis Pilat, Klic kurcovani nasich hub hribovitych a bedlovitych. Agaricales: 422. 1951 (not valid, no Latin description); Macrolepiota rhacodes var. hortensis (Pilat) Wasser, Flora Grib. Ukr. Agar. Grib.: 298. 1980 (not valid). Pilat & Usak (1952) gave accurate illustrations of Lepiota rhacodes var. hortensis, showing a big fleshy fungus, with a marginate bulb, and a relatively simple annulus. Unfortunately, a Latin diagnosis was never provided, so this taxon has not been validly published. Nevertheless, the name Macrolepiota rachodes var. hortensis has been widely used (e.g. Arora, 1986; Breitenbach & Kranzlin, 1995; Phillips, 1981), but for various taxa (Table I). Arora (1986) and Phillips (1981) used it for a species with a marginate bulbous base, and a relatively simple annulus, matching L. bohemica and Chl. brunneum, this synonymy is accepted here. Breitenbach & Kranzlin (1995) used it for a species with a bulbous base and a double crowned annulus; their line drawings of microscopical characters show short cheilocystidia and indicate Chi. rachodes. The ecology of Lepiota rhacodes var. hortensis was given as “In gardens and parks, especially on manured soil rich in humus, on compost and similar places” (Pilat & Usak, 1958), exactly the same habitat as given for L. bohemica and L. brunnea. Olivieri — Fig. 3. Lepiota olivieri Barla in Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 2: 113. 1886; Lepiota rachodes var. olivieri (Barla) Barla, Fl. mycol. ill.: 27. 1889; Macrolepiota rachodes f. olivieri (Barla) R. de Kok in Kok & Vellinga in Persoonia 17: 74. 1998; Macrolepiota olivieri (Barla) Wasser, Fl. Fung. R.S.S. Ucrainicae, Agaricaceae: 298. 1980; Chlorophyllum olivieri (Barla) Vellinga in Mycotaxon 83: 416. 2002. 264 ie eere a: Fig. 4. Chlorophyllum rachodes — Spores and cheilocystidia (from coll. E.C. Vellinga 2116 (L)). Bar is 10 um. Chlorophyllum olivieri resembles Chl. rachodes in general habit, but differs in the olivaceous drab, grey or brownish squames which do not contrast with the background, and the slightly smaller spores, viz. (7.5-)8.0-11.0 x 5.5-7.0 um,-.avl x avw = 8.7-10.0 x 5.8-6.6 um, Q = 1.3-1.65, Qav = 1.45-1.55. This taxon has generally not been recognized and many illustrations of Chl. rachodes show this species instead (e.g. Breitenbach & Kranzlin, 1995; Phillips, 1981; see Table I). Comparison of the nrlTS sequences of Chi. rachodes and Chi. olivieri have shown that this is indeed a good species, which is not only morphologically but also molecularly well characterized (Vellinga et al., 2003). Bellu & Lanzoni (1987) studied Barla’s original material, and they did not observe a germ pore in the spores, casting doubt on the right use of the name. For the time being, however, this name is retained for this taxon. Chlorophyllum olivieri is known from Europe where it is widespread, and from the northwestern part of the U.S.A. It is a species of Picea and deciduous woods in Europe, and of oak habitats in the Pacific Northwest. Rachodes — Fig. 4. Agaricus rachodes Vittad., Descr. Funghi mang. Italia: 158. 1835; Agaricus procerus var. rachodes Rab., Deutschl. Krypt.Fl.: 574. 1844; Lepiota rachodes (Vittad.) Quél. in Mém. Soc. Emul. Montbéliard. sér. II, 5: 5. 1872 (Champ. Jura Vosges 1): Leucocoprinus rachodes (Vittad.) Pat., Ess. tax. Hym.: 171. 1900 (as L. rhacodes); Lepiotophyllum rachodes (Vittad.) Locq. in Bull. mens. Soc. linn. Lyon 11: 40. 1942 (as L. rhacodes); Macrolepiota rachodes (Vittad.) Sing. in Lilloa 22: 417. ('1949') 1951; Chlorophyllum rachodes (Vittad.) Vellinga in Mycotaxon 83: 416. 2002. Chlorophyllum rachodes is characterized by big basidiocarps, contrasting squames on the pileus, a double-crowned annulus, a bulbous stipe base (which is not marginate), and spheropedunculate to broadly cheilocystidia, which are 10-35 x 8.5-25 um and often catenate. Spore sizes are as follows (based on numerous collections from Europe and North America) 8.8-12.7 x 5.4-7.9 um, avl x avw = 9.5-10.7 x 6.2-7.4 um, Q = 1.3- 1.8(-1.95), avQ = 1.45-1.6; the apex is rounded to truncate with a relatively narrow to broad germ pore. It is widespread and known from Europe and North America. In western North America it is rare, and there Chi. brunneum is the common species. Chlorophyllum rachodes grows both in natural and in man-made habitats. 265 Fig. 5. Chlorophyllum subrhacodes — Spores and cheilocystidia (from holotype). Bar is 10 uum. Subrhacodes — Fig. 5. Lepiota subrhacodes Murrill in Lloydia 6: 223. 1943; Chlorophyllum subrhacodes (Murrill) Vellinga in Mycotaxon 83: 416. 2002. The type collection consists of one mature and two young basidiocarps, in reasonable condition. The following microscopical characters were observed. Spores [20] 8.0-9.1 x 5.6-6.2 um, avl x avw = 8.7 x 5.8 um, Q = 1.4-1.6, avQ = 1.5, in side-view ellipsoid-amygdaloid with truncate apex, in frontal view ellipsoid- ovoid with truncate apex, with wide apical germ pore, thick-walled, congophilous, dextrinoid and metachromatic in Cresyl Blue. Basidia 27-33 x 8.0-11 um, 4-spored. Lamella edge sterile. Cheilocystidia 24-55 x 10-17 tm, clavate, some mucronate or with strangulated excrescence, brown-walled. Pileus covering (velar patches) hymeniform, made up of flexuous, cylindrical elements with rounded apex, 22-65 x 5-10 um, some slightly widened at apex, some with brown intracellular pigment, not as tightly packed as in Chl. rachodes. Stipitipellis a cutis of cylindrical straight hyphae, brown coloured, c. 2-6 um in diameter. Clamp-connections not observed at base of basidia and cheilocystidia. Spore and cheilocystidial sizes in the other three collections examined are as follows: [50,3,3] 8.1-10.6 x 5.4-9.5 um, avl x avw = 9.2-9.5 x 5.8-6.0 um, Q = 1.3-1.75, avQ = 1.55.-1.65; cheilocystidia 19-53 x 8.5-20 um, very variable in shape, but predominantly clavate. The type collection of Lepiota subrhacodes was examined by Smith (1966). Her observations on spore sizes are 1n perfect agreement with mine. Chlorophyllum subrhacodes differs from Chl. rachodes in the consistently smaller spores, the clavate cheilocystidia, which sometimes have a moniliform to mucronate excrescence, and the structure of the pileus covering, made up of narrow elements, which are not widened or, rarely, may be slightly widened at apex. Chlorophyllum subrhacodes 1s a relatively small species, which resembles Chi. brunneum, in habitat and in the clavate cystidia, but differs in the smaller spores with a more tapered apex, and in the fact that some cystidia have a different shape. It also is close to Chl. neomastoideum in the shape and size of the spores, which are slightly smaller in Chl. neomastoideum (on average 8.1 x 5.2 um). The shape of the cheilocystidia is different in Chl. neomastoideum, viz. clavate without apical excrescences, and the basidia are provided with clamp-connections. 266 Poor Fig. 6. Macrolepiota venenata — Spores and cheilocystidia (from coll. M. Bon 770925 (L)). Bar is 10 pm.. Chlorophyllum subrhacodes has some characters in common with Leucoagaricus nympharum (Kalchbr.) Bon, especially the shape of the cheilocystidia, but differs clearly in the shape of the spores, and the structure of the pileus covering, which is much looser in L. nympharum. Clamp-connections have not been observed in either species. Shape of the cheilocystidia, and spore size, have turned out to be important characters for species recognition in this group. Chlorophyllum subrhacodes is only known from Florida, where it is found under oaks in hammocks (Murrill, 1943). Collections examined: U.S.A., Florida, Gainesville, Hunter’s Station, 26-VII-1938, E. West & W.A. Murrill (holotype, FLAS); U.S.A., Florida, 7-mile Church near Gainesville, Red-oak woods, 27-X-1941, W.A. Murrill, F19494 (FLAS); U.S.A., Florida, Alachua Co., Gainesville, 2-X-1954, E. West, F44267 (FLAS); U.S.A., Florida, Gainesville, campus, 25-IX- 1952, W.A. Murrill, F45739 (FLAS). Venenata — Fig. 6. Macrolepiota venenata Bon in Bon, Vallée & Jacob in Doc. mycol. 9 (35): 13. 1979 (not valid). Unfortunately Macrolepiota venenata was not validly published. Just as Wichansky had failed to do with L. bohemica, Bon (in Bon et al., 1979) omitted to pick one date for his type collection. In the Latin diagnosis only a time of year (Aug. — Nov.) is given, while in the French description the date for the type collection (number 770925) is given as September 1974 to 1977. The author of the species should either make clear on which date the type collection was collected, or designate another collection as the type. A part of Bon’s collection 770925, consisting of a wedge of a pileus, is conserved at L and was studied. The following characters were observed: Spores [10] 9.7-11.6 x 6.8-8.1 um, avl x avw = 10.4 x 7.4 um, Q = 1.3-1.5, avQ = 1.4, ellipsoid-amygdaloid with truncate apex in side-view, ellipsoid-ovoid with truncate apex in frontal view, with broad germ pore and thick wall, congophilous. Basidia 28-37 x 11-15 um, 4-spored, without clamp-connection at base. Lamella edge sterile; 267 cheilocystidia 26-35 x 13-15 um, clavate, without clamp-connection at base. Pileus covering (central patch) made up of tightly packed terminally widened (narrowly clavate), not coloured elements, with narrow cylindrical elements with intracellular brown pigment. Clamp-connections not observed at base of basidia and cystidia. Macrolepiota venenata was extensively described by Bon et al. (1979), and as stated by these authors, this taxon is characterized by a more radially fibrillose pileus surface than any other species in this group, a relatively simple annulus (a character shared with Chl. brunneum), and the absence of clamp-connections at the base of basidia and cystidia. The pileus covering seems to be less tight than in the other taxa, and is easily radially torn apart (Filippi & Barbini, 1989, fig. 2bis; Bon et al., 1979, pl. 4b). On account of the relatively simple annulus and the absence of clamp-connections it was thought to be closely related to M. excoriata (Schaeff.: Fr) Wasser, but that species belongs to Macrolepiota proper, on account of the trichodermal character of the pileus covering, the presence of bands on the stipe, and the hyaline cap over the germ pore. Macrolepiota venenata is apparently toxic (Bon et al., 1979). It has been reported from nutrient-rich localities in France and Italy. Collection examined: France, dépt. Mayenne, Villiers-Charlemagne, La Terrerie, near Laval, Sept. 1974-1977, M. Bon 770925 (L). Key to the species 1. Spore print green; lamellae completely greenish with age Chl. molybdites 1. Spore print white or off-white; lamellae whitish or brownish with age, never totally green; sometimes a bluish green shade is present near the stipe 2. Pileus squames of similar colour as background (often olivaceous brown, greyish brown); spores (7.5-)8.0-11.0 x 5.5-7.0 um, avl x avw = 8.7-10.0 x 5.8-6.6 um Chi. olivieri 2. Pileus squames brown (different shades) on white to cream background, which is distinctly paler than squames (though may become concolorous with age) 3. Clamp-connections absent at base of basidia and cheilocystidia 4. Spores 8.0-10.5 x 5.4-6.7 um, avl x avw = 8.7-9.5 x 5.8-6.0 um; cheilocystidia 19-53 x 8.5-20 um, very variable in shape, often clavate, some with moniliform apical excrescence Chi. subrhacodes 4. Spores 9.7-11.6 x 6.8-8.1 um, avl x avw = 10.4 x 7.4 um; cheilocystidia 26-35 x 13-15 um, clavate M. venenata 3. Clamp-connections present at base of basidia and cheilocystidia 5. Basidiocarps with abruptly to marginately bulbous stipe base; annulus relatively simple, without a double crown, but with a tough brown patch on the underside; spores often with a truncate apex; cheilocystidia 20-51 x 9-19 um, clavate, narrowly clavate Chl. brunneum 5. Basidiocarps with widened base of stipe, but not abruptly so; annulus complex, with double crown; spores either with truncate or with rounded apex; cheilocystidia 10-38 x 8.5-25 um long, spheropedunculate, broadly clavate to clavate Chl. rachodes 268 Acknowledgments The curators of the herbaria FH, PRM (Jan Holec) and FLAS (James W. Kimbrough) are acknowledged for the loan of type and authentic collections. John Lennie gave valuable comments on the first draft. Dennis E. Desjardin was so kind as to review the manuscript before publication. Table I. Overview of the diverse interpretation of names in the group of Chlorophyllum rachodes, and the names as accepted in this paper. Chlorophyllum olivieri (validly published) and Macrolepiota venenata (invalidly published) have always been interpreted in the same way as accepted here. This overview does not pretend to be complete. ame! Status bohemica Interpretation Candusso & Lanzoni, 1990 Filippi & Barbini, 1989 Lavorato, 1989 Bartelli & Smith, 1964 Bon, 1993 Arora, 1986 Bellu, 1982 Breitenbach & Kranzlin, 1995 Cetlon1993 Phillips, 1981 Phillips, 1991 Arora, 1986: pl. 69 Bellu, 1982 Bon, 1993 Breitenbach & Kranzlin, 1995 Cetto, 1980 De Kok & Vellinga, 1998 Huffman et al., 1989 Lavorato, 1989 Lincoff, 1981 Miller, 1972 Phillips, 1981 Accepted name brunneum brunneum rachodes rachodes probably olivieri and brunneum brunneum brunneum rachodes brunneum brunneum olivieri (or rachodes) rachodes olivieri olivieri (probably) olivieri olivieri rachodes and brunneum Leucoagaricus americanus olivieri rachodes and brunneum Leucoagaricus americanus olivieri ' Names as published, and irrespective of rank (both published and interpreted) 269 References Arora, D., 1986. Mushrooms demystified. A comprehensive guide to the fleshy fungi. Ed..2..Ten Speed Press, Berkeley. 959 pp. Bartelli, I. & A.H. Smith, 1964. Notes on interesting musrhooms from the Upper Peninsula. The Michigan Botanist 3: 83-86. Bellu, F., 1982. Contributo al genere Macrolepiota Singer, 19. Boll. Gruppo micol. G. Bres. 25: 100-121. Bellu, F. & G. Lanzoni. 1987. Betrachtungen uber die Gattung Macrolepiota Singer in Europa. Beitr. Kenntn. Pilze Mitteleur. 3: 189-204. Bon, M., 1993. Flore mycologique d'Europe 3. Les Lépiotes. Doc. mycol. Mémoirs hors série no. 3. Lepiotaceae Roze. Bon, M., L. Vallée, M. Jacob, 1979. Une nouvelle Lépiote toxique — Macrolepiota venenata Bon sp. nov. Doc. mycol. 9 (35): 13-21. Bougher, N.L. & K. Syme, 1998. Fungi of southern Australia. University of Western Australia Press: Nedlands, Western Australia. 391 pp. Breitenbach, J. & F. Kranzlin, 1995. Pilze der Schweiz. Band 4. Blatterpilze 2. Teil. Verlag Mykologia, Luzern. 368 pp. Candusso, M. & G. Lanzoni, 1990. Lepiota s.1. Fungi europaei 4. Giovanna Biella, Saronno. 743 pp. Cetto, B., 1980. Der groBe Pilzfthrer 1. 6. Aufl. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, Wien, Zurich. 669 pp. Cetto, B., 1993, I funghi dal Vero, 5. Ed. 2. Arti Graphice Saturnia. Trento. 727 pp. Farlow, W.G. & E.A. Burt, 1929. Icones Farlowianae. The Farlow Library and Herbarium of Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. 120 pp. Filippi, I. & P. R. Barbini, 1989. Macrolepiota rachodes var. bohemica (Mich.) Bellu & Lanzoni oppure Macrolepiota venenata Bon? Riv. Micol. 32: 266-271. Holmgren, P.K., N.H. Holmgren & L.C. Barnett, 1990. Index Herbariorum Part 1. The herbaria of the world. Ed. 8. Regnum vegetabile 120: x1 + 1-693. Huffman, D.M., L.H. Tiffany & G. Knaphus, 1989. Mushrooms & other fungi of the midcontinental United States. lowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa. i-vill + 326 Pp. Kok, R.P.J. de, & E.C. Vellinga. 1998. Notulae ad Floram Agaricinam neerlandicam XXXII. Macrolepiota. Persoonia 17: 69-79. Lavorato, C., 1989. Osservazioni su alcune Macrolepiota. Riv. Micol. 32: 272-282. Lincoff, G.H., 1981. The Audubon Society field guide to North American mushrooms. Alfred A. Knopf, New York. 926 pp. Miller, O.K. Jr., 1972. Mushrooms of North America. E.P. Dutton & Co., Inc., New York. 360 pp. Murrill, W.A., 1943. More new fungi from Florida. Lloydia 6: 207-228. Pegler, D.N., 1977. Preliminary agaric flora of East Africa. Kew Bull. add. Series VI. Phillips, R., 1981. Mushrooms and other fungi of Great Britain and Europe. Pan Books Ltd, London. 288 pp. Phillips, R., 1991. Mushrooms of North America. Little, Brown and Company. Boston, Toronto, London. 319 pp. Pilat, A., 1951. Klic kurcovani nasich hub hribovitych a bedlovitych. Agaricales. Praha. Pilat, A. & O. Usak, 1952. Nase Houby. Brazda. Pilat, A. & O. Usak, 1958. Mushrooms. Spring Books, London. Smith, H.V., 1966. Contributions toward a monograph on the genus Lepiota, |. Type studies in the genus Lepiota. Mycopath. & Mycol. appl. 29: 97-117. 270 Vellinga, E.C., 2001. Macrolepiota. In: M.E. Noordeloos, Th.W. Kuyper & E.C. Vellinga (eds). Flora agaricina neerlandica 5: 64-73. A.A. Balkema Publishers Lisse/Abingdon/Exton (PA)/Tokyo 169 pp. Vellinga, E.C., 2002. New combinations in Chlorophyllum. Mycotaxon 83: 415-417. Vellinga, E.C. 2003. Notes on Chlorophyllum and Macrolepiota (Agaricaceae) in Australia. Australian Systematic Botany. Vellinga, E.C., R.P.J. de Kok & T.D. Bruns, 2003. Phylogeny and taxonomy of Macrolepiota (Agaricales). Mycologia. Wichansky, E., 1961. Bedla ceska. Lepiota bohemica Wich. sp. n. Mykol. Sb. 38: 102- 103. Wichansky, E., 1962. Bedla ceska. Lepiota (Macrolepiota) bohemica Wich. sp. n. Mykol. Sb. 39: 12-13. MYCOTAXON Volume LXXX, pp. 271-275 January-March 2003 TWO NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS PHOLIOTA FROM SOUTH INDIA K. NATARAJAN AND C. RAVINDRAN | Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, | Chennai -600 025, India. Email- knraj42@yahoo.com Abstract: Two new species of the genus Pholiofa viz., Pholtota sylva and Pholiota cystidiata, collected from Nilgiris district, Tamil Nadu, India, are described. Key Words: Agaricales, Strophariaceae, During the course of our studies on South Indian Agaricales two interesting species belonging to the genus Pholiota (Fr.) Kummer were collected which are being described as new here. The colour terminology used is that of Kornerup and Wanscher (1978). The specimens are deposited in the herbanum of University of Madras Botany Laboratory (Herb. MUBL). Manjula (1983) in her revised list of Indian agarics listed 12 species of the genus Pholiota from India. Natarajan and Raman (1983) have described four species of the genus Pholiota which includes one new species P. truncata from Tamil Nadu. Agretious Thomas and Manimohan (2001) have described another new species 7. bambusina from Kerala. Pholiota sylva Natarajan and C. Ravindran sp. nov. Figs.1-4 Pileus 7-25mm latus, convex ad planus, interdum umbonatus, brunneus, ad marginum brunneolus, siccus, fibrillosus ad squamulosus. Lamellae adnatae, aurantiacus, confertae, latae. Stipe 10-50mm longus, 2-3mm crassus, aurantiacus, aequalis, squamulosus, annuliformis persistens. Spores 5-9 x 3-5 yum, ellipsoideus in fronte, apice cum minuti porus, bene crassitunicata, laevis. Basidia 15-19 x 3.5- 7 pm, clavata, 4-sporigera. Pleuro-chrysocystidia 28-40 x 8-11 jim, clavatus ad clavata mucronatus, apice papillatus. Cheilocystidia pleurocystidiis similia. Trama hymenonboralis regulars, tenuitunicata, hyalina. Cuticula pilei ex hyphis radialbus. Hyphis fibulatis. Holotypus: In Herb. MUBL No.3182; lectum prope, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India. 21" July 1998. Pileus 7-25 mm broad, convex to plane, sometimes umbonate, surface brown (GEG), light brown (6D7) towards the margin, dry, fibrillose to squamulose. Context white. Lamellae adnate, light orange (SA4), close, moderately crowded, 272 broad. Stipe 10-S0-x 2-3 mm, surface squamulose, light orange (SA4), equal, annulus persistent, superior. Spores 5-9 x 3-5 (640.9 x SroOre Tani es" ellipsoid in face view, apex with minute germpore, brown in KOH, thick walled. Basidia 15-19 x 3.5-7 jm, clavate, bearing four sterigmata. Pleurocystidia present as chrysocystidia, 28-40 x 8-1 lpm, clavate to clavate mucronate, apex papillate or drawn into a distinct projection, with refractive contents hyaline in KOH, dextrinoid in Melzer’s reagent, walls thin, smooth. Cheilocystidia similar to pleurocystidia. Hymenophoral trama regular to subparallel, walls thin, hyaline, subhymenium of non-gelatinous, interwoven hyphae, hyaline in KOH. Pileipellis a repent cutis of radially arranged narrow hyphae. Clamp connections present. liv. (-4. Pholiota sylva Natarajan and Ravindran sp_ nov. 1. Habit x |. 2 Masidia, 3. Spores, 4. Pleurocystidia. 273 On wood and leaf litter, in groups. Thai shola reserve forest, Manjoor, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India. 21° July 1998. Coll., C.Ravindran, Herb. MUBL No.3182. Type. Discussion: The characteristic features of Pholiota sylva are the small brown pileus, presence of small brown dotted squamules both in pileus and stipe, light orange stipe, persistant annulus, light orange lamellae, spores with distinct apical germ pore and mucronate chrysocystidia. Presence of scales in both the pileus and stipe and chrysocystidia place this species in the section Pholiota of the subgenus Pholiota (Smith and Hesler, 1968). It comes closer to P. schraderi (Peck) Overholts (Smith and Hesler, 1968) in having scales in the pileus and stipe and chrysocystidia, but the presence of smaller pileus, permanent annulus and absence of two types of cystidia differentiate this species from P. schraderi. Pholiota cystidiata Natarajan and C. Ravindran sp. nov. Figs. 5-12 Pileus 10-55mm latus, convexo expansus, postremo planus, interdum cum umbonatus, aurantiacus ad marginum brunneoaurantiacus, siccus, granulosus, margine cum velo remanens. Caro tenuis, flavidus. Lamellae adnatae, iatae, confertae, cum lamellulis, margine integra. Stipes 20-60mm longus, 1-2mm crassus, aequalis, cylindraceus, cavus, granulosus, sursum pruinosus, deorsum glabratus. Sporae 6-7.5 x 4-5 tm, suboblongus ad ellipsoideus in frontae, laevis, apice cum minuti porus, bene crassitunicatae. Basidia 19-25 x 3.5-5 um, cylindrico clavata, 4- sporigera. Cheilocystidia 17.5-22.5 x 3.5-6.5 rm, cylindrico clavata, hyalina, tenuitunicata. Pleurocystidia 25-50 x 6-12.5 tm, clavata ad ventricosa, flavidus. Trama hymenophoralis regularis. Pileus stratum cum catenatus, inflatus ad subglobosus, cellulas 11.5-30 x 11.5-26 ym. Caulocystidia 34-58 x 5.5-8.5 jm, cylindrico ventricosa, brunneus, tenuitunicata. Hyphae omnes fibulatae. Holotypus: In Herb. MUBL No.3183,; lectum prope, Nilgins, Tamil Nadu, India. 9" December 1998. Pileus 10-S5Smm broad, convex, expanding, later plane, sometimes with umbo. Surface light orange (SA4), brownish orange (SC4) towards margin, dry, granular, margin with velar remnants, context yellowish. Lamellae adnate, broad, moderately crowded, with lamellulac, edge entire. Stipe 20-60 x |-2 mm, equal, cylindncal, hollow, surface granular, apex pruinose, glabrescent towards base. Spores 6-7.5 x 4-5 (640.4 x 440.5) um, Q= 1:5, suboblong to ellipsoid in face view, brown, with germpore at the apex, thick walled. Basidia 19-25 x 3.5-Siim, clavate, bearing four stengmata. Pleurocystidia 25-50 x 6.5-12.5 tum, fusoid to ventncose, yellowish ta brown homogenous contents in KOH, thick walled. Cheilocystidia 17.5-22.5 x 3.5-6.5 pm, cylindric to sub clavate, hyaline, thin walled. ‘Wymenuphoral trama regular. Piicipellis with chains, inflated to subglobose cells 11.5-30 x 11.5 -26 ym, radially disarticulating brown cells with incrustation in Melzer’s reagent. Hyphae of the context interwoven, with Vin. S-12 Pholiota cystidiata Natarajan and Ravindran sp nov. §. Habit x 4, G Spares, 7 Basidia, 8 Pleuracystidia, 9. Cheilocystidia, 10 Caulocystidia. 11 Pilcal surface clements,12 Pueal hyphac. D1 be) incrustation (4-6.5 pm diam.), yellowish to hyaline in Melzer’s or KOH. Caulocystidia 34.5-57.5 x 5.5-8.5 pm, cylindric to ventnicose, brown pigmented in KOH, thick walled. All hyphae with clamp connections On soil, scattered. Naduvattam, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India. 9" December 1998. Coll., C.Ravindran, Herb. MUBL No.3183 (Type). Discussion: The characteristic features of Pholiofa cystidiata arte the light orange pileus, spores with germ pore and the presence of both pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia. Pileus with tnchodermium of nongelatinous hyphae and with cells more or less inflated or often sphaerocyst like, place the present collection in Section Flavidula of the Subgenus Flavidula (Smith and Hesler, 1968). The present collection resembles P. erinaceella (Peck) Peck (Smith and Hesler, 1968) in pileus size, shape, cuticle surface of pileus, but differs in having light orange pileus, spores with germ pore, pleurocystidia and cylindric to clavate cheilocystidia. Acknowledgements: Thanks are due to Director, CAS in Botany, University of Madras for facilities and Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi, for financial assistance. Thanks are also due to Dr. Gaston Guzman for his valuable comments. References: Agretious Thomas, K. and Manimohan, P. 2001. A new species of Pholiota from India. Mycotaxon. 78: 181-184. Komerup, A. and Wanscher, J.H. 1978. Methuen Handbook of colour. 3". ed. Eyre Methuen, London, 252pp. Manjula, B. 1983. A revised list of the agaricoid and boletoid basidiomycetes from India and Nepal. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 92: 81-23. Natarajan, K. and Raman, N. 1983. South Indian Agaricales- A preliminary study on some dark spored species. Bibl. Afycol. 89: 1-203. Smith, A. H. and Hesler, L.R. 1968. he North American species of Pholiota. Hafner Publ.. New York 402 pp. Pi si Bs pei Bi lade me we wall Ri Me vi i ae re 5 Facing : ane ‘ 7 i” t) i, a Ye, yey OM tr pes he i piri ae 2 * yell ae Suh ut chal oe A, mete, iy ne v a Hata ie q } i) hee ba a ee t whet re (nen Mi wii peek vr Me, nt ea th bey Wee "iin ieee ek (ayy 3 ars bas Me bik) : 1 - Vy H iy a ‘ ; Wi ee - mi My i) eat Wc “ 7 © ie a one he Li RN a Ni is fi tAahe WSL AW it Wh i Fj RY faa i tats a Bete vu wee Ps ae ; r| : \ (* 7 4 eR | { “ed GA pov ie vi vy { hh " vf ir ; ‘ yh) , ‘ fe 4 bi ‘ge wh re hit Gara ae airline ot aha ‘i A ih Sats sa Ty ti ij, ines v . ie pie nh iy i Fades i hs He i tithes a: i ee : ney Ae ht hee a Ah WALA - ‘ Mae mie iy eet F pd eri he : , r pe: i bis a \ ame ; ye rw ye WS i Ly Hit i pee ne ‘ ual Pal ! hid er: sane” oe ia We F be i euahh “ips Vii ag Ay F he WA tA ae we oe Ce ae ett Dr Mes er bi ANY ee Wie Gp net ten 0 os ie A rT 1 : Pe ” ein 4) mY ti ee An Pilate sf beh " PAP ee oy i Ay LUM ¢ He oe ea MY COTAXON Volume LXXX, pp. 277-287 January-March 2003 PROTOUSNEA FIBRILLATAE SP. NOV. (PARMELIACEAE, LICHENIZED ASCOMYCOTA) FROM ARGENTINA, SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA S. CALVELO,' E. STOCKER-WORGOTTER, S. LIBERATORE! & J.A. ELIX° ' Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, 8400RN, Argentina scalvelo@crub.uncoma.edu.ar and slibera@crub.uncoma.edu.ar * Institute of Plant Physiology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria/Osterreich * Department of Chemistry, The Faculties, Australian National University, Canberra, A.C.T. 0200, Australia ABSTRACT Protousnea_ fibrillatae from south-western Argentinean Nothofagus forests, is described as new to science. While the apothecia are typical of Protousnea, this new species is characterized by the presence of fibrils, a character previously unknown in the genus. The meta-depsides, subsekikaic and 4'-O-demethylsekikaic acids are reported the first time for Profousnea. 278 RESUMEN Protousnea fibrillatae se describe como nueva especie, en base a material proveniente de bosques de Nothofagus del sudoeste de la Argentina. Mientras que los apotecios son tipicos de Protousnea, esta nueva especie se caracteriza por la presencia de fribrillas, un caracter desconocido previamente en este género. Ademas los meta-depsidos, subsekikaico y 4'-O-demethylsekikaico se mencionan por primera vez para Protousnea. Key Words: Protousnea fibrillatae, subsekikaic acid, 4'-O- demethylsekikaic acid, Patagonia, Nothofagus forest. INTRODUCTION Protousnea Motyka was originally described as a subgenus of Usnea Adans. (Motyka 1936-1938: 1947). Subsequently, Krog (1976) elevated Protousnea to generic level, with P. magellanica (Motyka) Krog the type species. The genus is characterized by its fruticose, generally pendulous thallus, which usually lacks _ papillae, pseudocyphellae, fibrils, spinules or soredia; apothecia without fibrils on the thalline exciple, with brown and glossy disc; and by the presence of depsides as medullary substances with divaricatic acid and related satellite substances being most common. The distribution of Protousnea is restricted to south-western South America and the Islas Malvinas (Krog, 1976). Seven species were considered in Krog’s treatise, all of which have been reported from Argentina (Calvelo & Liberatore, 2002), including: Protousnea alectoroides (Motyka) Krog. P. dusenii (Du Rietz) Krog, P. magellanica (Mont.) Krog, P. malacea (Stirt.) Krog, P. poeppigii (Nees & Flot.) Krog, P. scrobiculata (Sambo) Krog and P. teretiuscula Krog. The genus Profousnea was considered to belong to the family Usneaceae by Hale (1983), but has been included in the Parmeliaceae by other authors (Henssen & Jahns, 1974: Tehler, 1996). During the past 25 years no floristic or taxonomic novelties have been reported for this genus. However, a key to the species was 29 published as part of a key to the Parmeliaceae from the Argentinean Patagonia (Calvelo, 1998). In addition, Protousnea was_ briefly mentioned when evolutionary trends in the Parmeliaceae (Krog, 1982) were considered and several other contributions dealt with aspects of secondary chemistry (Kinoshista et al., 1994a; 1994b). The use of P. magellanica as a bioindicator in both in situ (Bubach et al., 1998: Calvelo et al., 1997) and in thallus transplantation experiments (Calvelo et al., 2002) has also been described. The present contribution is part of a comprehensive revision of the genus Protousnea, based on the personal collections of Calvelo and Liberatore and studies of herbarium material from BAFC, BCRU, MSC, S and UPS. The new species, Protousnea fibrillatae 1s described and the depsides subsekikaic and 4'-O-demethylsekikaic acids are reported the first time for the genus Protousnea. MATERIALS and METHODS The collections for the present study were made in a southern South America Nothofagus pumilio (Poepp. et Endl.) Krasser deciduous forest (41° S, 71° W) and are deposited at BCRU and Calvelo’s personal herbarium (Herb. Calvelo). For comparison purposes, specimens from BAFC, BCRU, MSC, UPS and S have also been studied, including type specimens of all Protousnea species. The morphology and anatomy of specimens were studied under a light microscope (MO) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Photographs were taken under an Olympus SZ4045-TRPT dissecting microscope connected to an Olympus C-3000 digital camera or digitalized from SEM microscope images. Lichen substances were identified by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). HPLC analyses and identification of the depsides Natural compounds were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using both a Hewlett-Packard and a Merck/Hitachi Spectra system, a Phenomenex Hypersil and a Beckman 280 column 5C18 (250 by 4.6 mm) and spectrometric detectors operating at 254 nm with a flow rate of 1 ml/min were used. Retention mdex values (Ry) calculated using benzoic acid and solorinic acid with controls (Elix & Wardlaw 2000; Feige et al. 1993). Two solvent systems were used: 1% aqueous orthophosphoric acid and methanol in the ratio 7:3 (A) and methanol (B). The run started with 100% A and was raised to 58% B within 15 min, then to 100% B within a further 15 min, followed by isocratic elution in 100% B for a further 10 min. Both HPLCs were coupled to a photodiode array detector for ultraviolet spectroscopic comparisons. By this means the ultraviolet spectra observed for the various components eluting in the HPLC chromatogram were recorded and computer-matched against a library of ultraviolet spectra recorded for authentic metabolites under identical conditions. For all depsides the correlation of ultraviolet spectra of the authentic and natural material was greater than 99.9%. The quantitative determination of the respective lichen substances was effected by using the detector responses in the HPLC chromatograms, where the integrated areas under the particular peaks reflect the concentration of the substances present. Names of the herbaria are reported according to Holmgrem and Holmgrem (2001). Authors of plants names are reported as described in Brummitt & Powell (1992). Protousnea fibrillatae Calvelo, Stocker-Worgétter, Liberatore & Elix Holotypus: Argentina, Provincia de Rio Negro, Departamento Bariloche, Cerro Otto, north slope, on Nothofagus pumilio, 1300 m above sea level, 4 Oct. 2001, S.Calvelo & S.Liberatore (BCRU 04340). Isotypus Herbarium Calvelo (1112). Thallus corticolus, pendules, usque ad 50 cm longus, rigidus, non dichotome ramosus, simpodial. Vulgo sat crebre transversim rupti. Fibrils numerosa, terete, intertextus. Isidia et soralia desunt. Apothecia usque ad 2.5 mm diametro, disco castaneo, nitido. Pycnidia numerosa, conidia filiform 9-12 x 1 tm. Sustantiae lichenum: acida 281 Fig. 1 — Protousnea fibrillatae. A — thallus. B — flattened branching points (arrow). C — fibrils; gaps (arrow). D - apothecia: gaps (arrow). 282 usnicum, divaricaticum, subdivaricaticum, sekikaicum, subsekikaicum et 4'-O-demethylsekikaicum adsunt. Thallus corticolous, pendulous, up to 50 cm long, rigid, sympodial (Fig. 1A). Upper surface matt, stramineous. Main branches terete; flattened at branching points (Fig. 1B); up to 2.5 mm diam.; non foveate; without isidia and soredia; homogeneously vertebrate all along their length (Fig. 1C). Vertebrae formed by breaks in the continuity of cortex, algal layer and medulla, exposing the central axis: gaps (Fig. 1D). With numerous terete, twining fibrils, up to 0.5 mm diam., branched, with blackened tips, growing mostly from margins of thallus vertebrae (Fig. 1C; 2D). Cortex smooth (Fig. 2A), 25-50 um; algal layer 40-50 tum; medulla dense 150 - 400 ttm; central axis occupying less than half of the width of the branch, 300 - 700 um (Fig, 2B; 2C). Apothecia on main branches, to 2.5 mm diam., thalline excipule smooth, thin; disc brown, glossy (Fig. 1D). Asci 8-spored; ascospores unicellular, hyaline, ellipsoid, 4 - 5 x 6 - 9 um. Pycnida immersed on thallus, black, spherical, 40 - 60 um diam. Conidia filiform 10 - 16 x 1 Lum. Chemistry: Upper cortex K- (usnic acid). Medulla K-, C- (divaricatic, subdivaricatic, sekikaic, subsekikaic and 4'-O-demethylsekikaic acids) (Fig) 3). Additional specimens examined: Argentina, Provincia de Rio Negro, Departamento Bariloche, Cerro Otto, north slope, on Nothofagus pumilio, 1420 m above sea level, 28 February 2002, S.Liberatore & S. Calvelo. Herbarium Calvelo (2097). REMARKS In the present context fibrils are considered to be short, branch- like appendages, with a central axis that is not attached to the central axis of the branch from which the fibril grows (Clerc, 1998). The main distinguishing feature of Protousnea fibrillatae is the presence of such fibrils. This is the first trme such appendages have been observed in the genus Protousnea, previously having being considered typical of the genus Usnea. Other particular features of the new species are the sympodial branching, the homogeneously : 283 Fig. 2 — Protousnea fibrillatae. A — cortex. B — transverse section. C — a: central axis, c: algal layer, d: cortex. D — fibrils. 284 vertebrate thallus with fibrils arising from the margins of the vertebrae forming a crown-like structure around the gaps. It is also noteworthy that beside the major secondary substance sekikaic acid, additional minor quantities of the related meta-depsides subsekikaic and 4'-O-demethylsekikaic acids were detected by HPLC analyses (Fig. 3) and are reported for the first time for the genus Protousnea. | ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Field surveys, morphological and anatomical studies were conducted at the Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche (Universidad Nacional del Comahue) and were supported by Agencia de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (Project PICT99 13-07114); the chemical analyses were partly conducted at the Institute of Plant Physiology (University of Salzburg) and at the Department of Chemistry (Australian National University). The chemical study was generously supported by a grant, 15328-BIO, of the Austrian Science Foundation (FWF) to E. ST-W. BIBLIOGRAPHY Brummitt, R. & C. Powell. 1992. Authors of Plants Names. Royal Botanical Garden. Kew. Bubach, D., M.A. Arribére; S. Calvelo, S. Ribeiro Guevara & G. Roman Ross. 1998. Characterization of minor and trace element contents of Protousnea magellanica from pristine areas of northern Patagonia. Lichens 2, 1-7. Calvelo, S. 1998. Keys to genera and species of Parmeliaceae s.lat. from Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego and South Atlantic Islands (Argentina), in M.P.Marcelli & M.R.D.Seaward (eds.), Lichenology in Latin America: history, current knowledge and application. pp. 117-128. CETESB. Sao Paulo. Calvelo, S. & S. Liberatore. 2002. Catalogo._de los Liquenes de la Argentina. Kurtziana 29 (2): 7-170. 285 Pive oTBYPSS|AYOUSp-O-, v wu OSE Oo€ Q&SZ $0’0 . OH HO. Uy OW ot’o | 7 HOOD o—oD” ig HO ‘ St’0 oN ulw Zey'es? LY ny pioe oleyryosqns wu ge o9€ Ove Ooze o0€ 08z 09z orz wu «OBE o9€ ove Ooze 0€ 082 09z avz ~~ wes & a 00'0 sn 10 ‘0 $0 é 8 Z0°0 8 i o ’ o'T £0’0 a an OW TIO Ow ‘ S OW HO OW S a : | | s‘T Z a i 8 ig ues O0—09 HOOD O—09 S in MO 2 S22 110 a ° E 900 a ur ui O99'9% LY 6zL'Gz LY oe nv depside components). Protousnea fribrillatae. Chemistry (showing the repective structure and UV spectra of the meta- Fig. 3- 286 Calvelo, S., N. Baccala, M.A. Arnbére, S. Ribeiro Guevara & D. Bubach. 1997. Analytical and statistical analysis of elemental composition of lichens. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 222(1-2), 99-104. Calvelo, S., N. Baccala, D. Bubach, M.A. Arribére & S. Ribeiro Guevara. 2002. Statistical analysis of elemental composition of lichen thalli from pristine areas transplanted within their original habitat and to urban areas (Patagonia, Argentina). Bibliotheca Lichenologica 82: 167-177. Clerc, P. 1998. Species concept in the genus Usnea (Lichenized Ascomycetes). Lichenologist 30: 321-340. Elix, JA. & J.H. Wardlaw. 2000. Lusitanic acid, peristictic acid and verrucigeric acid. Three new f-orcinol depsidones from the lichen Relicina sydneyensis and Xanthoparmelia verrucigera. Australian Journal of Chemistry 53: 815-818. bese, Gibbs Lisle bumbsehiseomeldunecksn) eb ix lOO 3 Lie identification of lichen substances by a standardized high- performance liquid chromatographic method. Journal of Chromatography 646: 417-427. Hale, M. 1983. The Biology of Lichens. 3rd edition. Arnold. London. Henssen, A. and H. Jahns. 1974. Lichenes. Eine Einftirhung in die Flechtenkunde mit einem Beitrag von Johan Santesson. G.T. Verlag. Stuttgart. Holmgren, P. K. & N.H. Holmgren. 2001. Index Herbariorum. Part I: The Herbaria of the World. New York Botanical Garden. http://www.nybg.org/bsci/ih. html. Kinoshista, K., H. Matsubara, K. Koyama, K. Takahashi, I. Yoshimura,” Y.. (Yamamoto, .M..! Higuchi... Y, Mrura:.. Y. Kinoshita & K. Kawai. 1994a. New phenolics from Protousnea species. Journ. Hattori Bot. Lab. 75: 359-364. Kinoshista, K., H. Matsubara, K. Koyama, K. Takahashi, I. Yoshimura, Y. Yamamoto, Y. Miura, Y. Kinoshita & K. Kawat. 1994b. Topics in the chemistry of lichen compounds. Journ. Hattori Bot. Lab. 76: 227-233. Krog, H. 1976. Lethariella and Protousnea, two new lichen genera in the Parmeliaceae. Norw. J. Bot. 23: 83-106. 287 Krog, H. 1982. Evolutionary trends in foliose and fruticose lichens of the Parmeliaceae. In: Proc. Symposia on Lichenology at the XIII International Botanical Congress. Ed. Brodo, I.M., D.L. Hawksworth, A. Henssen & D.H.S. Richardson. Journ. Hattori Bot. Lab. 52: 303-311. Motyka, J. 1936-1938. Lichenum Generis Usnea Studium Monographicum Pars Systematica. 2 vols. Leopoldi. Motyka, J. 1947. Lichenum Generis Usnea Studium Monographicum Pars Generalis. Lublin. Tehler, A. 1996. Systematics, phylogeny and classification, en T. Nash (ed.). Lichen Biology. pp. 217-239. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. wt % at ! . eR a 4 ’) ll “ i ‘t ¥ mie Ps ay Lae rn, Narn eney ee larnn Tan SiAsee ‘tae. 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AN, ¢ iia’ Av ' ; Li) 4 Ty i) aw ! ie kak Pa ai ie Ko edi ¥ AY: ae Poi cue Baie eo ra a : bbe ae Rinmane tials ay aT m ith be A ay le “hee Wa oF i n i )% vr ' io 4 ies . A Cr ee M Bh Wt oar, | } i ai : — Nene im aa re i MYCOTAXON Volume LXXXV, pp. 289-295 January-March 2003 NEW TAXA IN THE LICHEN GENUS PERTUSARIA (LICHENIZED ASCOMYCOTINA) FROM THAILAND SUREEPORN JARIANGPRASERT Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand Email: s_vipoosunti@yahoo.com ALAN W. ARCHER National Herbarium of New South Wales, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia Email: alanw.archer@bigpond.com JOHN A. ELIX Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia Email: John. Elix@anu.edu.au VILAIWAN ANUSARNSUNTHORN Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand Email: scboi012@chiangmai.ac.th ABSTRACT: Pertusaria alboaspera var. deficiens, P. hylocola, P. litchicola and P. subplanaica var. tetraspora from Thailand are reported as new to science. KEY WORDS: Pertusaria alboaspera var. deficiens, P. hylocola, P. litchicola, P. subplanaica var. tetraspora, depside methyl] ester, methyl 2-O-methyldivaricatate INTRODUCTION The first species of Pertusaria to be described from Thailand was P. pustulata (Ach.) Duby (Wolseley et al. 2002). Since the publications of E. Vainio in 1907, 1909 and 1921 (Alava 1988), two new species of this genus have been reported from Thailand, P. nahaeoensis from Nahaeo National Park and P. omkoiensis from Omkoi Sanctuary (Jariangprasert et al. 2002). Additional Thai taxa have now been discovered and are here described as new to science. 290 MATERIALS AND METHODS This report is based on specimens housed in RAMK (Lichen Research Unit, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok), CMU (Chiang Mai University Herbarium) and recent collections made by one of us (SJ) from several national parks in Thailand. The techniques used for thin layer and high performance liquid chromatography follow standard methods (Elix & Ernst-Russell 1993; Feige et al. 1993). THE NEW TAXA Pertusaria alboaspera var. deficiens Jariangprasert & A. W. Archer, var.nov. Fig. | Similis Pertusaria alboaspera var. alboaspera sed acidum sticticum deficiens. Type: THAILAND. Chiang Mai Province, Mae Rim District, The Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, close to a Leguminosae-Papilionoideae plot near the Headquarters, 18°46’N, 98°50’E, 800 m, on bark of Castanopsis costata Miq., K. Boonpragob s.n., 26 Jan. 1994; holotype RU 713 (RAMK). Thallus corticolous, greyish green, smooth, dull, areolate and subtuberculate, isidia and soredia absent. Apothecia verruciform, numerous, conspicuous, crowded, not confluent, constricted at base, concolorous with the thallus, round and flattened-hemispherical, concave to protruding when mature, 0.3-0.6 mm diam. with solitary ostiole, 0.6-1.1 mm diam. with multiple ostioles. Ostioles variable, inconspicuous, pale yellowish and slightly raised or conspicuous, black and slightly depressed, rarely fused, 0.05-0.10 mm diam., 1- 4(-5) per verruca. Ascospores 8 per ascus, basally irregularly biseriate to biseriate, ellipsoid to subfusiform, (48-) 64-78 (-92) um long, 28-38 uum wide, smooth; outer spore wall 4-8 um thick. Chemistry: K+pale yellow, KC-, C-, Pd-, UV+yellow; lichexanthone (major), 2,2'-di-O- methylstenosporic acid (major), 2'-O- methylstenosporic acid (minor). Distribution and ecology: Pertusaria alboaspera var. deficiens is an endemic corticolous variety from The Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden in dipterocarpous forest at an elevation of 800 m. Remarks: Pertusaria alboaspera var. deficiens is characterised by verruciform apothecia, asci with 8 biseriate ascospores and the presence of lichexanthone, 2,2'-di-O- methylstenosporic acid and 2'-O-methylstenosporic acid. It resembles P. alboaspera A. W. Archer & Elix var. alboaspera (Archer & Elix 1993) from eastern Australia but that variety has inconspicuous, pale, translucent ostioles in contrast to the ostioles in P. alboaspera var. deficiens which become black when mature. In addition P. alboaspera var. deficiens lacks stictic and constictic acids (present in var. alboaspera) and also contains 2'-O-methylstenosporic acid, absent from var. alboaspera. The absence of stictic acid in the new variety distinguishes it from the chemically and morphologically similar P. verruculifera Vain. from Brazil (Vainio 1890), and P. congesta Vain. [syn.: P. glaucocinera Vain.] from Angola (Vainio 1901). 20% Figures 1-4. New taxa of Pertusaria. 1. P. alboaspera var. deficiens (holotype in RAMK); 2. P. hylocola (holotype in RAMK),; 3. P. litchicola (D. Allen, CMU 166); 4. P. subplanaica var. tetraspora (holotype in RAMK). Scale bar = 1.0 mm 292 Additional specimens examined: THAILAND. Type locality, on bark of Castanopsis costata Miq., K. Boonpragob s.n., 26.1.1994, RU 711 (RAMK); idid., on trunk of Peltophorum pterocarpum Back., K. Boonpragob s.n., 26.i1.1994, RU 130 (RAMK). Pertusaria hylocola Jariangprasert & A. W. Archer, sp. nov. Fig. 2 Similis Pertusaria injuneana sed acidum hyperlatolicum et sticticum continens. Type: THAILAND. Nan Province, Bo Kluea District, Bo Kluea Nhuea Community, right wayside before the fourteenth kilometre stone from Bo Kluea Nhuea to Bo Kleua District, 1000 m, on fallen log, S. Jariangprasert 1612, 9 June 2001; holotype: RAMK. Thallus corticolous, yellowish, continuous, surface smooth and slightly shiny, isidia and soredia absent. Apothecia verruciform, conspicuous, scattered, not confluent, hemispherical, 0.3-0.85 mm diam. Ostioles conspicuous, translucent, yellowish to grey, slightly raised, surrounded with yellowish translucent tissue, | per verruca. Ascospores (3-) 6 (-8) per ascus, uniseriate to irregularly uniseriate (basally biseriate), occasionally biseriate, ellipsoid, 64-89 um long, 28-42 um wide, smooth; outer ascospore wall 6-10 uum thick. Chemistry: K+ yellow, KC+ yellow-orange, C+ yellow-orange, Pd+ orange, UV+ bright orange; stictic acid (major), constictic acid (major), perlatolic acid (minor), hyperlatolic acid (minor), thiophaninic acid (minor), cryptostictic acid (trace), peristictic acid (trace), methyl stictic acid (trace), methyl pseudolusitanate (trace), 2-chloro-6-O- methylnorlichexanthone (trace). Distribution and ecology: Pertusaria hylocola is a rare, endemic, corticolous species known only from the type specimen. Remarks: Pertusaria hylocola is characterised by verruciform apothecia, asci with (3-) 6 (-8) ascospores and the presence of thiophaninic, stictic, perlatolic and hyperlatolic acids. The combination of thiophaninic and stictic acids is common in the genus Pertusaria, but the combination of thiophaninic and stictic acids with an orcinol depside is rare and has only been reported from P. paradoxica A. W. Archer & Elix (Archer 1997). Pertusaria hylocola resembles P. injuneana A.W. Archer & Elix; both species have asci with eight ascospores and contain thiophaninic and perlatolic acids but P. hylocola differs in containing additional stictic and hyperlatolic acids. The epithet Aylocola is from the Greek hylo (wood) and the Latin suffix cola (dweller) a reference to the substrate of the holotype. Pertusaria litchicola Jariangprasert & A. W. Archer, sp. nov. Fig. 3 Similis Pertusaria velloziae sed ascosporis parietibus interius undulatis et materia chemica aliter. Type: THAILAND. Chiang Mai Province, Mhoo 4 Ban Chang Kian, Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, 18°50’N, 98°50’E, 1340 m, in woodpile of hill tribe, on bark of Litchi chinensis Sonn., S. Jariangprasert 1662, 16 June 2001; holotype: RAMK. 293 Thallus corticolous, yellowish ivory to greyish green, surface smooth and dull, slightly rugose, isidia and soredia absent. Apothecia conspicuous, verruciform, scattered, rarely confluent, concolorous with the thallus, constricted at the base, round to oblong, sometimes flattened, surface margin of apothecia granulose, 0.3-0.95 mm diam. Ostioles inconspicuous, translucent, yellowish to grey, sometimes becoming mammiform, 1-2 per verruca. Ascospores 2 rarely 3 per ascus, arranged longitudinally, ellipsoid to cylindrical, 86-150 um long, 26-44 um wide, rough; outer ascospore wall 5-12 um thick. Chemistry: K- or K+ pale yellow, KC-, C-, Pd-, UV+ orange-red; methyl 2-O- methyldivaricatate (major), 2-O-methyldivaricatic acid (major to minor), 4,5- dichlorolichexanthone (minor to trace). Distribution and ecology: Pertusaria litchicola is a corticolous species, found in the north and north-east of Thailand, in evergreen hill forest and mixed Fagaceae/deciduous forest, and also in a lychee orchard, at elevations of 870 to 1340 m. Remarks: Pertusaria litchicola is distinguished from other Pertusaria species with two rough ascospores by its chemistry, in particular the presence of methyl 2-O- methyldivaricatate as a major compound. Esters of orcinol depsides are rare in the genus Pertusaria, although the B-orcinol depside atranorin is found in many lichen genera and occurs sporadically in Pertusaria. Methyl 2-O-methyldivaricatate occurs as a trace compound in P. orarensis A. W. Archer & Elix (Archer 1997), but the occurrence of an orcinol depside methyl ester as a major lichen compound has not been previously reported. Pertusaria litchicola resembles P. velloziae (Vain.) Erichs., but the spore walls in P. litchicola are rough in contrast to the smooth spore walls in P. velloziae. Both species contain divaricatic acid derivatives: 2'-O-methyldivaricatic acid in P. velloziae and the methyl ester of the isomeric 2-O-methyldivaricatic acid in P. litchicola. The epithet litchicola is derived from the Latin Jitchi (lychee) and cola (dweller) in reference to the substrate of the holotype. Additional specimens examined: THAILAND. Loei Province, Nahaeo District, Nahaeo National Park, 1 km along the way to observation post unit 1, alt. 870 m, on bark of Schima wallichii Korth in evergreen hill forest, N. Homchantara s. n., 13.vii.1995, RU 5528 (RAMK); Chiang Mai Province, Chiang Dao District, | km SE of Kun Maengai RFD camp (Khun Mae Gog Unit), Grid MS 8256, 1100 m, in mixed Fagaceae/deciduous forest, D. Allen, 22.x.1995 (CMU 166). Pertusaria subplanaica var. tetraspora Jariangprasert & A.W. Archer, var.nov. Fig. 4 Similis Pertusaria subplanaica sed ascis tetrasporis differt. Type: THAILAND. Chiang Mai Province, San Sai District, Ban Pa Phai Community, Banpong Forest, 18°53’N, 98°59’E, 300 m, on bark of Dipterocarpus obtusifolius Teijsm ex Mq. in Dipterocarpus forest with sandstone, S. Jariangprasert 866, 17 July 2000; holotype: RAMK. 294 Thallus corticolous, greyish ivory, surface rugose and irregularly tuberculate, isidia and soredia absent. Apothecia verruciform, conspicuous, scattered, rarely confluent, concolorous with thallus, flattened-hemispherical or irregular, mostly constricted at the base, 0.7-1.0(-1.5) mm diam. Ostioles inconspicuous, translucent and stellate- punctiform when young, conspicuous and grey when old, some fused in the centre, flat or slightly depressed, 1-5 per verruca, 0.06-0.12 mm diam. Ascospores 2-3(-4) per ascus, uniseriate, slightly overlapping, ellipsoid to subfusiform, 84-142 um long, 36- 54 um wide, smooth, laminated; outer ascospore wall 8-16 wm thick. — Chemistry: K+ yellow, KC-, C-, Pd-, UV+ orange; 2,2'-di-O-methylstenosporic acid (major), 2'-O-methylstenosporic acid (minor), planaic acid (minor), 4,5- dichlorolichexanthone (minor). Distribution and ecology: Pertusaria subplanaica var. tetraspora is a rare, endemic, corticolous lichen known only from the type specimen from Banpong forest. Remarks: The morphology and chemistry of Pertusaria subplanaica var. tetraspora is virtually identical to that of P. suwbplanaica A. W. Archer & Elix var. subplanaica (Archer & Elix 1992) but the two varieties differ in the number of ascospores per ascus: 8 in var. subplanaica and 2-4 in var. tetraspora. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors are grateful to the RAMK and CMU herbaria for the loan of specimens. SJ is grateful to the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program, Thailand Research Fund for generous financial support, to the Royal Forestry Department for permission to collect specimens, to the Department of Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Maejo University for the use of laboratories and equipment and to Mr Weerapan Weerayanone, map library, Department of Geography Chiang Mai University, for the use of regional maps of Thailand. LITERATURE CITED Alava R. (1988). Edward August Vainio’s Types in TUR-V and other Herbaria. Publications from the Herbarium University of Turku. No. 2. Turku, Finland. 343-352. Archer, A. W. (1991). Synonymy and chemotaxonomy of Australian Pertusaria species (lichens) based on Australian type specimens. Telopea 4: 165-184. Archer, A.W. (1997). The lichen genus Pertusaria in Australia. Biblioth. Lichenol. 69: 1-249. Archer, A. W. & Elix, J. A. (1992). Further new species and new reports of Pertusaria (lichenised Ascomycotina) from Australia. Mycotaxon 45: 417-431. Archer, A. W. & Elix, J. A. (1993). Additional new taxa and a new report of Pertusaria (lichenised Ascomycotina) from Australia. Mycotaxon 49: 143-150. Elix, J.A. & Ernst-Russell, K.D. (1993). A Catalogue of Standardised Thin Layer Chromatographic Data and Biosynthetic Relationships for Lichen Substances, 2" Edition, Australian National University, Canberra. Feige, G.B., Lumbsch, H.T., & Elix, J.A. (1993). The identification of lichen substances by a standardised high-performance liquid chromatographic method. J. Chromatogr. 646: 417-427. Jariangprasert, S., Archer, A. W., Elix, J. A. & Anusarnsunthorn, V. (2002). Two new species in the lichen genus Pertusaria (Ascomycotina) from Thailand. Mycotaxon 83: 253-256. 205 Vainio, E.A. (1890). Etude sur la classification naturelle et la morphologie des lichens du Brésil. Acta Soc. Fauna. 7(1): 1-247. Vainio, E.A. (1901). Lichenes, in Catalogue of African Plants collected by F. Welwitsch in 1853-18561. 2(2): 396-463, British Museum (Natural History), London. Vainio, E.A. (1907). Lichenes novi rarioresque. Ser. IV. Hedwigia 46: 168-181. Vainio, E.A. (1909). Flora of Koh Chang, Part IX, Lichenes. Bot. Tidsskrift 29: 336-383. Vainio, E.A. (1921). Lichenes Siamenses. Ann. Bot. Soc. Zool.-Bot. Fenn. “Vanamo” 1(3): 33-55. Wolseley, P.A., Aguirre-Hudson, B. & McCarthy, P.M. (2002). Catalogue of the lichens of Thailand. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Lond. (Bot.) 32:13-59. wii pe mink hy, i am i Nan Han a ‘ iM Abvwnct thndsoat Neat Powe) ‘hohe ie Atala: Ney x 4 Gul ii pi, i * vt i fe (yin l= , , uno an 4 d )) bi i ava shy b iu y i> ty . iv 7, py yi) ay ye ’ Phy AY , holae ' f ee oe j *; ; uD (ts Kk gipaeary care) > Mra i i rh ay iy Te ¥ ye all ihe BAT ad } y Act Whe Pott wy a v ' im oo) BO” SS ee NL Ree Meer bs aay eee f nD eee ve hE py it Hi Vag ity ay Na wv vi ni v4 eg te tk : Ve ge (alii y - mt Ne (2 tg, ; PUNE rr Gat Vee a wee, rie i Line a Wet iy ye : i j ava ec Fre, i ih ; r WG he ae) , y oyna a ear yet ' ¢ | He ) Wye: | Nice Ke ae fk i! : : i \ ; z F R iY y Rivas baad teavneat hla ‘or AEN | a pats i ei Agron eh sh i . al a agit me ae ek ae 4 ft rr) | t iP Me 6 eH i Nie hie 4) mi idk ste vine i . i fi pera ie is” or ‘| ae V5 i ee (ip ha 7 7) ; ( adie * pi a 4 Mee | 4 j ay Py re ue di, ‘ Aa Ge Ry al ; : ee A yi) , ite 7m Ny Nei ni ee her ama me LT cbs to We { us Heer, : Shy = Oak ; . iva | ' i ub ; Pe ie A Or ae nt \ | t es i ha) , We. hee Wer ae a ~ | iA} ey Beh PY : ; i) alee aes a iN wy rin auth aN a bal oe He yee we | 4 ‘a de ore a ym) jf ; che ay tan ite at ue f ‘ wy a Fy f bi ny i mies id ran! OM, eh a hs Wy enn eS ie y rad aa oy PI on " Ree ait ah ie "1 ee Ae Raa S ‘a ‘ eo ie +h tet i aay agi P inaibindal a ; byt hs Nita: ii oa a): ba mh.) Not fo Baie a baer ; RAL a if bea dy a hsv, ‘wy, is 7 mil Wad ir ieee tad i ay MS Pda ‘i Tae A ae i sl ha Hi ce ' i pws ey i ma ' op i Fatal re, fit We H ws ft ‘awit 7 Wh i false it d iw ie se a ij hiat {ai iit } i Ae (a ; tith j pl ne aie We ha % jae . : Hi is ’ a oN fi r rf Af 1 Lob wa) iia x) vi rere it a may ry ih ~ 6 if ile ® os MYCOTAXON Volume LXXX, pp. 297-305 January-March 2003 A NEW SPECIES AND NEW RECORDS OF GYMNOPILUS FROM INDIA K. AGRETIOUS THOMAS Department of Botany, University of Calicut Kerala, 673 635, India LAURA GUZMAN-DAVALOS Departamento de Botanica y Zoologia, Universidad de Guadalajara Apdo. Postal 1-139, Zapopan, Jal., 45101, Mexico Iguzman@cucba.udg.mx P. MANIMOHAN Department of Botany, University of Calicut Kerala, 673 635, India pmanimohan@eth.net ABSTRACT A new terrestrial species of Gymnopilus, G. terricola, is proposed. G. bryophilus, previously known only from Jamaica, is recorded for first time from India, and G. dilepis is recorded from a new locality. Key words: Basidiomycota, Agaricales, Cortinariaceae, Gymnopilus bryophilus, G. dilepis, G. terricola sp. nov. ‘ INTRODUCTION The genus Gymnopilus has been studied in India by Natarajan & Raman (1983); they considered eight species. Other authors who have recorded species of this genus from India are Saccardo (1887) (as Flammula), Natarajan (1977), Dhancholia et al. (1991) and Abraham (1994). In this paper, G. terricola, a new species; G. bryophilus, a new record for the country; and G. dilepis, a new record for tropical India, are described and illustrated. Microscopical observations were made from material mounted in 3% KOH, Melzer’s reagent and cresyl blue. Spore shape was determined based on Q (length-width ratio) of 20 basidiospores. Spore measurements include ornamentation but not the apiculus. For macrochemichal reaction KOH 5% was used. The color codes used in the description of species are from Kornerup & Wanscher (1978). The herbarium name abbreviations follow Holmgren et al. (1990). 298 TAXONOMY Key to the species 1. Stipe eccentric in adult specimens ... ... 22. 2... 22... ... ... ... Gymnopilus bryophilus Leo o.Stipeicentral tars etree eat serenece! oan mee tute Dots ath Mee raat eae: ONNe a a ee 2. Basidioma terrestrial; pileus less than 20 mm broad ... ... ... ...Gymnopilus terricola 2. Basidioma lignicolous; pileus more than 20 mm broad ... ... ... ... ... ... ... G. dilepis Gymnopilus bryophilus Murmill, Mycologia 5: 22 — 23, 1913. Fig. 1-5 Pileus 15-55 mm diam., convex to plano-convex; surface orange (SA7-6A7), fading to light orange (5A6), velutinous or finely floccose especially in the disk when young, then appressed-fibrillose or punctate-squamulose, dry; margin incurved to decurved, entire to lobate. Context up to 5 mm thick at the centre, white with a yellow tint. Lamellae adnate to sinuate, light orange to orange (SA6, 5A7), crowded to subcrowded, ventricose, up to 5 mm wide, with lamellulae of different lengths; edge concolorous with the sides, eroded. Stipe 15-35 x 3-8 mm, central becoming eccentric with age, in some specimens almost lateral, terete, equal or tapering basally, solid; surface whitish to light orange (5A4, 5A5), not staining when bruised, fibnillose; base with scarce whitish mycelium. Veil arachnoid, evanescent. Odour not distinctive. Spore- print orange (5A7). Pileus and stipe surfaces darken to reddish-black with aqueous KOH on dry basidiomata. Basidiospores 5.2 — 7.2 (— 7.6) x 4 — 4.8 © 5.2) um, Q = 1.18-1.55 © 1.66), broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, occasionally subamygdaliform, with obtuse or subacute apex, subthick- walled, with fine verrucose omamentation, without plage, without a germ-pore, yellowish-brown or orange-brown, dextrinoid, not metachromatic. Basidia 21.5 — 30.4 x 5 — 6.4 um, cylindnic- clavate to clavate, with or without central constriction, sometimes with yellowish-brown content, 4-spored; sterigmata up to 6.4 um long. Pseudocystidia 16.5-31.2 x 5.5-10 um, utriform, clavate with subacute or widely mucronate apex, thin-walled, with yellowish or orange-brown content, numerous, originating from hymenophoral trama! hyphae below the subhymenium or at the same level as the basidia. Lamella-edge sterile with crowded cheilocystidia. Cheilocystidia 15-37.5 x 3.5-7.6 pm, apex 3.2-4.8 um wide, tibuform, narrowly utnform or almost lecythiform, thin-walled, hyaline or with yellowish or yellowish-brown content. Hymenophoral trama subregular; hyphae 2-24 um wide, thin- to subthick-walled, yellowish to light yellowish brown. Subhymenium ramose. Pileal trama radial; hyphae 2—22.5 um wide, thin- to subthick- walled, hyaline to pale yellow. Pileipellis a cutis, occasionally disrupted by small ascending hyphal clusters; hyphae 2—12.8 j1m wide, thin to subthick-walled, encrusted in bands with a yellow or orange-brown pigment. Stipe trama parallel; hyphae 2—21.5 um wide, thin- to slightly thick-walled, yellow. Stipitipellis a cutis; hyphae 1.5—7.5 tum wide, thin-walled, encrusted with a yellow pigment. Caulocystidia 19.2-82.4 x 2.8-7.2 tm, apex 4-6.8 tum wide, cylindric, cylindric-flexuose, or cylindric-ventricose, with obtuse, subcapitate, capitate or rostrate apex, hyaline, with yellow content, thin- to subthick-walled, in tufts at the stipe apex, less differentiated but present at the middle and base of stipe. Clamp-connexions present in all parts of the basidioma. A yellowish pigment dissolves when lamellae are mounted in KOH. On a decaying, wood, gregarious, October. Specimens examined: India, Kerala State, Wayanad District, Ponkuzhy: 1 October 1997, A. Thomas T177 (BUG); 3 October 1997, A. Thomas T177b (IBUG). Additional material examined: Jamaica, Port Antonio, on decayed mossy log, November 24, 1902, F. S. Earle 613 (NY, Type). 280 Figs. 1-5. Gymnopilus bryophilus, \: basidiomata, 2: basidiospores, 3: basidia, 4: cheilocystidia, 5: pseudocystidia. Scale bar = 10 mm for basidiomata and 10 pm for microstructures. 300 The Indian collections agree well with the species described by Murrill (1913) from Jamaica (Guzman-Davalos, unpublished data). G. bryophilus is characterized by its eccentric, almost lateral stipe, fibrillose pileus and small basidiospores covered with small warts (Hesler, 1969; Horak, 1989). Previously it was only know from Jamaica, but it is very probable that it is widely distributed in the tropics but confused with other species, mainly because the eccentric stipe is not taken into consideration. Gymnopilus dilepis (Berk. & Broome) Singer, Lilloa 22: 560, 1951. Fig. 6-10 Pileus 10 — 40 mm diam., convex to plano-convex, at times slightly umbonate; surface light orange (5A5, 6A5) towards centre, pale orange (5A3) or light orange (5A4, 6A4) towards margin, tomentose when young, then squamulose; squamules purplish to blackish- brown, erect and comparatively denser at the centre, sparse and appressed in the middle, sparse or almost absent towards margin; margin decurved to plane, almost entire. Context concolorous with the pileus surface. Lamellae adnate, sometimes somewhat subdecurrent, light orange (5A5, 6A5) or orange (5A6), subdistant to close, ventricose, up to 6 mm wide, with lamellulae of 3 — 4 lengths; edge almost concolorous with the sides, entire to somewhat wavy. Stipe 20 - 40 x 2-6 mm, central, terete, almost equal or slightly tapering basally, hollow; surface pale or light orange (SA3 or 5A4), becoming brown or dark brown (6F6) towards base, sometimes with indistinct longitudinal striations. Veil not observed. Odour not distinctive. Pileus and stipe surface darken to orange-brown or purple Gin the scales) with aqueous KOH on dry basidiomata. Spore-pnint light brown (6D8). Basidiospores 6.4 — 8 (— 9.2) x 4.8 — 5.6 um, Q = (1.21 -) 1.31 - 1.54 © 1.64), ellipsoid, some broadly ellipsoid or ovoid, yellowish-brown, subthick-walled, verrucose, without plage, without germ-pore, orange-brown, dextrinoid, not metachromatic. Basidia 20.5—30.4 x 6— 8.8 jum, clavate to cylindnc-clavate, with or without central constriction, hyaline or with yellowish-brown content, 4-spored; sterigmata up to 5.6 tum long. Basidioles 20 — 28.8 x 6.4 — 8.8 jm, clavate, thin-walled, with granulose to homogeneous brown contents, scattered on lamella-edge and sides. Pleurocystidia absent or extremely rare, sublageniform, with subcapitate or capitate apex. Pseudocystidia 23.2 — 29.6 x 7.2 — 8.4 uum, clavate-rostrate or subfusiform, thin-walled, with granulose to homogeneous brown contents, present only in one material. Lamella-edge sterile with crowded cheilocystidia. Cheilocystidia 12.8 — 23.2(— 31.5) x 4.5 - 10.4 am, apex 2.8 — 6 ppm wide, utriform, clavate with a wide rostrum to lagemiform with a short neck and a non-capitate or subcapitate apex, thin-walled, hyaline or yellowish. Hymenophoral trama subregular, hyphae 2 — 22.5 ym wide, thin- to subthick-walled, pale yellow to hyaline, sometimes with yellowish-brown content. Subhymenium inflated-ramose. Pileal trama radial; hyphae 2 — 20 pm wide, thin- to subthick-walled, yellowish. Pileipellis a cutis, at times disrupted by ascending hyphal bundles; hyphae 2 — 15 tum wide, thin-walled, encrusted with yellow to yellowish-brown pigment. Stipe trama composed of hyphae 2 — 29 um wide, parallel, thin- to subthick-walled, yellowish. Stipitipellis a cutis; hyphae 2 — 11.5 tum wide, thin- to subthick-walled with yellow to brown wall pigment. Caulocystidia 18.4 — 68 (to very long) x 5.6 — 14.4 um, cylindric, clavate, narrowly utriform, with obtuse or subcapitate apex, hyaline, some with granulose, yellow or orange-brown content, thin-walled, in tufts at the stipe apex, less differentiated but present at the middle and base of stipe. Clamp-connexions present on all hyphae. In one material (Thomas 113), a yellowish pigment dissolves when lamellae are mounted in KOH. On dead coconut trunk, scattered, June. Specimens examined: India, Kerala State, Malappuram District, Calicut University Campus, 12 June 1996, A. Thomas T13 (BUG); 14 June 1996, A. Thomas T13b (IBUG). 301 Figs. 6-10. Gymnopilus dilepis, 6: basidiomata, 7: basidiospores, 8: basidia, 9: cheilocystidia, 10: basidioles. Scale bar = 10 mm for basidioma and 10 jum for microstructures. 302 Additional materials examined: Sri Lanka, Central Prov., Kandy Distr., Peradeniya, on dead wood, January 1859, Thwaites 878 (K 75157, Type of G. dilepis). USA, Florida, Natural Bridge, on gum log, July 31, 1954, T. H. Campbell 21453 (TENN, Type of G. lepidotus). Gymnopilus lepidotus Hesler described from Florida (Hesler, 1969) is very simular, and it could be a later synonym of G. dilepis. Both species have subfusoid basidioles or cystidia with coloured contents that could be interpreted as pseudocystidia, because usually they are born under the subhymenium and have oily contents. The pseudocystidia can be very abundant or completely absent, depending on the specimen observed. Examination of the type materials of the two species (Guzman-Davalos, unpublished data), reveals that the chetlocystidia tend to be more lageniform and with a longer neck in G. /epidotus. The geographical distributions of the two species are also different, neotropical in G. lepidotus, and paleotropical in G. dilepis. Another difference observed in the Indian materials, is the reaction of the dry pileus with aqueous KOH, being orange-brown, instead of the dark blood-red color seen in G. lepidotus. This reaction could not be observed in the type of G. dilepis, and hence we do not know if the reaction observed in the Indian materials 1s typical of the species. Gymnopilus dilepis has already been recorded from Kashmir, India by Abraham (1994), on a decayed coniferous stump. It is also known from Sn Lanka, Java, Malaysia, Papua New Guinee and Sumatra (Pegler, 1986; Treu, 1998). Gymnopilus terricola K. A. Thomas, Guzm.-Dav. & Manim., sp. nov. Fig. 11 — 15 Etymology: ferricola (Latin), dwelling on the ground. Basidiocarpus terricolus. Pileus 6-18 mm latus, hemisphaericus vel convexus, ad discum pallide brunneus vel rubro-brunneus, ad marginem pallide aurantiacus vel griseo-aurantiacus, SiCCUS, primo tomentosus, postea squamulosus. Lamellae sinuatae vel adnexae, primo pallide aurantiacae, postea aurantiacae vel brunneo-aurantiacae, subdistantes, usque 5 mm latae, lamellulis intermixtae. Stipes 10-25 x 1-2.5 mm, centralis, cylindricus, cavus, ad apicem pallide aurantiacus, ad basim griseo-aurantiacus vel cyano-griseus, raro zonam annuliformem formentus. Odor nullus. Sporae 6.5-8.4 x (4.5-) 5.2-6 ym, late ellipsoideae, ellipsoideae vel subamyedaliformiae, verrucosae, aurantiaco-brunneae, dextrinoideae. Basidia 20.8-31.2 x 6.4- 8.4 ym, 4-sporigera. Cheilocystidia 18.4-29 x 4.9-7.5 yum, fusoidea, utriformia vel lageniformia. Pleurocystidia nulla. Epicutis pilei disrupta, ex hyphis 3-16 pm latis composita. Caulocystidia 17.2-48.4 x 3.6-10.8 pam, versiformia. Hyphae omnes fibulatae. Holotypus: India, Kerala State, Malappuram District, Calicut University Campus, 10 June 1998, K. A. Thomas T261 (IBUG). Pileus 6 — 18 mm diam., hemispherical to convex; surface light brown (6D7, 7D6) or reddish-brown (8D6, 8E6) at the disc, light orange (5A4) or greyish-orange (5B4, 6B4) towards margin, dry, tomentose when young, then fibrils joining to form erect to suberect squamules, especially in the disk; fibrils reddish-brown to purplish; margin decurved, entire, sometimes fissile, occasionally appendiculate. Context pale orange (5A3), less than 1 mm at the disc. Lamellae sinuate to adnexed, light orange (SA4, 6A4) when young, becoming orange (6B7, 6B8) or brownish-orange (6C7) when mature, subdistant, ventricose, up to 5 mm wide, with lamellulae of 2-3 lengths; edge concolorous with the sides, entire to slightly wavy, lamellae exceeding pileus margin. Stipe 10-25 x 1-2.5 mm, central, terete, almost equal, hollow; surface pale orange (5A3) towards apex, greyish-orange (5B3, 5B4) or faintly bluish-grey towards base, fibrillose apically. Veil fibrillose, evanescent, in some cases forming a superior annular zone 303 Figs. 11-15. Gymnopilus terricola, 11: basidiomata, 12: basidiospores, 13: basidia, 14: cheilocystidia, 15: basidioles. Scale bar = 10 mm for basidiomata and 10 jum for microstructures. 304 with flaps or fibrils. Odour none. Pileus surface darkens to reddish-black with aqueous KOH on dry basidiomata. Spore-print brownish-orange (6C7) to brown (6D7). Basidiospores 6.5 — 8.4 x (4.5 —) 5.2 — 6 um, Q = (1.21 -) 1.27 — 1.38€ 1.5), broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, occasionally subamygdaliform, with obtuse or subacute apex, subthick- walled, verrucose, without plage or with a very poorly developed one, without germ-pore, orange-brown, dextrinoid, not metachromatic. Basidia 20.8 — 31.2 x 6.4 — 8.4 um, clavate to cylindric-clavate, sometimes with a median constriction, hyaline, with or without orange-brown contents, 4-spored; sterigmata up to 4.5 um long. Basidioles 12.5 — 30.4 x 5.5 — 9 um, clavate to narrowly clavate, hyaline, or with yellowish-brown or orange-brown granulose content, scattered on the edge and sides of lamellae. Lamella-edge heteromorphous with scattered or occasionally crowded cheilocystidia. Pleurocystidia absent. Cheilocystidia 18. 4 — 29 x 4.4 — 7.5 um, apex 3.2 - 4 um wide, fusoid, narrowly utriform, cylindric-subventricose to lageniform, with obtuse or subcapitate apex, thin-walled, hyaline or with yellowish content. Hymenophoral trama subregular; hyphae 2 — 16.5 pum wide, thin-walled, with yellow to orange-yellow content. Subhymenium ramose. Pileal trama radial; hyphae similar to those of hymenophoral trama. Pileipellis a disrupted cutis; hyphae 3 - 16 jum wide, with a thin, orange-brown wall, encrusted in bands with an orange-brown pigment, often aggregating into erect fascicles with clavate, clavate-mucronate, or fusoid end-cells. Stipe trama composed of 1.5 — 16.5 um wide hyphae, thin-walled, with a light yellow pigment. Stipitipellis a cutis, hyphae 2.5-13 tm wide, thin- walled, light yellowish brown, at times faintly encrusted. Caulocystidia 17.2 — 48.4 x 3.6 — 10.8 um, apex 2.8 — 8.4 um wide, cylindric, clavate or lageniform, with obtuse, subcapitate or rostrate apex, hyaline, with or without yellow or orange-brown granulose content, thin-walled, in tufts at the apex and middle of the stipe. Clamp-connexions present in all parts of the basidioma. A yellowish pigment dissolves when lamellae are mounted in KOH. On the ground, scattered, not attached to any decaying ligno-cellulosic material, May-June. Specimens examined: India, Kerala State, Malappuram District, Calicut University Campus: 10 June 1998, A. Thomas T261 (BUG, Holotype); 11 June 1998, A. Thomas T261b (BUG); 12 June 1998, A. Thomas T261c¢ (IBUG); 12 May 1999, A. Thomas T261d (BUG); 16 May 1999, A. Thomas T26le (BUG). This species is very similar to the Sn Lankan species, Gymnopilus crocias (Berkeley & Broome) Singer but the Sn Lankan species is lignicolous whereas the Kerala collections were always growing on soil. The spore morphology is also different (Pegler, 1986). There are several terrestrial species of Gymnopilus but none of them agrees fully with the Kerala collections. In G. terrestris Hesler, the pileus is glabrous, both pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia are absent and there 1s no yellow pigment in the lamellae when mounted in KOH. Gymnopilus abramsii Murrill has bigger basidiomata with grey-brown pileus, white context and interwoven pileal trama. In G. arenicola Hesler, the pileus is not squamulose, and the basidiospores are subfusoid to pip-shaped. In G. rufobrunneus Hesler, the pileus is glabrous and hygrophanous, the basidiospores are bigger, and both pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia are absent. In G. humicola P. R. Harding ex Singer, the basidiomata are bigger, with aromatic odour and different type of ornamentation on the pileus. Gymnopilus fulgens (Favre & Maire) Singer that grows on peaty or burt soil has glabrous pileus and the basidiospores are bigger with very prominent warts. Gymnopilus angustifolius Hesler has fragrant odour, narrow lamellae and pileocystidia in mounds. Gymnopilus decipiens (W. G. Smith) Orton occurs on burnt soil and has lageniform- capitate to lecythitorm cystidia. Gymnopilus odini (Fr.) Kihner & Romagnesi has glabrous to fibrillose cap and occurs either on peaty humus soil or on burnt soil (Kthner & Romagnesi, 1953; Singer, 1961; Orton, 1960, 1993; Moser, 1983, Heiland, 1990). 305 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research was partially supported by Idea Wild and University of Guadalajara. Bidl. Maria de Jestis Herrera Fonseca is thanked for her help with the micromorphological observations. Dr. Klaus Heiland 1s gratefully thanked for serving as pre-submission reviewer. LITERATURE CITED Abraham, S. P., 1994. Larger fungi from Kashmur, India, VII. A detailed check-list. Micol. Neotrop. Apl. 7: 35 — 42. Dhancholia, S., J. C. Bhatt & S$. K. Pant, 1991. Studies on some Himalayan agarics. Acta Botanica Indica 19: 104 — 109. Hesler, L. R., 1969. North American species of Gymnopilus. Mycological Memoirs 3. Hafner, New York, USA, 117 pp. Hoiland, K., 1990. The genus Gymnopilus in Norway. Mycotaxon 39: 257 — 279. Holmgren, P. K., N. H. Holmeren & L. C. Barnett, 1990. Index Herbanonim. Part I. The herbana of the world. 8" edition. New York Botanical Garden, New York. 663 pp. Horak, E., 1989. New and additional data conceming Pyrrhoglossum and eccentric or laterally stipitate taxa of Gymmopiius (Agaricales). Opera Botanica 100: 115 — 129. Komerup, A. & J. H. Wanscher, 1978. Methuen handbook of colour. 37 ed Methuen & Co, Ltd, London. Kthner, R. & H. Romagnesi, 1953. Flore analytique des champignons supérieurs (Agarics, Bolets, Chanterelles). Masson et Cie, Paris. Moser, M., 1983. Keys to agancs and boleti: (Polyporales, Boletales, Agaricales, Russulales). Phillips, Tonbridge. . Mumill, W. A., 1913. The Agaricaceae of tropical North America — VI. Mycologia 5: 18 — 36. Natarajan, K., 1977. South Indian Agaricales II. Mycologia 69: 185 — 189. Natarajan, K. and N. Raman, 1983. South Indian Agancales. A prelummary study on some dark spored species. Biblioth. Mycol. 89. Cramer, Vaduz. Orton, P. D., 1960. New checklist of British aganics and boleti. Part Il. Notes on genera and species in the list. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 43: 159 — 439. Orton, P. D., 1993. Gymnopilus Karsten. In: Watling, R. & N. M. Gregory (eds.). Cortinariaceae p.p. British Fungus Flora Agarics and Boleti. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh. Pegler, D. N., 1986. Agaric flora of Sn Lanka. Kew Bull. Add. Ser. XIL Her May. Stat. Off, London. 519 pp. Saccardo, P. A., 1887. Sylloge Fungorum. Vol. 5 (Repnnt, IL W. Edwards, Ann Arbor, 1994). Singer, R., 1961. Diagnoses Fungorum Novorum Agaricalium II. Sydowia 15: 45 — 83. Treu, R., 1998. Macrofung in oil palm plantations on South East Asia. The Mycologist 12: 10 — 14. ae 4 Xf nl an meet x ei ee duis pi uy 1 i he , ey Mh hi Ape ‘ius ‘ i i ey Via ieee ae. ingery tei Hv ae AB phe Pa Moat Ms Ce ae A “tt ; has Lae fe ne a | | ‘, | ae pit kg a Pawan iia me wo ay i i ie vistas On, wren ie es ity; hee i i; ie ie ini A Mi) at as ane ws ’ Ang, Lan Ms oe Sa met cle A bie Abie sak au ae Ve ha i Me lal oe evel Cate naNdaovet ML Are, Wg Hest ae ae Heke eh REC 1b nee Md a) a Astivdd iH ae MW Ap ase r a i i AS ih eee a on hy ee La mae ma ee Sania ny moe ry i . i i 2 is a oe = aa aaa ia if nth hw iat hy 4, f Pane : he tA : i ih Mi 4 { y yy Hy Petts bi Se i WCAG Ca nS Ta we oe v0 t : F ye “ ad oe . Rey ie Hoy uri ‘Ae hale! ni ae ei i re. x wt he iff i~ ri he t fs y {| lie ae ay , es . ) i? Lees 2 i“, ‘p an 4 ii as 4 r ta Wty i oer > ah he DAHER: ule seuilts, ihc dh rt baat ayy i ‘ He Beniash AC nt i Oster tk nl 7 pit 9 sce it i" he sao eeor re a Wi syd be CMe ena: ai Mi sy | MYCOTAXON Volume LXXXV, pp. 313-317 January-March 2003 YUEA, A NEW GENUS IN XYLARIALES Ove E. Eriksson Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umea University, SE-90187, Umea, Sweden E-mail: ove.eriksson@eg.umu.se Abstract: The new genus Yuea (Xylariales) is based on Anthostoma chusqueicola, a bambusicolous pyrenomycete with immersed, non- stromatic ascomata, asci with a low and wide, I+ ring, and ascospores with helical germ slit. Keywords: bambusicolous, Amphisphaeriaceae, Xylariaceae, helical germ slit. INTRODUCTION Some genera described in Xylariales have ascospores with a helical germ slit, e.g. Helicogermslita Lodha & D. Hawksw., Obolarina Pouzar and Spirogramma Ferd. & Winge. The type species of Spirogramma, S. boergesenii Fred. & Winge, was transferred to Xylaria by Cannon (1987), although most species in that genus have a straight germ slit there are dozens with a more or less helical or sigmoid slit. Cannon listed 18 members of the Xylariales with ascospores provided with a helical germ slit. To his list can be added several species, e.g. Anthostoma chusqueicola Speg. This fungus is not closely related to the generic type Anthostoma decipiens Lam. & DC., which belongs in the Diatrypaceae (Eriksson 1966, Rappaz 1992, Lessge & Spooner 1994), now named Cryptosphaeria decipiens (Lam. & DC.) Lessge & Spooner. It has allantoid ascospores devoid of germ slit as other members of the Diatrypaceae. Anthostoma chusqueicola can not be accommodated in any of the currently recognized genera in Xylariales in which one or more species have been reported to have a helical germ slit (Amphisphaeria, Anthostomella, Biscogniauxia, Entosordaria, Helico- germslita, Hypoxylon, Kretzschmaria, Leptomassaria, Rosellinia, Stilbohypoxylon, and Xylaria), and neither in any of the other genera in the order with a straight germ slit. Therefore, the new genus Yuea is proposed. 314 Yuea O.E. Erikss., gen. nov. (Etymology: named in honour of Dr. Yue Jing-zhu, zymologist, pyrenomycologist and mycological artist, San Francisco, USA. Note, pronounciation of the new generic name is about as in German "Uda"). Stromata nulla. Perithecia laxe gregaria, ligno omnino immersa, subglobosa, membranacea. Periphyses et paraphyses numerosae, filiformes. Asci cylindrici, breviter stipitati, unitunicati, annulo apicali in liquore Melzeri cyanescente, 8-spori. Ascosporae uniseriatae, ellipsoidae - subcylindricae, utrinque normaliter rotundatae, brunneae, non- septatae, rima germinativa spirale longa praeditae, tunica mucosa hyalina. Type species: Yuea chusqueicola (Speg.) O.E. Erikss. (holotypus). Yuea chusqueicola (Speg.) O.E. Erikss. comb. nov. Fig. 1 Anthostoma chusqueicola Speg. - Rev. Fac. Agr. Veter. La Plata ep. 2, 6: 44 (1910). Perithecia scattered, each seated in a separate cavity in the bamboo wood and covered by a thin crust of mealy bamboo fragments, flattened subglobose, ca. 500-700 pm wide and 300-400 um high, non-clypeate or with a faint blackening in a narrow zone around the ostiole, with a rather broad and short central neck and when dry with a hollow centrum and shiny black hymenium (swelling and filling the hollow if water is added). Ostiolar region slightly raised or not. Wall ca. 15-20 um thick, outer parts brown, inner parts hyaline, of strongly compressed thin-walled cells. Hamathecium of periphyses in the ostiolar canal and ca. 1 wm wide, sparsely branched paraphyses in hymenial gel between the asci. Asci 250-300 x 10-12 pm (acc. to Spegazzini 1910, but the material is old, asci burst and the length can not be measured, width c. 11-12 pm), cylindrical, short-stalked, thin-walled, but thicker at the apex and with a low, ca. 5 fm wide, I+ and KOH/I+ blue ring that is round in optical cross section, 8-spored. Ascospores (20-) 25- 30 (-32) x (7-) 8-10 (-11) pm, over-lapping uniseriate, ellipsoid - subcylidrical, equilateral or slightly inequilateral, terete or slightly compressed, apically usually rounded, but some spores attenuated towards one or both ends, brown, smooth (oil imm.), non-septate, with a few rather large oil drops of irregular shape, with a germ slit spiralling one full circumference and reaching to about 5 fm from the ends of the spores, with a distinct, firm, ca. 0.7 wm wide gelatinous sheath (unchanged in KOH). Habitat: culms of Chusquea cummingii. Known distribution: Chile. Material studied: Chile, Valparaiso, on Chusquea cummingii, -.i.1909, leg. C. Spegazzini 6805 (LPS, holotype). DISCUSSION Yuea chusqueicola is a bambusicolous pyrenomycete with immersed, non-clypeate perithecia, cylindrical asci with a low, wide, I+ blue apical ring, and non-septate, brown ascospores, with helical germ slit. It 1s, no doubt, a member of Xylariales, but the aL A Imm B-C 20 um Fig. 1. Yuea chusqueicola. (A) Ascomata in a culm of Chusquea cummingii. (B) Ascus top. (C) Ascospores. - Scale: (A) 10 mm. (B-C) 30 um. - Material: Spegazzini no. 6805 (LPS, type of Anthostoma chusqueicola). 316 position of the new genus in the order is uncertain. As mentioned above, Cannon (1987) listed 18 species in Xylariales with helical germ slit. Some species can be added, and the following genera have to be considered: (1). Genera and species with perithecia embedded in a distinct stroma : Biscogniauxia __B. marginata (Fr.) Pouzar (Ju et al. 1998). Helicogermslita H. celastri (S. Kale & V. Kale) Lodha & D. Hawksw. and 3 or 4 other species (Lessge & Spooner 1994). — Anthostoma vincensii Arnaud (Cannon 1987) is Helicogermslita gaudefroyi (Fabre) Lessge & Spooner. Hypoxylon H. curvirimum Y.-M. Ju, J.D. Rogers & Lodge, H. fendleri Berk. (Ju & Rogers 1996). Kretzschmaria_ K. curvirima J.D. Rogers & Y.-M. Ju (Rogers & Ju 1998). Rosellinia several species (Lzessge & Spooner 1994). Stilbohypoxylon S. quisquiliarum (Mont.) J.D. Rogers & Y.-M. Ju (Lessge & Spooner 1994). Xylaria several species (Cannon 1987, Lessge & Lodge 1994, Lessge 1999). (2). Genera and species without a distinct stroma and with or without a clypeus: Amphisphaeria A. canicollis P. Karst. — Members of this genus have 2-celled ascospores without germ slit, and Karsten’s fungus should be restudied. Anthostomella several species (Cannon 1987). — Differs from Yuea in clypeate ascomata, asci with cylindrical or barrel-shaped amyloid plug, and ascospores with dwarf cell, at least when immature. Entosordaria _ E. spiralis E. Mill. — This species should be restudied. The type species has clypeate ascomata, flattened ascospores with dwarf cell and the larger cell with apical radiating slits. Leptomassaria_ L. simplex (Nitschke ex Otth) Petr., L. unedonis (De Not.) Rappaz. — Differs from Yuea in a white and well developed prosenchymatous entostroma near the peridium and a discoid to cylindrical I+ apical ring in asci (see Rappaz 1995). Anthostoma chusqueicola can not be accommodated in any of the genera in the first group characterized by distinct stromata. Of the genera in the second group, the three first mentioned have spores with one septum, at least when young and immature. Only Leptomassaria shows a resemblance with Anthostoma chusqueicola in scattered immersed ascomata, non-septate ascospores (also when young) with a thin gelatinous sheath, not dissolving in KOH. However, the two Leptomassaria species have a well developed entostroma and the apical ring in the asci is discoid to cylindrical. No entostroma is seen in Anthostoma chusqueicola and the apical ring is thin, round in ' optical cross section and with a wide opening. Thus, none of the genera that has been known to contain species with a helical germ slit can accommodate this species. Therefore, the new genus Yuea is proposed. o14 Some of the genera discussed above contain both species with a helical germ slit and others with a straight germ slit. There was, therefore, the possibility that Anthostoma chusqueicola should be referred to a genus for which hitherto only species with a straight germ slit were known. However, none of these genera are characterized by non-stromatic ascomata, a thin and wide I+ apical ring in asci, ascospores without septum also when immature. There is a second collection in LPS labelled Anthostoma chusqueicola (Chile, Los Perales, on Chusquea cummingii, 1918, leg. C. Spegazzini 6807). Drawings by Spegazzini on the envelope show a fungus with l-septate spores. This turned out to be an Amphisphaeria sp. with a smaller I+ apical ring in the asci (c. 4 um wide with narrow opening). The ascospores have one median septum, are longitudinally striated, lack germ slit, and measure ca. 26-29 x 8-9 Um. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am very grateful to Dr. Yue Jing-zhu (San Francisco) for providing a line drawing of ascomata of the type material of Anthostoma chusqueicola. 1 thank the Curator of LPS for the loan of this material and Dr Thomas Lessge (Copenhagen) for reviewing the manuscript. LITERATURE CITED Cannon P.F. 1987. The identity of the genus Spirogramma. - Systema Ascomycetum 6: 171-178. Eriksson O.[E.] 1966. On Anthostomella Sacc., Entosordaria (Sacc.) Héhn. and some related genera (pyrenomycetes). - Sv. Bot. Tidskr. 60: 315-324. Ju Y.-M. & Rogers J.D. 1996. A revision of the genus Hypoxylon. - APS Press, St. Paul (Minnesota). Ju Y.-M., Rogers J.D., Martin F.S. & Granmo A. 1998. The genus Biscogniauxia. - Mycotaxon 66: 1-98. Lessge T. 1999. The Xylaria comosa complex. - Kew Bull. 54: 605-619. Lessge T. & Lodge D.J. 1994. Three host specific Xylaria species. - Mycologia 86: 436-446. Lessge T. & Spooner B.M. 1994. Rosellinia & Astrocystis (Xylariaceae): New species and generic concepts. - Kew Bull. 49: 1-70. Rappaz F. 1992. Anthostoma decipiens et sa position systematique. - Mycol. Helv. 5: 21-32. Rappaz F. 1995. Anthostomella and related xylariaceous fungi on hard wood from Europe and North America. - Mycol. Helv. 7: 99-168. Rogers J.D. & Ju Y.-M. 1998. The genus Kretzschmaria. - Mycotaxon 68: 345-393. Spegazzini C. 1910. Fungi Chilenses. - Rev. Fac. Agr. Veter. La Plata ep. 2, 6: 1- 205. ask se. * a parti 8 wl ’ ' ee a At Polheain Hal ap KSA MITER Ah re i he ee fehl set ae ¥ tain re a aol Te, V ny ; ' . ~ ei i ai, we | i gies re a ee ia i Built cian a yeu Wee if nt ohh ; > yews = one st _ i 7. oh eae? Mi i ; vest” Wet ‘) a ak ci * a i ae 1 agle a he ve ht by SebatalttvtoN y Oe | a | . wae “4 if vane A CER OWE eae anita g AST Vege noe Rae Fe Lucca ha ‘ ae i Hapa Na , pits eae a ect a+ mye ry a on ae yetihhe aint a | okays eY: ai ‘e ona ay ony i ay anit we | at . tahini stent » TE EE PUTS RS POR GOAN if We He s haere! Sr slethal hain ti ieee 7 ; ND: io CY Saar i ie Ai Hage oY: wee ve dau | hice oe! oe cals 1 uent yi 308 Nuh ade ‘tule Waa ALY pate es ie Linky mre on icin ria a iW Pah ene | MOE ie MMM Tet en ies Hh a a a if waa Auth ove | - | +i i os, ay a Aas TA) PRATE , RATAN Tt V be) al , ype 7 | ; : My wid it ie his Hwee y ait BA Laps pir oi id Pe Ele ei Hoe rude Wy ot aka A . OS Ae ra rin Pes. bmorty yi een a: ay neh dnt des ina AREAL EO Fi: ay hee AG Aah Y ee sla Bey e lh ees bu A itaes Sead Wesel t tt Lee “BK : A aby inl) SAR ARR ET, eons Ke a mud Ha. pian Dh nalts ral enliv Boole RA . sh t LA neti, sbbilanhN ve haba Paty eBags ash im ee tO ee , i HPI EL LEAL Came taba vat aye Alt mw REE JEL ertageh al eM, Me p ithe " on riche nou A Pea rb teeny! A S Re ik het, ght ‘mee. aM, Whe ies neler slang ig my) : Mig 8 RN disc eur Hone A) a9 anne oie é b my a Tha a" SA be eee tes ay ‘3 ee : a ; igs . ae nie 7 pane he ea 7 ie a Re hy atch Paine soar) iy “Shin: ae ae ln eye ys Be Ces ayn Fe | ee al by iy ae x eh lhe sa liths oie a a a “Wie Tiles a4 hieaseat iy mo hs ii ie pe ra Sy ay erin ve nb aH Fart " ) 5 ee ae ; | Lag ee an | } rh ree oe MY COTAXON Volume LXXX, pp. 319-324 January-March 2003 NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS ASTERINA FROM CHINA III* Bin Song Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510 070, China. ABSTRACT Asterina altingiae parasitic on Altingia chinensis, Asterina bruceae parasitic on Brucea javanica, Asterina loropetali parasitic on Loropetalum chinense, and Asterina pouteriae parasitic on Pouteria grandifolia are described and illustrated as new species. Key words: Asterinaceae, Asterina altingiae, Asterina bruceae, Asterina loropetali, Asterina pouteriae 1. Asterina altingiae sp. nov. (Fig. 1) Coloniae epiphyllae, atrae, tenues, arachnoideae, ad 2 mm diam., raro confluent. Hyphae atro-brunneae, sinuatae, opposite vel irregulariter acuteque vel wideque ramosae, laxe vel dense reticulatae, cellulis 18-28 X 3-4 ym. Appressoria bicellula, alternata vel unilatera, antrorsa, sinuata vel recta, 8-12 4m longa; cellula basali cylindracea vel cuneata, 2-5 um longa; cellula apicali subglobosa, angulosa vel lobula, raro integra, 5.5-7.5 X 5-7.5 um. Ascomata dispersa vel laxe aggregata, atra, orbiculata vel hemisphaeria, ad 120 pm diam., stellate dehiscentia ad centrum, irregulariter margina crenata vel fimbriata, cells 2-3 um lata; ascosporae oblongae vel ellipsoideae, atro-brunneae, 1-septatae, obtusae, constrictae, laeves, 19-23 X 7.5-11 um. Pycnidia pauca, dispersa, hemisphaeria, stellate dehiscentia ad centrum, irregulariter crenata ad peripherica, ad 100 ym diam.; conidia unicellula, late ovata vel subovata, atro-brunnea, hyaline et mediato, 10-15 X 6.5-10 pm. Colonies epiphyllous, black, thin, arachnoid, up to 2 mm in diameter, rarely confluent. Hyphae brown, sinuous, opposite or irregular branching acutely or lately, loosely or densely reticulate, cells 18-28 X 3-4 um. Appressoria 2-celled, alternate or unilateral, spreading, bent or straight, 8-12 um long; stalk cells cylindrical to cuneate, 2-5 um long; head cells nearly globose, angulose to lobate, rare entire, 5.5-7.5 X 5-7.5 um. Ascomata scattered to loosely aggregate, black, orbicular or hemispherical, up to 120 p.m in diameter, a broad or stellately dehiscent at central, irregularly crenate to shortly tasseled at periphery, surface cells 2-3 m wide; ascospores oblong or ellipsoid, brown, 1-septate, obtuse, constricted at septum, surface smooth, 19-23 X 7.5-11 um. Pycnidia few, similar to ascomata, scattered, hemispherical, black, up to 100 um in diameter, stellately dehisced at the central, crenate at periphery; conidia unicellular, widely ovate or nearly ovate, brown, hyaline in mediate, 10-15 X 6.5-10 um. Holotype: On leaves of A/tingia chinensis (Champ.) Oliver.(Hamamelidaceae). Xiaohu, Fujian Province, China.September 8, 1987, Y. X. Hu, HMIGD 31717. Etymology: altingiae, in reference to the host species, A/tingia chinensis. The present species is closely related to Asterina distyliicola Hino & Katumoto. The distinguishing character of A. distyliico/a are that the ascospores are larger (23.5-32.5 X 10-13.5 um) and the appressoria are opposite (Hino & Katumot, 1956), and it is found mixed with Meliola altingiae B. Song et Y. X. Hu. *This project was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong (A20000205, A020470), and the Foundation of Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, and the Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application. 320 Fig.1 Asterina altingiae (a. hyphae with appressoria; b. ascomata; c. ascospores; d. pycnidium; e.conidia). (Bars=25ym). Fig.2 Asterina bruceae (a. hyphae with appressoria; b. ascomata; c. ascospores; d. pycnidium, e. conidia). (Bars=25ym). 321 2. Asterina bruceae sp. nov. (Fig. 2) Coloniae amphigenae, plerumque epiphyllae, atrae, tenues vel subdensae, arachnoideae vel velvulae, ad 5 mm diam., raro confluent. Hyphae atro-brunneae, subrectae vel undulatae, opposite vel irregulater acuteque vel wideque ramosae, laxe vel dense reticulatae, cellulis 17-33 X 4.5-5.5 um. Appressoria uicellula, opposita vel 10% alternata, antrorsa, plerumque sinuata, subellipsoidea vel cylindracea, 1-3-lobula vel raro angulsa, 5-11 X 5-9.5 um. Ascomata laxe aggregata vel dispersa, atra, orbiculata vel hemisphaeria, ad 180 um diam., nulla cava vel stellate dehiscentia ad centrum, irregulariter margina crenata vel fimbriata, cells 2-3 um lata; ascosporae oblongae vel ellipsoideae, atro-brunneae, |-septatae, obtusae, constrictae, echinulate, 20-26.5 X 9.5-12.8 um. Pycnidia pauca, dispersa, hemisphaeria, stellate dehiscentia ad centrum, irregulariter crenata ad peripherica, ad 100 pm diam.; conidia unicellula, late ovata vel subellipsoidea, atro-brunnea, 14-16 X 9-12.6 um. Colonies amphigenous, mostly epiphyllous, black, thin to nearly dense, arachnoid to velvety, up to 5 mm in diameter, rarely confluent. Hyphae brown, substraight to undulate, opposite or irregular branching acutely or lately, loosely or densely reticulate, cells 17-33 X 4.5- 5.5 um. Appressoria unicellular, opposite or 10% alternate, spreading, mostly bent, nearly ellipsoid or cylindrical, 1-3-lobate or rarely angulose, 5-11 X 5-9.5 um. Ascomata loosely aggregated to scattered, black, orbicular or hemispherical, up to 180 um in diameter, not pole or opening by a broad or stellately dehiscent pore at central area, irregularly crenate to shortly tasseled at periphery, surface cells 2-3 um wide; ascospores oblong or ellipsoid, brown, 1- septate, obtuse, constricted at septum, surface echinulate, 20-26.5 X 9.5-12.8 um. Pycnidia few, similar to ascomata, scattered, hemispherical, black, up to 100 xm in diameter, stellately dehisced at the central, crenate at periphery; conidia unicellular, widely ovate or nearly ellipsoid, brown, 14-16 X 9-12.6 um. Holotype: On leaves of Brucea javanica (Linn.) Merr.(Simaroubaceae). Longduan, Guangxi Province, China.August 39, 1986, Y. X. Hu, HMIGD 34410. Etymology: bruceae, in reference to the host species, Brucea javanica. The present species is closely related to Asterina lobata Syd. The distinguishing character of A. /obata are that the ascospores are smaller (13-18 X 6-7 um) and surface smooth; the appressoria are not opposite (Sydow H. et P., 1912a). 3. Asterina loropetali sp. nov. (Fig. 3) Coloniae epiphyllae, atrae, tenues, arachnoideae, ad 2.5 mm diam., raro confluent. Hyphae atro-brunneae, subrecta vel sinuata, opposite vel irrugulater acuteque vel wideque ramosae, laxe vel dense reticulatae, cellulis 18-30 X 2.5-3.5 um. Appressoria uicellula, alternata vel opposita, antrorsa, recta vel leviter sinuata, cylindracea, integra, subacuta vel obtuse ad apice, 6-10 X 3.5-5 um. Ascomata laxe aggregata vel dispersa, atra, orbiculata vel hemisphaeria, ad 280 pm diam., nulla cava vel stellate dehiscentia ad centrum, irregulariter margina crenata vel fimbriata, cells 2-3.5 um lata; ascosporae oblongae vel ellipsoideae, atro-brunneae, 1-septatae, obtusae, constrictae, laeves, 22-23 X 9-11.5 ym. Pycnidia numerosus, laxe aggregata vel dispersa, hemisphaeria, stellate dehiscentia ad centrum, irregulariter crenata ad peripherica, ad 170 um diam.; conidia unicellula, ovata, margina 2-4-angulosa, atro-brunnea, 12-23 X 10-14 um. Colonies epiphyllous, black, thin, arachnoid, up to 2.5 mm in diameter, rare confluent. Hyphae brown, nearly straight or sinuous, opposite or irregular branching acutely or lately, closely or densely reticulate, cells mostly 18-30 X 2.5-3.5um. Appressoria unicellular, in alternate or opposite arrangement, spreading, straight or slightly bent, cylindrical, entire, nearly acute or obtuse at apex, 6-10 X 3.5-5 um. Ascomata loosely aggregated or scattered, black, 322 Fig.3 Asterina loropetali (a. hyphae with appressoria; b. ascomata; c. ascospores; d. pycnidium; e.conidia). (Bars=25ym). Fig.4 Asterina pouteriae (a. hyphae with appressoria, b. ascomata; c. ascospores). (Bars=25ym). 323 orbicular or hemispherical, opening by a broad or stellately dehiscent pore at central area, irregularly crenate to shortly tasseled at periphery, up to 280 um in diameter, surface cells radiated, 2-3.511m wide; ascospores oblong or ellipsoid, brown, 1-septate, obtuse, constricted at septum, surface smooth, 22-23 X 9-11.5 um. Pycnidia numerous, similar to ascomata, loosely aggregated or scattered, hemispherical, black, up to 170 xm in diameter, stellately dehisced at the center, crenate at periphery; conidia unicellular, ovate, 2-4-angulose at periphery, brown, 12- 23 X 10-14 um. Holotype: On leaves of Loropetalum chinense (B. Br.) Oliver. (Hamamelidaceae). Guangze, Fujian Province, China.September 8, 1980, Z. X. Chen, HMIGD 34323. Etymology: /oropetali, in reference to the host species, Loropetalum chinense. The present species is closely related to Asterina altingiae and Asterina trichocladi Doidge. The distinguishing character of 4. altingiae are that the appressoria are bicellular; the distinguishing character of A. trichocladi are that the appressoria are alternate, not oppisite (Doidge, 1942). 4. Asterina pouteriae sp. nov. (Fig. 4) Coloniae epiphyllae, atrae, tenues, arachnoideae vel subvelvetae, ad 6 mm diam., raro confluent. Hyphae atro-brunneae, subrectae vel rectae, opposite acuteque vel wideque ramosae, laxe vel dense reticulatae, cellulis plerumque 20-50 X 5.5-7 um. Appressoria uicellula, opposita vel 5-10% alternata, antrorsa, recta vel leviter sinuata, cylindracea vel conoidea, integra, subacuta ad apice, 7-12.5 X 5.5-7.5 um. Ascomata laxe aggregata, atra, orbiculata vel hemisphaeria, ad 340 pm diam., nulla cava vel stellate dehiscentia ad centrum, irregulariter margina crenata vel fimbriata, cells 2-3 1m lata; ascosporae oblongae vel ellipsoideae, atro- brunneae, 1-septatae, obtusae, penitis constrictae, laeves vel leviter echinulatae, 32-40 X 16-18.5 um. Colonies epiphyllous, black, thin, arachnoid to nearly velvety, up to 6 mm in diameter, rare confluent. Hyphae brown, nearly straight to straight, opposite branching acutely or lately, loosely or densely reticulate, cells mostly 20-50 X 5.5-7 um. Appressoria unicellular, in opposite or 5-10% alternate arrangement, spreading, straight or slightly bent, cylindrical or conoid, entire, nearly acute at apex, 7-12.5 X 5.5-7.5um. Ascomata loosely aggregated, black, orbicular or hemispherical, up to 340 um in diameter, opening by a broad or stellately dehiscent at central, irregular crenate to shortly tasseled at periphery, surface cells 2-311m wide; ascospores oblong or ellipsoid, brown, 1-septate, obtuse, strongly constricted at septum, surface smooth or slightly echinulate, 32-40 X 16-18.5 ym. Holotype: On leaves of Pouteria grandifolia (Wall.) Pierre (Sapotaceae). Menglu, Yunnan Province, China. August 3, 1985, Y. X. Hu, HMIGD 31599. Etymology: pouteriae, in reference to the host species, Pouteria grandifolia. The present species is closely related to Asterina opaca Syd. The distinguishing character of A. opaca are that the ascospores are smaller (26-28 X 13-14 um) (Sydow H. et P., 1912b), and it is found mixed with Meliola butyrospermi Hansf. et Deight. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am deeply grateful to Dr. R. D. Goos of Department of Botany, University of Rhode Island (U.S.A.) for reviewing the manuscript. I also acknowledge Prof. S. Q. Chen of South China Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica (Guangzhou) for identifying the host plant, and to Ms. A.L. Zhang for the technical assistance. REFERENCES Doidge E.M. 1942. A revision of the South Africa Microthyriaceae. Bothalia 4:273-420. Hino I, Katumoto K. 1956. Notes on fungi from Western Japan. Bull. Fac. Agric. Yamaguti Univ. 7:257-266. 324 Sydow H and P. 1912a. Fungi from the islands of Palawan. Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 5:1523-1548. Sydow H and P. 1912b. Beschreibungen neuer siidafrikanischer Pilze. Ann. Mycol. 10:33-45. MYCOTAXON Volume LXXXV, pp. 325-330 January-March 2003 NEW SPECIES OF PARMOTREMA AND RELICINA (ASCOMYCOTA, PARMELIACEAE) FROM THAILAND KAWINNART NOICHAROEN, WETCHASART POLYIAM, KANSRI BOONPRAGOB Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand email: kansri@ram1.ru.ac.th JOHN A. ELIX Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, A.C.T. 0200, Australia email: John. Elix@anu.edu.au PATRICIA A. WOLSELEY Department of Botany, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom email: P.Wolseley@nhm.ac.uk ABSTRACT: Parmotrema euplectinum and Relicina polycarpa are reported as new to science. In addition, Relicina palmata and R. subconnivens are reported for the first time from Thailand. KEY WORDS: Parmotrema euplectinum, Relicina polycarpa, Relicina palmata, Relicina subconnivens, Khao Yai National Park INTRODUCTION In recent years there has been a rapid and productive increase in lichenological research in Thailand, especially at the Lichen Research Unit, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, leading to a much better appreciation of lichen biodiversity with many newly described species (Boonpragob et al. 1998; Pooprang et al. 1999; Vongshewarat et al. 1999; Homchantara & Coppins 2002). Khao Yai National Park covers 2168 km” between latitudes 14°05'N and 14°35'N and longitudes 101°0S'E and 101°50'E. Most of the park is occupied by evergreen forest 326 with a microclimate that provides for a high species diversity of tropical lichens. A previous study of lichens in Khao Yai National Park (Boonpragob ef al., 1998) reported 161 lichenized taxa, with nine genera and fifty-seven species belonging to the Parmeliaceae. The present work describes two further new species of Parmeliaceae from Khao Yai National Park. Chemical constituents were identified by thin layer chromatography (Culberson 1972; Culberson ef al. 1981; Culberson & Johnson 1982; Elix & Ernst-Russell 1993), high performance liquid chromatography (Feige ef al. 1993; Elix & Wardlaw 2000) and comparison with authentic samples. THE NEW SPECIES Parmotrema euplectinum Elix, Noicharoen & Wolseley, sp. nov. Fig. | Thallus ut in Parmotrema thailandicum sed acidum alectoronicum absente et euplectinum et coneuplectinum continente differt. Type: Thailand. Uthai Thani Province: Khao Nang Rum Cathouse site, 15°29'N, 99°18'E, 460 m, on bark in dry dipterocarp forest, B. Aguirre-Hudson, P. James & P. Wolseley 1951, 10 Feb. 1993; holo: BM; iso: CANB. Thallus corticolous, foliose, loosely adnate, coriaceous, 8-21 cm wide. Lobes rounded or apices irregularly incised, 5-10 mm wide; margins entire or crenate, often ascending; cilia absent. Upper surface pale grey to grey-green, shiny, emaculate or faintly maculate, often uneven and wrinkled, cracked with age, soredia and isidia lacking; becoming lobulate-laciniate towards the center; lobulae sublinear to rotund, simple or very rarely branched, 0.8-1.2 mm wide. Medulla white for the most part, orange- pigmented adjacent to lower cortex. Lower surface black, with a broad, brown erhizinate marginal zone; sparsely rhizinate, the rhizines black, scattered, simple. Apothecia pedicellate, 4-10 mm wide; disc eperforate, concave then undulate-distorted and stellate-cracked, dark brown; thalline exciple rugulose with age. Ascospores obovate, 22-24 x 9-11 um. Pycnidia very common, submarginal, immersed to subemergent. Conidia sublageniform, 5-7 x 1 um. Chemistry. Cortex K+ yellow; medulla K+ pale yellow-brown, C-, P+ red; containing atranorin (minor), chloroatranorin (minor), protocetraric acid (major), euplectin (minor), coneuplectin (minor), virensic acid (trace), subvirensic acid (trace), conprotocetraric acid (trace). This new species resembles Parmotrema thailandicum Elix & Pooprang in both morphology and medullary chemistry; both species have loosely adnate, coriaceous thalli, develop lobulate laciniae towards the ‘centre of the thallus and contain protocetraric in the medulla. However, P. thailandicum differs in containing additional alectoronic acid and skyrin in the yellow-orange-pigmented lower medulla (P. euplectinum lacks alectoronic acid and contains euplectin and coneuplectin in the lower medulla) and in the longer conidia (7-9 cf 5-7 um long). 327 Figures 1-2. New taxa of Parmeliaceae. 1. Parmotrema euplectinum (holotype in BM); 2. Relicina polycarpa (holotype in RAMK). Scale bar = 5 mm 328 Specimens examined THAILAND. Phetchaboon Province, Nam Nao Park, Ranger Station W of Headquarters, on branch in oak-pine forest, R.J. & A.A. Bandoni & T.W. Flegel 10756, 19 Sept. 1994 (herb. Diederich); Prachinburi Province, Khao Yai National Park, on summit of Khao Samorpoon Mountain, 14°16'N, 101°36'E, 805 m, on tree in dry dipterocarp forest, W. Polyiam & K. Noicharoen, 20 Feb. 2000 (RAMK 17350, 17331, 17333, 17338, 17341). Relicina polycarpa Elix & Polyiam, sp. nov. Fig. 2 Thallus ut in Relicina subabstrusa sed apothecia aggregata et acidum echinocarpicum et acidum normenegazziaicum continente differt. Type: Thailand. Nakhon Nayok Province: Khao Yai National Park, near sling bridge across Lam Takhong Creek, Kong Keaw Waterfalls, National Park Headquarters, 14°26'S, 101°22'E, 750 m, on branch of Altingia excelsa in mid-canopy of tropical rainforest, K. Noicharoen & W. Polyiam, 18 June 2000; holo: RAMK 20371; iso: CANB. Thallus corticolous, small-foliose, adnate, to 2-3 cm wide. Lobes contiguous centrally to separate at the periphery, not imbricate, sublinear-elongate, dichotomously to subdichotomously branched, 0.5-1.5 mm wide, elobulate; bulbate cilia moderately dense, conspicuous, strongly inflated, not branched, to 0.3 mm long. Upper surface pale yellow-green, flat, smooth, emaculate or faintly maculate, shiny at the apices, without isidia. Medulla white. Lower surface black; rhizines moderately dense, simple, coarse, black. Apothecia aggegated, immersed then sessile, 0.1-0.5 mm wide; disc more or less flat, pale brown, ecoronate; thalline margin absent. Ascospores ellipsoidal, eight per ascus, 7-9 x 5-6 um. Pycnidia rare, immersed. Conidia bacilliform, 7-8 x 1-2 pm. Chemistry. Cortex K-; medulla K+ yellow-red, C-, P+ orange; containing usnic acid (major), +atranorin (trace), norstictic acid (major), echinocarpic acid (minor), subnorstictic acid (trace), normenegazziaic acid (trace). In the morphology of the thallus R. polycarpa resembles the widespread species, Relicina subabstrusa (Gyeln.) Hale, since both species lack isidia and lobules, have black lower surface and contain norstictic acid as the major medullary substance. However, R. polycarpa has aggregated apothecia which lack a thalline margin, and the thallus contains minor quantities of echinocarpic and normenegazziaic acids, whereas R. subabstrusa has separate apothecia with a coronate thalline margin and contains minor quantities of connorstictic and +subnorstictic acids but lacks echinocarpic and normenegazziaic acids (Elix 1996, 1999). Relicina polycarpa is unique in this genus in having subimmersed, aggregated apothecia, the disc of which lack a thalline exciple. At present R. polycarpa is known only from the type locality. 329 Specimen examined THAILAND. Nakhon Nayok Province: Khao Yai National Park, type locality, on fallen twig of Altingia excelsa in rainforest, K. Noicharoen & W. Polyiam, 18 June 2000 (RAMK 20374). New Records for Thailand Relicina palmata Elix, Bibliotheca Lichenologica 62: 83 (1996) This species was known previously from Malaysia, Philippines and Sri Lanka (Elix 1996). Specimen Examined THAILAND. Nakhon Nayok Province: Khao Yai National Park, Training Center, 14°25'N, 101°22'E, 750-900 m, on Dipterocarpus costatus in rainforest, W. Polyiam, 15 May 2001 (RAMK 21124). Relicina subconnivens Hale, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 26: 30 (1975) This species was known previously from Malaysia (Elix.1996). Specimens Examined THAILAND. Nakhon Nayok Province: Khao Yai National Park, Kong Keaw Waterfalls, 14°26'S, 101°22'E, 754 m, on Altingia excelsa in rainforest, K. Noicharoen & W. Polyiam, 20 Sept. 2000 (RAMK 20370); Khao Yai National Park, Gibbon Camp, tower tree near Visitor Center, 14°26'S, 101°22'E, 750 m, on Celtis tetrandra in rainforest, W. Polyiam, 20 Sept. 2001 (RAMK 21378). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank Professor Dr Ming-Jou Lai for helpful suggestions. We are grateful to the Natural Resource and Environmental Management Division,of the Royal Forest Department for kind cooperation in Huay Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary and Khao Yai National Park. Lichen studies by Ramkhamhaeng University were funded under the Biodiversity Program of the Thai Ministry of Science Technology and Environment. Pat Wolseley and Begofia Aguirre-Hudson had a research project in Thailand funded by the Leverhulme Trust. We are indebted to Stuart Hay and Neal McCracken of ANU Photography, for preparing the photographs. 330 LITERATURE CITED Boonpragob, K., Homchantara, N., Coppins, B. J., McCarthy, P. M. & Wolseley, P. A. (1998). An introduction to the lichen flora of Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. Botanical Journal of Scotland 50: 209-219. Culberson, C. F. (1972). Improved conditions and new data for the identification of lichen products by a standardized thin-layer chromatographic method. Journal of Chromatography 72: 113-125. Culberson, C. F., Culberson, W. L. & Johnson, A. (1981). A standardized TLC analysis of B-orcinol depsidones. The Bryologist 84: 16-29. Culberson, C. F. & Johnson, A. (1982). Substitution of methyl tert-butyl ether for diethyl ether in the standardized thin-layer chromatographic method for lichen products. Journal of Chromatography 238: 483-487. Elix, J. A. (1996). A revision of the lichen genus Relicina. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 62: 1-150. Elix, J. A. (1999). Revised worldwide key for the genus Relicina (Parmeliaceae). In: Lichen determination keys (Relicina), ed. H. Sipman, http://www.bgbm.fu-berlin.de/keys/Relicina.thm Elix, J. A. & Ernst-Russell, K. D. (1993). A Catalogue of Standardized Thin Layer Chromatographic Data and Biosynthetic Relationships for Lichen Substances, 2nd edn. Australian National University: Canberra. Elix, J. A. & Wardlaw, J. H. (2000). Lusitanic acid, peristictic acid and verrucigeric acid. Three new f- orcinol depsidones from the lichen Relicina sydneyensis and Xanthoparmelia verrucigera. Australian Journal of Chemistry 53: 815-818. Feige, G. B., Lumbsch, H. T., Huneck, S. & Elix, J. A. (1993). The identification of lichen substances by a standardized high-performance liquid chromatographic method. Journal of Chromatography 646: 417-427. Homchantara, N. & Coppins, B. J. (2002). New species of the lichen family Thelotremataceae in SE Asia. Lichenologist 34: 113-140. Pooprang, T., Boonpragob, K. & Elix, J. A. (1999). New species and new records in the lichen family Parmeliaceae (Ascomycotina) from Thailand. Mycotaxon 71: 111-127. Vongshewarat, K., McCarthy, P. M., Mongkolsuk, P. & Boonpragob, K. (1999). Additions to the lichen flora of Thailand. Mycotaxon 70: 227-236. MY COTAXON Volume LXXX, pp. 331-340 January-March 2003 NEW AND INTERESTING INOPERCULATE DISCOMYCETES FROM KOREA AIN RAITVUR Institute of Zoology and Botany, Riia 181, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia (e-mail: ain@zbi.ee) and HYEON-DONG SHIN* Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea (e-mail: hdshin@korea.ac.kr) ABSTRACT: Four new species, Crocicreas albidum (Helotiaceae), Trichopeziza juglandis (Hyaloscyphaceae), Ciboria salmonea and Lanzia eburnea (Stromatiniaceae) are described from Korea. Six new reports for Korea are provided and their taxonomy is discussed Key words: taxonomy, new species, biogeography. The Discomycetes of Korea are poorly known. Only 115 species have been recorded (Lee & Lee, 2000). To produce finally a regional monograph of Discomycetes, the second author started collecting and more than 100 specimens of Discomycetes were collected in 2001. The identification of the specimens was done in collaboration by both authors. We found four new species and six new reports for Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS From July to October 2001, more than 100 specimens of discomycetous fungi were collected in 4 localities in Korea, viz. National Arboretum of Korea (alt. ca. 100 m, Pochon), Daegwanryong Rehabilitation Forest (alt. ca. 400 m, Kangnung), Mt. Chiri (alt. ca. 700 m, Hamyang), and Mt. Halla (alt. ca. 800 m, Cheju). All collections are preserved in the personal herbarium of Ascomycetes of H.D. Shin (MCKU). The holotypes of new species are deposited in the herbarium of the Institute of Zoology and Botany (TAA), isotypes in MCKU. The dry material was rehydrated in 2% aqueous solution of KOH. Meltzer’s reagent (MLZ), Lugol’s solution (IKI), Congo Red (CR) and Cotton Blue in lactic acid (CB) were used for histochemical reactions. A Nikon Labophot-2 microscope equipped with a drawing tube was used and all measurements and drawings are made in 2% KOH if not otherwise stated. * Corresponding author, Phone) +82-2-32903063, Fax) +82-2-9251970 803 TAXONOMY Dactylosporaceae Dactylospora stygia (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Hafellner, Nova Hedwigia, Beihefte 62: 137, 1979. ASCOCARPS scattered to gregarious, broadly sessile, circular to sub-circular, plane, up to 3 mm in diameter, black and shiny when fresh and dry. EXCIPULUM composed of large, subhyaline to dark brown globose cells changing into small prismatic, blackish brown, sometimes almost opaque cells closer to margin. ASCI clavate, 8-spored, with a thick, rounded apex, 62-80 x (9- )12-15 pm, apex blue, walls red in IKI; apex deep blue, walls colorless in MLZ. ASCOSPORES biseriate or irregularly biseriate, elliptical to irregularly fusiform, uniseptate, smooth or slightly constricted at the septa, 14-20(-24) x 4-6 um, containing two lipid guttules per cell, light brown to dark olivaceous brown. PARAPHYSES filiform, apically swollen, often with an almost globose apical cell 3-5 um diam, staining diffusely blue in MLZ, tips encrusted with a brown amorphous matter forming an epithecium. Fig. 1. Specimens examined: Pochon, Korea, on barkless damp rotten wood, 29 VII 2001, 31 VII 2001 & 12 X 2001, coll. H.D. Shin, MCKU 010729-2, 010831-1, & 011012-8; Kangnung, Korea, on barkless damp rotten wood, 7 [IX 2001 & 5 X 2001, coll. H.D. Shin, MCKU 010907- 14 & 011005-17. Notes: This species of unclear taxonomic position (Kirk et al., 2001) is common in Korea on barkless rotting wood. Helotiaceae Crocicreas albidum Raitv. & H.D. Shin species nova Apothecia solitaria vel dispersa, stipitata, cupulata, albida vel cremea, disco 0.5-2 mm diametro, stipes cylindraceus, tenuis, usque ad 1 mm altus. Excipulum ectale ex textura oblita compositur, hyphis hyalinis. Asci uncinati, cylindraceo-clavati, octospori, 45-50 x 3.5-4.5 um, poro iodo caerulescentia. Sporae fusoideae, hyalinae, aseptatae, biguttulatae, 8-10 x 2-2.5 um. Paraphyses cylindraceae, hyalinae, apicibus anguste clavatis, usque ad 2 pum latis. Ad folia dejecta arborum frondosarum crescit. Crocicreas espeletarii S.E. Carp. similis, marginem non denticulatum et colorem album differt. Holotypus: Arboretum Nationale, Pochon, Korea, ad folia caduca, 26 VII 2001, H.D. Shin legit. (TAA-182257 conservatur); isotypus MCKU 010726-3. APOTHECIA solitary to scattered, stipitate. DISC 0.5-2 mm in diameter, whitish to cream- coloured when fresh and dry. RECEPTACLE cup-shaped, concolorous with the disc, externally smooth. STIPE cylindric, slender, up to 1 mm long. ECTAL EXCIPULUM composed of textura oblita, hyphae more or less parallel, slightly flexuous, embedded in gelatinous matrix, turning into a narrow marginal rim of short-celled textura prismatica and ending in clavate cells with ochraceous, resinous content. ASCI arising from croziers, cylindric-clavate, 8-spored, 45-50 x 3.5-4.5 um, apical pore blue in MLZ. ASCOSPORES fusoid, hyaline, aseptate, containing two big lipid globules, 8-10 x 2-2.5 um. PARAPHYSES cylindric, hyaline, apically slightly clavate, up to 2 um wide. Figs. 2-6. On fallen leaves of deciduous trees. Specimen examined: National Arboretum, Pochon, Korea, on fallen leaves of deciduous trees, 26 VII 2001, coll. H.D. Shin, (Holotype in TAA-182257, isotype MCKU 010726-3). Notes: This small foliicolous Crocicreas closely resembles C. espeletiarum S.E. Carp. Macroscopically, they differ in the margin and colour of the apothecia (plane vs. denticulate margin and white vs. dark brown colour, respectively). Microscopically, these two species are similar in the excipular structure and hymenial characteristics but they differ in the shape and size of the ascospores. In C. albidum the ascospores are fusoid and narrower (2-2.5 pm) containing large lipid globules and in C. espeletiarum they are ovoid-ellipsoid and wider (3.5-4 tim) containing small lipid guttules. 334 Tatraea macrospora (Peck) Baral, Ost. Z. Pilzk. 8: 80, 1999. = Ciboria peckiana (Cooke) Korf, Phytologia 21: 203, 1971 APOTHECIA scattered to solitary, shortly stipitate. DISC 3.5-11 mm in diameter, cream- coloured to light brown when fresh, dark brown when dry. RECEPTACLE cup-shaped when young, becoming plane with age, concolorous with the disc. Stipe cylindric, up to 3 mm long. ECTAL EXCIPULUM composed of textura globulosa, individual cells hyaline, thin-walled. ASCI arising from croziers, cylindric, 8-spored, 143-195 x 11-17.5 jm, short and wide apical pore blue in MLZ. ASCOSPORES fusoid, inequilateral, hyaline, aseptate, containing 1 or 2 large and several small lipid globules, germinating into polar conidia, 26-41 x 5.5-8 pum. PARAPHYSES filiform, septate, hyaline, slightly exceeding the asci, 2-2.5 um wide. - Specimens examined: Mt. Halla, Cheju, Korea, on rotten wood of Quercus sp., 14 VIII 2001, coll. H.D. Shin, MCKU 010814-11 & 010814-15; Kangnung, Korea, on rotten wood of a deciduous tree, 7 [IX 2001, coll. H.D. Shin, MCKU 010907-10; National Arboretum, Pochon, Korea, on rotten wood of a deciduous tree, 12 X 2001, coll. H.D. Shin, MCKU 011012-20. Notes: This widespread species (Spooner, 1987) has recently been transferred to the helotiaceous genus Tatraea Svréek by Baral (Baral et al., 1999). It seems to be common in Korea. Hyaloscyphaceae Proliferodiscus earoleucus (Berk. & Broome) Haines & Dumont, Mycologia 75: 539, 1983. APOTHECIA scattered to densely gregarious, sessile, sometimes confluent into compound fruitbodies. DISC up to | mm in diameter, pale yellowish when fresh, pale greyish yellow when dry. RECEPTACLE saucer-shaped, externally densely covered with white hairs when fresh, greyish white when dry. ECTAL EXCIPULUM composed of textura prismatica, cells comparatively short, thick-walled. HAIRS flexuous, thick-walled, hyaline, coarsely warted, up to 70 um long, 2.5-3.5 um wide. ASCI arising from simple septa, cylindric-clavate, 26-36 x 3.5-4 um, ascus apex not blued in MLZ. ASCOSPORES ellipsoid, hyaline, aseptate, containing sometimes minute polar lipid globules, 4-5 x 1.2 pm. PARAPHYSES filiform, not exceeding the asci. Specimen examined: Mt. Chiri, Hamyang, Korea, on dead branch of Pinus sp. (?), 13 VII 2001, coll. H.D. Shin, MCKU 010713-5. Trichopeziza juglandis Raitv. & H.D. Shin species nova Apothecia dispersa vel gregaria, late sessilia, applanato-cupulata vel patellaria, 0.5-2 mm diametro, disco luteolo, extus albida, sicca disco ochraceo, extus pallide griseolo, dense longipilosa. Excipulum ectale ex textura angularis-globulosa compositur, cellulis 8-12 um in diametro, contento purpureo-fusco. Pili cylindracei, multiseptati, subcrassiter hyalinotunicati, basi contento pallide olivaceo-viride, granulis hyalinis delabentibus incrustati, 80-120 x 3-3.5 um. Asci uncinati, cylindracei, octospori, (85-)90-95(-100) x 5-6.5 um, poro MLZ+. Sporae biseriatae, hyalinae, cylindraceae, curvatae, aseptatae, minute bi- vel multiguttulatae, (14-)16- 21(-24.5) x 1.5-2 tum. Paraphyses anguste lanceolatae, ascos usque ad 15 wm superantes, uniseptatae, 2-3.5 um in diametro. Trichopezizae adenostylidis similis, ascis et sporis longis, et excipulo colorato differt. Holotypus: Arboretum Nationale, Pochon, Korea, ad petiolorum dejectum Juglandis mandschuricae, 12 X 2001, H.D. Shin legit. (TAA-182254 conservatur); isotypus MCKU 011012-4. APOTHECIA scattered to gregarious, broadly sessile. DISC up to 2 mm in diameter, yellowish when fresh, ochraceous when dry. RECEPTACLE shallow cup-shaped to saucer- shaped, with a raised margin, externally whitish when fresh, greyish when dry, densely covered with long whitish to greyish hairs. ECTAL EXCIPULUM well-developed, composed of textura angularis-globulosa, cells isodiametric, 8-12 um diam, hyaline, thin-walled, containing dissolved purplish-brown pigment, which may be present also as intercellular exudate, poorly soluble and 335 Figs 7-10. Trichopeziza juglandis. 7. Ascospores. 8. Two hairs. 9. Two asci and a paraphysis. 10. Excipular cells. Figs 11-14. Ciboria fusispora. 11. Apical parts of two asci. 12. Ascus base with crozier. 13. Ascospores. 14. A fragment of the ectal excipulum. Bar = 20 pm. 336 not changing colour in KOH. MEDULLARY EXCIPULUM composed of textura intricata, hyphae thin, densely interwoven. HAIRS long, cylindric, with obtusely rounded to almost conical tips, multicellular, smooth, with hyaline, moderately thick walls, in KOH having pale olivaceous green content in the basal cells, otherwise hyaline, covered with numerous colourless granules which become easily detached, 80-120 x 3-3.5 um. ASCI arising from croziers, cylindric, 8-spored, apical pore hemiamyloid (type rr) in iodine, always blue in MLZ, (85-)90- 95(-100) x 5-6.5 um. ASCOSPORES biseriate, hyaline, cylindric, curved, aseptate, containing two polar and some dispersed small lipid globules (14-)16-21(-24.5) x 1.5-2 um. PARAPHYSES narrowly lanceolate, exceeding the asci up to 15 zm, uniseptate, 2.5-3 um in diameter. Figs. 7- 10. On fallen petioles of Juglans mandshurica. Specimen examined: National Arboretum, Pochon, Korea, on rotting petioles of Juglans mandshurica, 12 X 2001, coll. H.D. Shin (Holotype in TAA-182254, isotype MCKU 011012-4). Notes: Trichopeziza juglandis is a peculiar species in the genus Trichopeziza. Macroscopically it resembles 7. adenostylidis (Rehm) Raitv., but differs from it in pigmented excipulum and basally pigmented hairs. The purplish-brown pigment in the excipulum suggests affinities to T. araliae Raitv., but in T. juglandis the pigment do not dissolve and turn bright green in KOH as in T. araliae. In the hair basal cells the pigment, however, turns pale olivaceous green. In such combination of characters T. juglandis occupies an intermediate position between white-haired species T. adenostylidis and T. mollissima and dark-haired species turning green in KOH T. araliae and T. meleagris (Ellis) Raitv. The long, slender, curved ascospores of 7. juglandis are unique in the genus. It fruits late in the season and probably for this reason it has been overlooked. It should be looked for in all the area of J. mandshurica. Patellariaceae Rhytidhysteron rufulum (Spreng.: Fr.) Speg, Anales Soc, Ci, Argent 90:177, 1920. ASCOMATA gregarious to scattered, elliptic to circular when young, hysteriform to apothecioid at maturity. DISC up to 2 mm in diameter, brownish yellow with dark brown margin and dark brown outer surface. ASCI cylindric, 8-spored, bitunicate, 174-224 x 11-13 um. ASCOSPORES uniseriate, ellipsoid or oblong, 3-septate, slightly constricted at the septa, obtuse at both ends, dark brown, with slightly granular surface, 28-35 x 10-11 um. PARAPHYSOIDS filiform, multiseptate, hyaline, blue in MLZ, characteristically swollen at the apex up to 3 um, forming a reddish epithecium. Specimen examined: Mt. Halla, Cheju, Korea, on bark of a deciduous tree, 12 VIII 2001, coll. H.D. Shin, MCKU 010812-6. Notes: This species has been described and discussed in detail by Kutorga & Hawksworth (1997). Our material fits well the description of this variable species, with the asci notably narrower. This is the second report of this species in the Asian continent. Stromatiniaceae Ciboria fusispora Spooner, Bibl. Mycol. 116: 312, 1987 APOTHECIA scattered to gregarious, shortly stipitate. DISC 3-5 mm in diameter, saucer-shaped when young, then expanded and flat, yellowish brown when fresh, grayish brown when dry. RECEPTACLE saucer-shaped to disc-shaped, without distinct margin, concolorous with the hymenium when fresh, greyish brown and with strongly incurved margin when dry. ECTAL EXCIPULUM composed of textura globulosa, cells thin-walled, pale brownish. ASCI arising from croziers, cylindric-clavate, 8-spored, 140-160 x 11-14 um, pore long and blue in MLZ. ASCOSPORES hyaline, ellipsoid-fusoid, with tapered ends, which are rounded in KOH, and somewhat pointed in MLZ,, with one large or 2-3 lipid guttules of different size, 21-31 x 7-8 um. PARAPHYSES filiform, hyaline, slightly exceeding the asci, with obtuse tips, ca. 1.5 um wide. Figs. 15-18. Specimen examined: Kangnung, Korea, on damp rotten wood, 7 IX 2001, coll. H.D. Shin, Rae MCKU 010907-18. Notes: Baral et al.( 1999) suggested that this species might probably belong to Tatraea. Our observations show that it has much thicker ascus apex and a longer pore, up to 5 um long in fully mature ascus, which is clearly different from the shorter and wider pore of Tatraea species, and it closely resembles the ascus apical pore in typical members of the Stromatiniaceae. Ciboria salmonea Raitv. & H.D. Shin species nova Apothecia dispersa, gregaria vel caespitosa, breviter stipitata, patellaria, 3-6 mm diametro, hymenio salmonea vel pallide brunneo-vinacea, sicca purpureo brunnea vel purpureo fusca, extus cinnamomeo-aurantiaca, sicca fusca. Excipulum ectale ex textura globulosa compositur, cellulis hyalinis usque ad rufo-brunneis. Asci non uncinati, cylindraceo-clavati, octospori, 95- 115 x 7.5-10 pm. Sporae uniseriatae, ellipsoideo-fusoideae, inequi-laterales, hyalinae, uniguttulatae, 15-18 x 5-6 um. Paraphyses filiformes, ad basim ramosae, septatae, apicibus obtusis, 2 um in diametro. Ad lignum putridum quercinum crescit. Ciboriae fusisporae Spooner similis, sporis minoribus differt. Holotypus: Mons Halla, Cheju, Korea, ad lignum putridum humidum quercinum, 14 VIII 2001, H.D. Shin legit. (TAA-182255 conservatur); isotypus MCKU 010814-19. APOTHECIA scattered to gregarious or densely clustered, shortly stipitate. DISC 3-6 mm in diameter, flat, salmon-coloured, sometimes with a purplish or brownish vinaceous tint when fresh, purplish brown to dark purplish brown when dry. RECEPTACLE saucer-shaped to disc- shaped, without distinct margin, brownish orange when fresh; with strongly incurved margin and dark brown when dry. ECTAL EXCIPULUM 50-80 um thick, composed of textura globulosa, cells 7.5-14 um in diameter, hyaline to reddish-brown. Outer surface of ectal excipulum covered with short triangular tufts of dark brown hair-like hyphae. MEDULLARY EXCIPULUM 50-60 um thick, composed of hyaline textura porrecta. ASCI arising from simple septa, cylindric- clavate, 8-spored, 110-115 x 7.5-10 um, with a long and narrow pore blue in MLZ. ASCOSPORES uniseriate, hyaline, ellipsoid-fusoid, mostly inequilateral, with tapered ends rounded in KOH, and slightly pointed in MLZ, containing one large lipid globule, 15-18 x 5-6 um. PARAPHYSES filiform, hyaline, branched at the base, septate, obtuse at the end, ca. 2 um wide. Figs. 15-18. On rotten wood of Quercus sp. Specimen examined: Mt. Halla, Cheju, Korea, on damp rotten wood of Quercus sp., 14 VII 2001, coll. H.D. Shin (Holotype TAA-182255, isotype MCKU 010814-19). Notes: Ciboria salmonea is similar to C. fusispora Spooner. Macroscopically, it differs from the latter in bigger apothecia which have vinaceous to purplish tint. Microscopically, the ascospores of C. salmonea are considerably smaller. Dicephalospora rufocornea (Berk. & Broome) Spooner, Bibl. Mycol. 116: 272, 1987. APOTHECIA scattered, stipitate. DISC 1-3 mm in diameter, yellow, saucer- shaped to nearly flat. RECEPTACLE cupulate to discoid, yellowish orange, smooth. STIPE central, 1-2 mm long, cylindric or slightly tapered at the base, concolorous with the receptacle, base black. ASCI arising from small inconspicuous croziers, cylindric, 8-spored, 122-146 x 9-12 um, apical pore blue in MLZ. ASCOSPORES biseriate or irregularly biseriate, 28-50 x 4-5 um, hyaline, containing a row of large lipid guttules, slightly curved, cylindric-fusoid, with an obconical gelatinous collar at the ends. PARAPHYSES hyaline, filiform, slightly exceeding the asci, ca. 2 um wide, slightly enlarged at the apex, often branched at the lower part. ECTAL EXCIPULUM composed of textura prismatica, cells hyaline, thick-walled. Specimens examined: Mt. Chiri, Hamyang, Korea, on dead branch of a deciduous tree, 13 VII 2001, coll. H.D. Shin, MCKU 010713-1; National Arboretum, Pochon, Korea, on dead branch of a deciduous tree, 26 VII 2001, coll. H.D. Shin, MCKU 010726-1. Notes: This conspicuous species on forest debris is common and abundant in Korea, probably the most common species of Helotiales. It has a rather complicated nomenclatural history B39 (Dumont, 1980) and we agree with Spooner (1987) that it should be placed in the genus Dicephalospora Spooner. The ascus and spore size is very variable and the Korean material differs slightly from Australasian material (Spooner, 1987) by having shorter asci and longer ascospores but agrees with Dumont (1980). Lanzia eburnea Raitv. & H.D. Shin species nova Apothecia dispersa, gregaria vel caespitosa, breviter stipitata, vadoso infundibuliformia, 1-2 mm diametro, tota albida. Stipes obconicus, basi nigrificatus. Excipulum ectale ex textura prismatica compositur, cellulis hyalinis, subcrassiter tunicatis, 10.5-16.5 x. 5-10 pm. Asci uncinati, cylindraceo-clavati, octospori, 65-80 x 9-12.5 ym. Sporae uniseriatae vel biseriatae, ellipsoideae, hyalinae, minute biguttulatae, 9-14 x 3.5-5 mm. Paraphyses filiformes, septatis, apicibus obtusis, 2-2.5 um in diametro. 19 Ga R 21 \ ( | Figs 19-21. Lanzia eburnea. 19. A fragment of excipulum. 20. Ascospores. 21. Two asci (left in KOH, right in MLZ) and a paraphysis. Bar = 20 pm. 340 Ad lignum putridum frondosarum crescit. Lanziae albo-atrae (P. Hennings) Dumont similis, ascis brevibus, apotheciis non nigrescentibus et substratis lignicolis differt. Holotypus: Kangnung, Korea, ad ramum putridum ftrondosarum, 19 X 2001, H.D. Shin legit. (TAA-182256 conservatur), isotypus MCKU 011019-10. APOTHECIA arising from small stromatic patches in substrate, scattered to gregarious or clustered, stipitate. DISC 1-2 mm in diameter, snow-white. RECEPTACLE shallow funnel- shaped, white. STIPE short, up to 1 mm long, obconical, white with a blackish base. ECTAL EXCIPULUM composed of textura prismatica, cells hyaline, firm-walled, 10.5-16.5 x 5-10 um. ASCI arising from croziers, cylindric-clavate, 8-spored, 65-80 x 9-12.5 um, apical pore faintly blue in MLZ. ASCOSPORES uniseriate or irregularly biseriate, ellipsoid, hyaline, containing two small polar or several lipid guttules, becoming 1-septate at maturity, 9-14 x 3.5-5 um. PARAPHYSES filiform, obtuse at the end, hyaline, 2-2.5 um wide, septate. Figs. 19-21. On rotting deciduous wood. Specimen examined: Kangnung, Korea, on rotting branch of a deciduous tree, 19 X 2001, coll. H.D. Shin (Holotype TAA-182256, isotype MCKU 011019-10). Notes: The closest species to Lanzia eburnea is L. albo-atra (P. Hennings) Dumont described as ocurring on fallen leaves from South Brasil (Dumont, 1981). They are similar in the structure of ectal excipulum and spore shape. L. eburnea has, however, considerably shorter asci, smaller ascospores, apothecia remaining white when dry, and it grows on wood. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was partly supported by the scientist exchange program of KISTEP (Korea Institute of Science & Technology Evaluation and Planning). The senior author is grateful to Estonian Science Foundation for partially supporting the study by grant no. 4078. The junior author expresses thanks to Miss H.J. Lee for helping in the collecting and preserving of specimens. The authors are thankful to Dr. Sharon Cantrell for useful suggestions and linguistic help. REFERENCES Baral, H.O., Galan, R., Krisai-Greilhuber, I., Mato@ec, N. and Palmer, J.T. 1999. Tatraea dumbirensis, new records of a rare leotialean discomycete in Europe. Osterr. Z. Pilzk. 8: 71- 82. Dumont, K.P. 1980. Sclerotiniaceae XVI. On Helotium rufo-corneum and Helotium fraternum. Mycotaxon 12: 255-277. Dumont, K.P. 1981. Leotiaceae II. A preliminary survey of the neotropical species referred to Helotium and Hymenoscyphus. Mycotaxon 12: 313-371. Kirk, P.M., Cannon, P.F., David, J.C. and Stalpers, J.A. 2001. Ainsworth & Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi. 9th edition. CAB International, Wallinford, 655 pp. Kutorga, E. and Hawksworth, D.L. 1997. A reassessment of the genera referred to the family Patellariaceae (Ascomycota). Systema Ascomycetum 15(2): 1-110. Lee, T.S. and Lee, J.Y. 2000. Rearranged list of mushrooms recorded in Korea. Korea Forest Research Institute. 87 pp. Spooner, B.M. 1987. Helotiales of Australasia: Geoglossaceae, Orbiliaceae, Sclerotiniaceae, Hyaloscyphaceae. Bibl. Mycol. 116: 1-711. \ MY COTAXON Volume LXXXV, pp. 341-344 January-March 2003 A NEW SPECIES OF MEMNONIELLA FROM INDIA T. S. KESHAVA PRASAD, L. G. ASHA and D. J. BHAT Department of Botany, Goa University, Goa-403 206, India. ABSTRACT A new species of Hyphomycetes, Memnoniella indica, isolated from decaying leaves of an unidentified dicot plant from the forests of Andaman Islands, India, is described and illustrated. The fungus produces catanulate, globose, verruculose, dark brown conidia on monophialidic, discrete, hyaline conidiogenous cells and short, partly hyaline, determinate, branched, septate, mononematous conidiophores. It is distinguished from the known species of Memnoniella on the basis of morphology and dimension of conidiophores and conidia. A key to the species of Memnoniella is given. Key words: tropical fungi, hyphomycetes, Andaman Islands, biodiversity INTRODUCTION During studies on the taxonomy and diversity of microfungi of the forests of India, an interesting hyphomycete producing dark brown, verruculose, aseptate, spherical conidia with a hyaline minute basal papilla, developing on monophialidic, discrete, hyaline conidiogenous cells and short, partly hyaline, thick-walled, septate, branched, mononematous conidiophores was isolated in culture from fallen and decaying leaves of an unidentified dictot plant from the forests of Andaman Islands, India. The fungus is described here as a new species of the genus Memnoniella Hohnel. Litter samples collected from the forests of Andaman Islands were air-lifted to Goa and immediately incubated in sterile moist chambers in the laboratory for about two weeks. Pure culture of the fungus was established by single spore isolation on to malt extract agar medium. The sporulating colonies of the fungus were mounted in lactophenol, examined under an Olympus bright field research microscope, and illustrated using a drawing tube fitted to the microscope unit. TAXONOMIC PART Memnoniella indica sp. nov. (Fig.1) Ad fungos conidiales pertinens. Coloniae effusae, cum rotundus marginis, subhyalina ad brunneae, usque 3 cm in MEA in 7 dies. Mycelium partim superficiale, partim immersum, ex hyphis septatis, ramosis, hyalinis vel pallide brunneis 2.5-3.5 um lat. compositum. Conidiophora mononematosa, erecta, septata, ramosa, crassitunicata, infra hyalina et levia ad supra pallide fusca et verruculosa, 35-75 um longa, 5-5 um lat. ad basim, 3-4 um ad ramosis et usque | um ad extremum distalis; Cellulae conidiogenae 342 Fig. 1. Memnoniella indica sp. nov.: a. Branched conidiphores with conidia, b. Conidiogenous cells with attached conidial chains, c. Conidia. 343 monophialidicae, discretae, terminalis, ellipsoidea ad pyriforma, levis, hyalina ad atrobrunnea, 5-10 x 5-7 wm. Conidia catenata, globosa, aseptata, verrucosa, crassitunicata, atrobrunnea to nigra, 5-6 1m in diam. HOLOTYPUS, In foliis putrescentibus dicota, Andaman Islands, India, 20" January 2001, leg. Rajiv Kumar, Herb. No. IMI 389316. Terrestrial litter hyphomycete. Colonies effuse, flat, with a circular margin, subhyaline to brown, attaining a diam. of 3 cm on MEA after 7 days. Mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed, composed of septate, branched, colourless to pale brown hyphae 2.5- 3.5 um wide. Conidiophores mononematous, erect, septate, branched, thick-walled, colourless and smooth below and slightly pigmented and minutely verrucose in the above half, with the tip of the stipe tapering into a pointed and fragile end on which groups of 3-7 phialides arise, 35-75 tum long, 3.5-5 um wide at the base and up tol pm at the pointed end. Conidiogenous cells monophialidic, discrete, terminal, 3-7 on each conidiophore tip, ellipsoidal to pyriform, without collarette, smooth, hyaline, 5-10 x 5-7 um. Conidia catenate, spherical, with a minute basal papilla, aseptate, verrucose, thick walled, dark brown to black, 5-6 um in diam. The genus Memnoniella Hohnel, typified by M. echinata (Riv.) Galloway, is characterized by production of catenate, simple, spherical to sub-spherical, grey to black conidia on discrete phialides, usually with a small opening and without a collarette, in groups of up to 10 at the apices of mononematous, unbranched and occasionally forked conidiophores which are sometimes inflated at the apex, grey to brown, smooth, minutely verruculose and often covered in part with dark granules (Ellis, 1971). In addition to the type, 5 species of Memnoniella have been described. M. stilboidea (Munjal & Kapoor) M.B. Ellis and M. leprosa Castaneda possess scattered synnema whereas all the other species have mononematous conidiophores. While the former produces verruculose dark brown to blackish brown spherical conidia of 4-5.5 um, the latter gives rise to 7-12 um globose conidia with an upper dark brown thick-walled portion and lower pale to olivaceous brown comparatively thin-walled region (Ellis, 1976; Castaneda, 1986). Ellis (1971) maintained M. echinata and M. aterrima Hohnel & Mazzuchetti as synonyms. M. zingiberis Vasant Rao with verrucose dark conidia of 4-7 um differs from M. echinata in having very short conidiophores and more phialides, besides being a pathogen on rhizomes of Zingiber officinale Rose (Rao, 1963). M. subsimplex (Cooke) Deighton produces spherical to sub-spherical, dark brown, verrucose (with widely spaced large warts), 6-9 um diam. conidia. M. levispora Subram. produces smooth and 4-6 um diam. conidia. M. indica produces catenate conidia on thin-walled phialides which often hang or swivel on thick-walled, branched condiophores with pointed tips. A taxonomic key is proposed to delineate species of the genus Memnoniella. ie ONIGIOM ALAS VONEIMALOUSEs te ce onda eae eater mene ate neon Crees. 2 PCeOniciOmatasmONONCIMALOUS 4. cyan skGt cea aes ane tae een ee eect aoa res eee 3 2. Conidia verruculose, 4-5.5 um------------------------------------------------- M. stilboidea 2. Conidia verrucose, leprose, 7-12 uum---------------------------------------------- M. leprosa 3. Conidia 6-9 tum in diam.------------------------------------------------------- M. subsimplex BrConidia jess ithan:G pimanidiames fou. snes nian esa acct se dems eater ss. + 344 4. Condia smooth, 4-6 [IM---------------------------------------------------------- M. levispora AY Condia' verrucase! 28 b 0.2 oven. ueee tee as PMN a), Sa Mc os TOTS TMC AEE ee Mere ee 5 5. Conidiophore tip tapered to a narrow point--------------------------------------- M. indica 5, Condiophore:tip mflated 7a See et Ee TO ee eee Nene ee eats 6 6. Conidiophore 50-100 um, Phialides in groups of 4-8, 7-9 x 3-5 um --------------------------- M. echinata (=M. aterrima) 6. Conidiophore 37-50 um, Phialides in groups of 8-14, 6.3-14.7 x 4.2-5.2 um ---------------------------------------- M. zingiberis ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work is supported by a research grant to Dr. D. J. Bhat from the Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India, New Delhi. We are indebted to Prof. Roger D. Goos, University of Rhode Islands, for kindly reviewing the manuscript. LITERATURE CITED CASTANEDA, R.F. 1986. Fungi Cubense. “Alejandro de Humboldt”. la Habana, Cuba. ELLIS, M.B. 1971. Dematiatious Hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, England. ; ELLIS, M.B. 1976. More Dematiatious Hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, England. MATSUSHIMA, T. 1975. [cones Microfungorum A Matsushima Lectorum, Matsushima. Kobe, Japan. RAO, V. 1963. Some new records of Fungi-Imperfecti from India. Sydowia 16: 41-45. MY COTAXON Volume LXXX, pp. 345-356 January-March 2003 SAPROBIC FUNGI ON DEAD WILD BANANA W. Photita’, P. Lumyong’, E.H.C. McKenzie*, K.D. Hyde‘ and S. Lumyong! ‘Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand "Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand ‘Centre for Research in Fungal Diversity, Department of Ecology & Biodiversity, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Abstract Saprobic fungi associated with dead tissue of Musa acuminata from five sites at Doi Suthep Pui National Park, Thailand were investigated. Nine hundred collections of decaying Musa were examined and 80 fungal species were identified, comprising 7 ascomycetes, 2 basidiomycetes and 71 anamorphic fungi (4 coelomycetes and 67 hyphomycetes). The most commonly encountered species were Periconia digitata, Verticillium tenuissimum, Memnoniella subsimplex and Pseudobotrytis terrestris, which were represented by 32%, 19%, 15% and 14% of the total collections, respectively. The site of collection did not significantly affect fungal species composition. However, the fungal communities on leaves were markedly different from those on petioles and pseudostems. Keywords ascomycetes; basidiomycetes; biodiversity; anamorphic fungi; Musa acuminata. Introduction Several taxonomic studies have been carried out of fungi on banana (e.g. Matsushima, 1971; Photita et al., 2001a) including endophytic fungi (Brown et al., 1998; Photita et al., 2001b). Photita et al. (2001a) examined fungi on Musa acuminata in Hong Kong and provided an annotated checklist of all fungi described from the Musaceae (Photita et al., 2001c). Recent intensive studies of microfungi on plants in the tropics have included those on bamboo (Hyde et al., 2001), palms (Hyde & Alias, 2000), grasses (Wong & Hyde, 2001) and Pandanaceae (Whitton et al., 1999a, b; 2000a,b; 2001) and these provide important data for the “fungal estimates” debate (Hawksworth, 1991; Hyde 2001). The present study was initiated in order to complement these studies by examining and comparing the fungi on a herbaceous host, Musa acuminata in different tissues and different sites at Doi Suthep Pui National Park, Thailand. Materials and Methods Nine hundred samples of dead banana tissue were collected from four sites at Doi Suthep Pui National Park: Ban Suthep (sitel, 350 m above sea level), Montatarn waterfall (site2, 600 m above sea level), Medicinal Plant Garden (site3, 1200 m above sea level), San Gu Region (site4, 1400 m above sea level), and one site at Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden (site5, 600 m above sea level). Samples were collected from each site every three months during 1999 to 2000. At each sampling period and each site, 10 randomly selected decaying leaf (10 x 10 cm), 10 decaying petiole and 10 decaying pseudostem samples (each 10 cm long) were collected from different individual banana plants. A three dimensional correspondence ordination analysis was performed to examine the difference in fungal taxa and communities from different sites and tissue types. 346 Each piece of petiole, pseudostem and leaf was placed in an individual plastic box, incubated in the laboratory and examined within one week of collection. The fungi were identified to species level where possible using standard literature, e.g. Ellis (1971, 1976) and Sutton (1980). Herbarium material is deposited at Chiang Mai University (CMU) and Landcare Research herbaria (PDD) and cultures are deposited at Biotech Culture Collection. Results Eighty fungal species were identified, comprising 7 ascomycetes, 2 basidiomycetes and 71 anamorphic fungi (4 coelomycetes and 67 hyphomycetes) (Table 1). The most common species were Periconia digitata (on 32% of samples), Verticillium tenuissimum (19%), Memnoniella subsimplex (15%) and Pseudobotrytis terrestris (14%). Periconia digitata was the most common species on banana samples from site3, site4 and site5, being found on 50%, 25% and 50% of samples, respectively. Zygosporium oscheoides was the most common species from sitel, while Verticillium tenuissimum was the most commonly encountered species from site2. Overlap of taxa from the five sites was 24% (Table 1) with 16 species being found at all sites. Basidiomycete sp. 1, Diplodia sp., Eupenicillium sp. and Tetraploa aristata were found only at sitel; Stachybotrys nephrospora was found only at site2; Colletotrichum musae, Cordana musae, Helminthosporium velutinum, Pseudocercospora sp. and Sporidesmium aquaticum were found only at site3; Ophiobolus sp., Hyphomycete sp. 5 and Sporoschisma saccardoi were found only at siteS; and Basidiomycete sp. 2 was found only at site4. Results of the three dimensional correspondence analysis are shown in Figurel. Percentage of total variance explained by the model is 87 %. The site of collection did not significantly affect fungal species compositions. However, tissue types was found to have the strongest influence on the fungal communities. This is indicated by clusters formed by samples on the leaves, petioles and pseudostems (Fig. 1). The fungal communities on leaves were markedly different from those on petioles and pseudostems, indicated by the separation of leaf sample fungi to the left of Fig. 1. Anthostomella clypeoides, Cladosporium cladosporioides, C. musae, Exserohilum cf. halodes, Hansfordia ovalispora, Helminthosporium velutinum, Mycosphaerella sp., Periconia lateralis and Pseudocercospora sp. were found only on leaves. The fungi on the petioles and pseudostems were more similar to each other, than those on the leaves, fungal communities but they also formed distinct communities (circled in Fig. 1). Colletotrichum musae, Hemicorynespora mitrata and Helicomyces macrofilamentosus were found only on petioles, while Eupenicillium sp. and Dictyosporium heptasporum were found only on pseudostems (Table 1). While most of the fungi can be regarded as saprobes, several species, which are weak pathogens on banana, were found to persist as saprobes on the dead banana tissues. These include Cladosporium musae, Cordana musae and Periconiella musae. Discussion Biodiversity and host specificity In this study, 80 taxa of fungi were identified on 900 samples of Musa acuminata collected in Thailand. The data can be compared with results from a similar study in Hong Kong, where Photita et al. (2001a) identified 46 fungi from a total of 1125 samples (375 leaves, 375 petioles and 375 pseudostems) of the same host. The overlap in taxa occurring on M. acuminata in Hong Kong and Thailand is low at 12%. Fifteen fungal species have also been identified on M. acuminata and four on M. paradisiaca in Papua-New Guinea and the Solomon Islands (Matsushima, 1971). Only three of these species were also found in the present study. The data suggests that the fungi involved in the degradation of M. acuminata plant organs may differ from one country to another. 347 The fungi recorded on M. acuminata in Thailand can also be compared with those recorded on other monocotyledous plants. Frohlich & Hyde (1999) identified 242 fungal taxa from six individual Licuala ramsayi palm from Australia. Only one of these taxa was found on M. acuminata in the present study. Yanna ef al. (2001b) found 288 fungal taxa on various decaying palm fronds in Australia, Brunei and Hong Kong, while Hyde et al. (2001) identified 82 taxa from bamboo culms. Two and nine taxa, respectively, recorded in these studies were also found in the present study. Wong & Hyde (2001) identified 195 taxa from six grass and one Fig. 1. Three dimensional correspondence ordination of taxa and fungal communities recorded from leaves (L), petioles (P) and pseudostems (PS) of Musa acuminata from five sites (Site1, 2, 3, 4, 5) at Doi Suthep Pui National Park. sedge species in Hong Kong and 16 species overlapped with the present study. With the exception of bamboo samples, the fungal diversity on banana is generally lower than on other monocotyledonous hosts. This may be due to the herbaceous nature of the banana tissues. Wong & Hyde (2001) found that grasses offering more durable, strongly sclerenchymatous substrata (i.e. woody) tended to support a higher fungal diversity. Hyde et al. (1997) also reported similar trends in palms and this has also been reported for other plants (Jones et al., 1988; Sadaba ef al., 1995). The overlap of fungi occurring on M. acuminata, with those recorded from other hosts is low. This may be influenced by climate and geographical distribution, and/or host- specificity and host-recurrence of the fungi (Zhou & Hyde, 2001). Saprobic fungi are unlikely to be host specific and, therefore, host specificity is unlikely to influence saprobic fungal diversity. An important factor that may influence the biodiversity of saprobic fungi on various hosts is therefore host-recurrence. The reasons as to why fungi may occur recurrently on certain hosts is not understood, but may be related to the presence of these fungi as endophytes. Tissue specificity Different fungal communities were found on leaves, petioles and pseudostems of dead banana. The recurrence of fungi on certain tissue types has also been shown with palms (Yanna et al., 2001a,b). The petioles of palms differ from the leaves as they have more concentrated supportive 348 tissue and the outer region is composed of a sclerenchyma with associated bundles (Tomlinson, 1990). These structural differences may account for the fungi confined to specific tissues as some fungi may have enzyme systems that can degrade the sclerenchyma tissues containing lignin, while others only degrade cellulose. Fungal tissue recurrence has also been reported with other hosts (Hyde et al., 1994; Poon & Hyde, 1998; Yanna ef al., 2001a,b). Poon & Hyde (1998) found that fungi on Phragmites australis were vertically distributed. There were more ascomycetes on the lower culm tissues comprising sclerenchyma, and more anamorphic taxa on the upper herbaceous tissues. This may however, have been influenced by moisture as the bases were submerged. Sadaba et al. (1995) found different fungal communities on herbaceous and woody parts of Acanthus ilicifolius (Acanthaceae), more ascomycetes occurring on the lower woody part and more anamorphic taxa on the upper herbaceous parts. The preference of certain fungi for different tissue types may be due to differences in nutritional requirements, or the ability of the fungi to utilize different substrates (Adaskaveg et al., 1991; Ingold & Hudson, 1993). Alternatively, it may be related to the distribution of endophytes, a theory which requires testing. Unfortunately most endophytes are common coelomycetes such as Colletotrichum spp., or sterile mycelia and it not possible at this stage to compare the results with those of Photita et al. (2001b). The enzymatic activities of these fungi also warrants further investigation in order to understand whether their abundance on specific tissue types is due to differing enzymatic capabilities (Yanna et al., 2001a,b). Abundance of anamorphic fungi Anamorphic fungi were the most frequently recorded taxa at all sites. Several hyphomycetes encountered in this study have been previously recorded on Musa species (Ellis, 1971, 1976; Matsushima, 1971; Photita et al., 2001c). These fungi can also occur on large woody monocotyledons, e.g. Pandanaceae (McKenzie & Hyde, 1997). Anamorphic taxa were also the most frequently recorded fungi on other monocotyledonous hosts (e.g. bamboo; Hyde et al., 2001; grasses, Wong & Hyde, 2001; palms; Yanna et al., 2001a,b). Banana plant tissues are herbaceous and decay rather quickly. The fungi on banana tissues therefore need to sporulate rapidly in order to disperse their spores before the tissues completely break down. Anamorphs generally sporulate more quickly than teleomorphs. Both black sigatoka (Mycosphaerella fijiensis) and yellow sigatoka (Mycosphaerella musae) disease of banana produce the anamorph on banana tissues several days before the teleomorph (Stover, 1980). Most anamorphic taxa will usually sporulate in culture within one week to a month, while the teleomorph may take considerably longer or often fails to sporulate (Hyde et al., 1987). This may account for the dominance of anamorphic taxa found on herbaceous tissues in this study. Plant pathogens Some fungi, e.g. Cladosporium musae, Colletotrichum musae, Cordana musae, Deightoniella torulosa and Periconiella musae, which are believed to be banana pathogens (Holliday, 1980) were identified as saprobes in this study. Some saprobes can also be facultative parasites. Fungal numbers Estimates of fungal diversity are important in order to appreciate the value of threatened natural habitats. Hawksworth (1991) used amongst other data, a ratio of approximately six fungal species to every vascular plant species in order to estimate fungal species numbers worldwide. The figure of 1.5 million used data from comparatively well-known temperate ecosystems, but recent data from the tropics (e.g. Frohlich & Hyde, 1999; Wong & Hyde, 2001; Yanna et al., 2001a,b) appear to support these estimates. In the present study there was low overlap between species (24%) at the five sites studied and this has important implications for diversity estimates as different fungi were found at different sites. Site III had the highest number of fungal taxa. This might be related to the density of forest, and consequently all year round high humidity (80-90%). 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It is likely that this results from different environmental conditions (Alias et al., 1995; Hyde & Lee, 1995). Comparing fungi on the palm Archontophoenix alexandrae in Hong Kong, North Queensland and Malaysia, Taylor e¢ al. (2000) found very few overlapping fungi. The differences in fungal communities were probably a result of removal of the host from its natural habitat as the host is not endemic to Hong Kong or Malaysia. Fungal tissue-specificity must also be important in estimating fungal diversity, as a ratio of six fungi to each host plant is easier to obtain if the fungi on different plant organs also differ. Acknowledgements The Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program under The Thailand Research Fund provided funds for this research. A. Nuangmek is thanked for help during sampling. The Multiple Cropping Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University provided laboratory facilities. We thank Dr J. Taylor for helpful comments and for critically reading the manuscript. W.H. Ho is thanked for help with statistics. References Adaskaveg, J.E.; Blanchette, R.A.; Gilbertson, R.L. 1991. Decay of date palm wood by white-rot and brown-rot fungi. Canadian Journal of Botany 69: 615-629. Alias, S.A.; Kuthubutheen, A.J.; Jones, E.B.G. 1995. Frequency of occurrence of fungi on wood in Malaysian mangroves. Hydrobiologia 295: 97-106. Brown, K.B.; Hyde, K.D.; Guest, D.I. 1998. Preliminary studies on endophytic fungal communities of Musa acuminata species complex in Hong Kong and Australia. - Fungal Diversity 1: 27-51. Ellis, M.B. 1971. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew. UK. Ellis, M.B. 1976. More Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, UK. Frohlich, J.; Hyde, K.D. 1999. Biodiversity of palm fungi in the tropics; are global diversity estimates realistic? Biodiversity and Conservation 8: 977-1004. Hawksworth, D.L. 1991. The fungal dimension of biodiversity: magnitude, significance, and conservation. Mycological Research 95: 641-655. Holliday, P. 1980. Fungus Diseases of Tropical Crops. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Hyde, K.D. 2001. Where are the missing fungi? Does Hong Kong have the answers? Mycological Research 105: 1514-1518. | Hyde, K.D.; Chalermpongse, A.; Boonthavikoon, T. 1994. The distribution of intertidal fungi on Rhizophora apiculata. \n: Proceedings of the International Conference on the Marine Biology of Hong Kong and the South China Sea, Hong Kong 1990 (B. Morton Ed.). Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong: 643-652. Hyde, K.D.; Farrant, C.A.; Jones, E.B.G. 1987. Isolation and culture of marine fungi. Botanica Marina 30: 291-303. Hyde, K.D.; Alias, S.A. 2000. Biodiversity and distribution of fungi associated with decomposing Nypa fruticans. Biodiversity and Conservation 9: 393-402. Hyde, K.D.; Lee, S.Y. 1995. Ecology of mangrove fungi and their role in nutrient cycling. What gaps occur in our knowledge? Hydrobiologia 295: 107-118. 356 Hyde, K.D.; Frohlich, J.; Taylor, J.E. 1997. Diversity of ascomycetes on palms in the tropics. In: Biodiversity of Tropical Microfungi (K.D. Hyde Ed). Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong: 141-156. Hyde, K.D.; Ho, W.H.; McKenzie, E.H.C.; Dalisay, T. 2001. Saprobic fungi on bamboo culms. Fungal Diversity 7: 35-48. Ingold, C.T.; Hudson, H.J. 1993. The Biology of Fungi. 6" Edition, Chapman & Hall, London. Jones, E.B.G.; Uyenco, R.; Follosco, P. 1988. Fungi on driftwood collected in the intertidal zone from Philippines. Asian Marine Biology 5: 103-106. Matsushima, T. 1971. Microfungi of the Solomon Islands and Papua-New ee ae Nippon Printing and Publishing Co., Osaka, Japan. McKenzie, E.H.C.; Hyde, K.D. 1997. Microfungi on Pandanaceae. In: Biodiversity of Tropical Microfungi (K.D. Hyde Ed). Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong: 157-177. Photita, W.; Lumyong, S.; Lumyong, P.; Ho, W.H.; McKenzie, E.H.C.; Hyde, K.D. 2001a. Fungi on Musa acuminata in Hong Kong. Fungal Diversity 6: 99-106. Photita, W.; Lumyong, S.; Lumyong, P.; Hyde, K.D. 2001b. Endophytic fungi of wild banana (Musa acuminata) at Doi Suthep Pui National Park, in Thailand. Mycological Research 105: 1508-1513. Photita, W.; Lumyong, S.; Lumyong, P.; McKenzie, E.H.C.; Hyde, K.D. 2001c. Index of fungi described from ‘Musaceae. Wanye 81: 491-503. Poon, M.O.K.; Hyde, K.D. 1998 Evidence for the vertical distribution of saprophytic fungi on senescent Phragmites australis culms at Mai Po Marshes, Hong Kong. Botanica Marina 41: 285-292. Sadaba, R.B.; Vrijmoed, L.L.P.; Jones, E.B.G.; Hodgkiss, I.J. 1995. Observations on vertical distribution of fungi associated with standing senescent Acanthus ilicifolius stems at Mai Po Mangrove, Hong Kong. Hydrobiologia 295: 119-126. Stover, R.H. 1980. Sigatoka leaf spot diseases of bananas and plantains. Plant Disease 64: 750- 756. Sutton, B.C. 1980. The Coelomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, UK. Taylor, J.E.; Hyde, K.D.; Jones, E.B.G. 2000. The biogeographical distribution of microfungi associated with three palm species from tropical and temperate habitats. Journal of Biogeography 27: 297-310. Tomlinson, P.B. 1990. The Structural Biology of Palms, 1“ edition. Oxford University Press, New York, USA. Whitton, S.R.; Hyde, K.D.; McKenzie, E.H.C. 1999a. Microfungi on the Pandanaceae, a new species of Stictis (Ostropales). Fungal Diversity 2: 169-174. Whitton, S.R.; McKenzie, E.H.C.; Hyde, K.D. 1999b. Microfungi on the Pandanaceae: Troposporopsis gen. nov. Fungal Diversity 3: 173-177. Whitton, S.R.; McKenzie, E.H.C.; Hyde, K.D. 2000a. Dictyochaeta and Dictyochaetopsis species from the Pandanaceae. Fungal Diversity 4: 133-158. Whitton, S.R.; McKenzie, E.H.C.; Hyde, K.D. 2000b. Microfungi on the Pandanaceae: Acrodictys with two new species. Fungal Diversity 4: 159-169. Whitton, S.R.; McKenzie, E.H.C.; Hyde, K.D. 2001. Microfungi on the Pandanaceae: Paraceratocladium seychellarum sp. nov. and review of the genus. Fungal Diversity 7: 175-180. Wong, M.K.M.; Hyde, K.D. 2001. Diversity of fungi on six species of Gramineae and one species of Cyperaceae in Hong Kong. Mycological Research 105: 1485-1491. Yanna; Ho, W.H.; Hyde, K.D. 2001a. Occurrence of fungi on tissues of Livistona chinensis. Fungal Diversity 6: 167-179. Yanna; Ho, W.H.; Hyde, K.D. 2001b. Fungal communities on decaying palm fronds in Australia, Brunei, and Hong Kong. Mycological Research 105: 1458-1471. Zhou, D.Q.; Hyde, K.D. 2001. Host-specificity, host-exclusivity and host-recurrence in saprobic fungi. Mycological Research 105: 1449-1457. rr MY COTAXON Volume LXXXV, pp. 357-370 January-March 2003 NOTES ON HYPHOMYCETES. XC. FUSICLADOSPORIUM, A NEW GENUS FOR CLADOSPORIUM-LIKE ANAMORPHS OF VENTURIA, AND THE PECAN SCAB-INDUCING FUNGUS E. CHRISTOPHER PARTRIDGE AND GARETH MORGAN-JONES Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Alabama 36849, U.S.A. [email: epartrid@acesag.auburn.edu] ABSTRACT A new genus, Fusicladosporium, is named to accommodate Cladosporium caryigenum, the causal organism of pecan scab, and the Cladosporium mitosporic states of Venturia carpophila[C. carpophilum] and Venturia acerina [C. humile]. Comments are made on the morphological disparities between these entities and Cladosporium sensu stricto species, as well as on differences in the respective physiology and resultant habits of the two groups, particularly with regard to plant pathogenicity. Some deliberation on the significance of teleomorph/anamorph connections is offered, including opinions on the current state of the taxonomy of some anamorphs associated with the genera Mycosphaerella and Venturia. The matter of generic concepts and circumscription within the Cladosporium complex is further revisited. KEYWORDS: Fusicladium, Karakulinia, maple scab, peach scab, generic concepts. INTRODUCTION Among the most ubiquitous, commonly-encountered and best known of the wide variety of acropetally catenate Hyphomycete form-genera is Cladosporium Link, an anamorph genus whose taxonomy has, during the course of the past several decades, been in a state of considerable flux as a result of differing opinions as to its conceptualization and definition. Well over five hundred specific epithets have been established in Cladosporium 358 since its inception in 1815 by Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link (Morgan-Jones and Jacobsen, 1988; Prasil and de Hoog, 1988). Species of this genus have been described from a broad range of substrates, in many disparate ecological niches, and include both saprotrophic and plant pathogenic forms. The latter, some of which appear to be host-specific, induce various symptoms, including necrotic leaf-spots. The plethora of extant taxa, at least in part, is an outcome of the habit of recognizing novel species purely or mostly on host relationships. There has also been a long history of naming new species without critical regard for the hallmark characteristics of the genus. Many such species have been removed elsewhere but there remain many that are either misplaced or are inappropriately classified because of the long-standing ill-defined nature of the genus. With the adoption of a broad circumscription it has been felt that this genus has become unduly cumbersome, heterogeneous, polyphyletic, and unsatisfactorily defined (von Arx, 1981; McKemy and Morgan-Jones, 1990). Moreover, because of the large number and diverse nature of species accommodated within the genus, a review and revision of both individual entities and of the generic concept has long been overdue. While a true monograph of the genus, involving critical consideration of the status and the typification or lectotypification of numerous species, would be a daunting and perhaps impossible task, due to the number of taxa involved and the doubtful availability and inadequate condition of many type specimens, certain aspects of the genus can be reconsidered with the aim of refining its taxonomy. During the course of the past half century some attempt has been made at more satisfactorily characterizing some of the most frequently encountered taxa, particularly those isolated in axenic culture, and comprehensive, modern documentation of the distinguishing features of such have been published (de Vries, 1952; Morgan-Jones and McKemy, 1990; McKemy and Morgan-Jones, 1990, 199 1a, 1991b, 1992; Ho etal., 1999). Ellis (1971; 1976) provided brief descriptions and illustrations of forty-three species. In a contribution toward a better understanding of some entities included in Cladosporium, David (1997) considered anamorphs classified at one time or other in the genus Heterosporium Klotzsch ex Cooke. In contrast with the view held by von Arx (loc. cit.), Boerema and Hamers (1989), and McKemy and Morgan-Jones (1990) to the effect that Heterosporium should be recognized as a separate genus, David (loc. cit.) followed the decision made by de Vries (loc. cit.), and subsequently adhered to by Ellis (1971, 1976), of regarding it as being congeneric with Cladosporium, though classifying it as a subgenus. In a sensu lato circumscription of Cladosporium the genus contains mitosporic fungi that, although to some extent related phylogenetically, ee) constitute morphologically disparate elements which possess differing physiological capacities indicative of various degrees of genetic distance. As such, as alluded to above, it contains obligate, necrotic leaf spot-inducing plant pathogens as well as saprotrophic forms, of which the type species, Cladosporium herbarum (Pers.) Link, is an example. Anamorphs of both Mycosphaerella Johanson and Venturia Sacc., two genera of the Loculoascomycetes, are classified within Cladosporium sensu lato. The teleomorph of C. herbarum is Mycosphaerella tassiana (De Not.) Johanson [see von Arx (1950), Barr (1958)]. In a narrower, sensu stricto, generic concept, as advocated by von Arx (1983) and McKemy and Morgan-Jones (1990), the generic name Heterosporium is adopted for a morphologically distinct group of species which are the causal organisms of leaf lesions. The teleomorphs connected with these, some of which were originally classified in the genus Didymellina Hohn. [see Jacques (1941)], constitute a distinct group within Mycosphaerella which can be differentiated from other species by ascospore size. Likewise, the anamorphs of Venturia which resemble Cladosporium in having catenate conidia must be recognized as a discrete cluster of taxa. As noted by David (loc. cit.), following the statements made by von Arx (1983) and Morgan-Jones and Jacobsen (1988), the latter anamorphs are an anomaly within Cladosporium because, quite apart from their morphological and physiological peculiarities, the genus is rendered polyphyletic by their inclusion. Given the fact that they comprise a heterogeneous element, as David (loc. cit.) has suggested, they should be transferred out of the genus. These taxa have been classified at various times in Fusicladium Bonord., Karakulinia N.P. Golovina, or Megacladosporium Vienn.-Bourg., but none of these genera can be considered as fully satisfactory and available depositories for them. Neither the type species of Fusicladium, F. pyrorum (Lib.) Fuckel, the anamorph of Venturia pirina Aderh., nor that of Karakulinia, K. cerasi (Rabenh.) N.P. Golovina, the anamorph of Venturia cerasi Aderh., typically form conidia in chains. Since the latter entity fits comfortably within the morphological confines of Fusicladium, Karakulinia must be regarded as a synonym of it (Deighton, 1967). Hughes (1958) specified Megacladosporium pyrorum (Lib.) Vienn.- Bourg., being the first treated among the original taxa, as the lectotype species of the genus Megacladosporium. Since this binomial is based on the same anamorph as that typifying Fusicladium, Megacladosporium is also a synonym of that genus. The anamorphs of Venturia carpophila E.E. Fisher and V. acerina Plakidas ex M.E. Barr are two necrotic leaf spot-inducing entities, occurring on peach and on maple, respectively. Although currently classified as C. carpophilum Thiim. and C. humile Davis, respectively, neither of these fits 360 satisfactorily within a sensu stricto concept of Cladosporium. A similar species, both in morphology and in habit, is Cladosporium caryigenum (Ellis & Lang|l.) Gottwald, the causal organism of pecan scab, which has no known teleomorph. All three resemble Cladosporium herbarum in possessing branched chains of cicatrized conidia, as well as in forming scars at conidiation loci. However, the conidiophores of these species are rather different from those of C. herbarum and similar saprotrophic Cladosporium species, specifically in being typically shorter and more determinate in their growth, with a highly restricted conidiogenous region toward the extreme distal end. Conidiophores commonly occur in caespitose clusters of a few and often originate from stromata or rudimentary stromata. In addition, the conidia of these taxa are readily distinguishable by being more fusiform in shape, compared to those of sensu stricto Cladosporium species, which are typically ellipsoid to subglobose or oblong with obtuse ends. These morphological distinctions, along with the disparities in ecological habits, substrate relationships, and different teleomorph associations where known, clearly justify the segregation of these species in a separate genus. Although undoubtedly having closer phylogenetic affinity with Fusicladium rather than with Cladosporium, these anamorphs differ morphologically from the former genus also to a significant degree, most notably with regard to typically forming conidia in chains, and the degree of development and prominence of conidial scars on conidiophores. On the basis of the existing disconnect between this discrete cluster and Fusicladium sensu stricto, and to refine and improve the taxonomy, a new generic name is proposed below. -TAXONOMIC PART Fusicladosporium Partridge et Morgan-Jones, gen. nov. Coloniae hypophyllae vel epiphyllae, effusae, brunneae vel nigrae. Mycelium partim superficiale, sed in substrato immersum, ex hyphis ramosis, septatis, laevibus, brunneis compositum. Stromata immersa, pseudoparenchymatica, ex cellulis brunneis, isodiametricis composita, vel rudimentaria, vel nulla. Conidiophora macronemata vel semi-macronemata, mononemata vel, erecta, simplicia vel: ramosa, recta vel leviter undulata, cylindrica, septata, laevia vel verrucosa, brunnea. Cellulae conidiogenae polyblasticae, in conidiophoris incorporatae, terminales, indeterminatae. Conidia acropleurogena, holoblastica, in catenis simplicibus vel ramosis acropetis formata, sicca, aseptata vel septata, laevia vel verrucosa, fusiforma vel cylindrica, pallide brunnea vel brunnea. 36] ON eee. ey PSS rite if ny EEN OIA Macnee VUE ESRF a mt oe prer Ut Paco ee SEE cate COMERS! a) aed < ed 4 PIS PUN SEL STS rere ce JoY te Tas idia. iophores and con ilum. Coni ium carpoph ladospor FIGURE 1. Fusic 362 Species typica: Fusicladosporium carpophilum (Thiim.) Partridge et Morgan-Jones. Fusicladosporium Partridge & Morgan-Jones, gen. nov. Colonies hypophyllous or epiphyllous, effuse, brown to black. Mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed, composed of branched, septate, smooth, brown hyphae. Stromata, where present, mostly sub-epidermal, partly epidermal or erumpent, pseudoparenchymatous, composed of brown, thick- walled, more or less isodiametric cells, sometimes rudimentary in development, or absent. Conidophores macronematous or _ semi- macronematous, mononematous or in clusters arising from stromatic hyphae, erect, simple or occasionally branched, straight to somewhat undulate, cylindrical, septate, smooth or occasionally verruculose distally, brown to dark brown, sometimes inflated at the base. Conidiogenous cells polyblastic, integrated, mostly terminal, somewhat indeterminate. Conidia acropleurogenous, holoblastic, in simple or branched acropetal chains, dry, generally unicellular, occasionally 1- or 2-septate, smooth to verruculose, fusiform to cylindrical, pale brown to brown. Fusicladosporium carpophilum (Thim.) Partridge & Morgan-Jones, comb. nov. (Figure 1). = Cladosporium carpophilum Thiim., Osterr. bot. Zeitschr. Dae 2a 87-ie = Fusicladium carpophilum (Thiim.) Oudem., Verh. K. Akad. Wet. 1900:388, 1900. = Megacladosporium carpophilum (Thiim.) Vienn.-Bourg., Les champignons parasites des plantes cultivees 1:489, 1949. = Fusicladium pruni Ducomet, These Fac. Sci. Paris: 137, 1907. = Fusicladium amygdali Ducomet, Annls Ec. natn. Agric. Rennes 4:11, 1911; Teleomorph: Venturia carpophila E.E. Fisher, Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 44:339, 1961. Colonies effuse, olivaceous brown to black. Mycelium partly immersed, partly superficial, composed of 3 to 4 um wide hyphae. Stromata 363 la. . 1 hores and con idiop Fusicladosporium effusum. Con FIGURE 2. 364 absent but with one or more swollen hyphal cells in proximity of conidiophore origin. Conidiophores macronematous or semi-macronematous, mononematous, ascending, more or less erect, straight or somewhat flexuous, mostly simple, smooth, septate, thick-walled, cylindrical, pale to mid brown, generally up to 90 um long, 4 to 6 um wide. Conidiogenous cells polyblastic, integrated, terminal, indeterminate. Conidia acropleurogenous, holoblastic, in simple or branched chains, dry, mostly unicellular, smooth or somewhat verruculose, thick-walled when mature, fusiform or cylindrical with an occasional slight constriction in the middle part, bearing one or more, where ramoconidial in form, protuberant, often wide, thick scars, 10-30 X 4-5 um in size. On peach, plum, apricot and almond trees; cosmopolitan. Specimens examined: on leaves of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, Auburn, Lee County, Alabama, USA, E.C. Partridge, 25 June 1999, AUA; on leaves of P. persica, Shorter, Macon County, Alabama, USA, E.C. Partridge, 6 July 1999, AUA. Fusicladosporium effusum (G. Winter) Partridge & Morgan-Jones, comb. nov. (Figure 2). = Fusicladium effusum G. Winter, J. Mycol. 1:101, 1885. = Fusicladium effusum (G. Winter) Demaree var. carpinum Ellis & Everh., U.S. Dept. Agric., Agric. Handbook No. 165, p. DOW Lose: = Fusicladium caryigenum Ellis & Langl., J. Mycol. 4:124, 1888. = Cladosporium caryigenum (Ellis & Langl.) Gottwald, Mycologia 74:388, 1982. = Cladosporium effusum Demaree, J. Agric. Res. 37:181, 1928. Teleomorph: unknown. Colonies hypophyllous, often coalescing, dark brown to black. Mycelium partly immersed, partly superficial, composed of branched, septate, olivaceous brown to brown, | to 3 um wide hyphae. Stromata variously developed from rudimentary on leaves to relatively well-developed on shucks and twigs. Conidiophores semi-macronematous, ascending, more or less 365 FIGURE 3. Fusicladosporium humile. Conidiophores and conidia. 366 erect, straight or somewhat flexuous, simple or occasionally branched, smooth, septate, rather thick-walled, cylindrical, dark brown, generally up to 150 um long, 3 to 5 um wide. Conidiogenous cells polyblastic, integrated, terminal, indeterminate. Conidia acropleurogenous, holoblastic, in simple or branched chains, dry, mostly unicellular or sometimes uniseptate, smooth, thick-walled, mostly fusiform, bearing one or more protuberant, wide scars, 10-40 X 5-10 um in size. On leaves, nuts, and stems of Carya species; North America. Specimens examined: on leaves and shucks of Carya illinoensis (F.A. Wagenheim) K. Koch, Lee County Road 676, Auburn, Alabama, USA, E.C. Partridge, 1 June 1999, AUA; on leaves of C. illinoensis, Waverly, Lee County, Alabama, USA, E.C. Partridge, 23 May 2002, AUA. Fusicladosporium humile (Davis) Partridge & Morgan-Jones, comb. nov. (Figure 3). = Cladosporium humile Davis, Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci. Arts & Leia gi U2 AION Os Teleomorph: Venturia acerina Plakidas ex M.E. Barr, Can. J. Bot. 46:814, 1968 [see also Mycologia 34:27-37, 1942]. Colonies amphigenous, effuse, olivaceous brown to black. Mycelium partly immersed, partly superficial, composed of branched, septate, light brown, 1 to 3 wm wide hyphae. Stromata usually well-developed. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous where arising from superficial hyphae, or somewhat fasciculate, ascending, more or less erect, straight or somewhat flexuous, often geniculate, mostly simple, smooth, septate, rather thick-walled, cylindrical, mid brown, generally up to 70 um long, 3 to 7 um wide. Conidiogenous cells polyblastic, integrated, terminal, indeterminate. Conidia acropleurogenous, holoblastic, in simple or branched chains, dry, mostly unicellular, sometimes 1- or 2-septate, smooth, typically thick-walled, fusiform or cylindrical with an occasional slight constriction in the middle part, bearing one or more, where ramoconidial in form, protuberant, often wide, thick scars, 18-40 X 4-7 um in size. On leaves of Acer rubrum L. and Acer saccharinum L.; North America. 367 Specimen examined: on leaves of A. rubrum, Auburn, Lee County, Alabama, USA, E.C. Partridge, 5 August 1999, AUA. DISCUSSION As mentioned above, species of Fusicladosporium are morphologically quite distinct from those classified within a sensu stricto generic concept and circumscription of Cladosporium. Such taxa as C. herbarum, the type species of Cladosporium, as well as C. cladosporioides (Fresen.) G.A. de Vries, C. oxysporum Berk. & M.A. Curtis, C. sphaerospermum Penz., and C. tenuissimum Cooke, all exemplify the hallmark features upon which a narrow conception of this otherwise obviously heterogeneous genus is based. These species are characterized by a combination of morphological characters that serve to readily distinguish them from taxa classified in other similar anamorph form-genera. Their conidiophores are typically long and indeterminate, proliferating sympodially from zones of scattered, multiple conidogenous loci, which are often separated by non-fertile lengths. In some taxa conidiogenous loci occur on swollen nodes. Conidia are typically oblong with obtuse ends, and occur in distinct, easily-recognizable, branched chains. These species are primarily and predominantly saprotrophic in habit. Conidiophores of the species removed herein to Fusicladosporium are of a much different form, being more reminiscent of those of Fusicladium. They are typically shorter and more determinate, and proliferate in a somewhat undulating, sympodial nature. Conidiogenous loci are more proximal and localized, typically in one short, defined area toward the apex of the conidiophore. Conidia of Fusicladosporium species are generally fusiform, and form branched chains of a rather different aspect. These species are host- specific plant pathogens. An important consideration in naming this novel genus is the matter of the teleomorph connections of the anamorphs under study. Barr (1958) and Corlett (1988) determined from single ascospore cultures that the anamorph of Mycosphaerella tassiana is probably Cladosporium herbarum, or at least a closely related Cladosporium species. Indeed, many entities classified in Cladosporium have Mycosphaerella teleomorphs. Mycosphaerella is a very large ascomycete genus, containing over six hundred described species, which have been connected to at least twenty different anamorph form- genera. The implications of this fact are enormous, especially when viewed in the context of a genus-for-genus philosophy. Whether Mycosphaerella itself should be split into several additional genera, and whether many of the anamorph genera connected to it should be consolidated, are possibilities. In 368 any case, when the genus-for-genus concept is taken into account, it seems clear that species of Cladosporium should not be connected to more than one teleomorph genus. The establishment of the new genus Fusicladosporium is justified in part by the fact that the two species with known teleomorphs included within it are mitosporic states of Venturia. In essence, its conceptualization to a large extent parallels that of Viennot-Bourgin (1949) when he proposed the generic name Megacladosporium. Since the latter, however, has M. pyrorum as its lectotype species it 1s inappropriate and thereby becomes unavailable for anamorphs which bear conidia in chains. The present authors remain skeptical concerning the usefulness and utility of a subgeneric classification, such as that advocated and adopted by David (loc. cit.) in the case of Cladosporium/Heterosporium, especially where a constant and clear multidimensional discontinuity exists between clusters of taxa. There is little precedence for this in Hyphomycete taxonomy, for a reason. Where there is enough indication of a significant genetic disconnect, the recognition of separate generic status makes eminent good sense and has been a long-standing practice. If consistency and stability are to be achieved and maintained, reality, rather than what David (loc. cit.) referred to as ‘basic genetic potential’, should surely be the overriding criterion for making taxonomic decisions. Hence the decision to establish Fusicladosporium, and the position taken that a strong argument in favor of the maintenance of Heterosporium as a separate genus can still be made. In terms of both phylogenetic precision as well as practicality, the traditional concepts by which form-genera are recognized appear to be still cogent, relevant, tenable, and, certainly, defensible. It should be added that infra- generic/supra-specific categorization has rarely stood the test of time and scrutiny in the classification of anamorphs and there are many examples of generic clusters, such as the Cercospora-complex, where subgeneric compartmentalization could well have been adopted but has never been seriously considered as an useful means of refining the taxonomy and reflecting various degrees of relatedness. In the context of developing a suitable classification for the various known anamorphs of Venturia, the option of bestowing subgeneric status to such a taxon as Fusicladosporium within Fusicladium could perhaps be considered. We remain unconvinced, however, that an useful purpose would be achieved by such an action, given preponderant precedence, beyond indicating an arbitrary level of relatedness. If such a course were to be undertaken, the question of the appropriate taxonomic fate of other form- genera based on anamorphs known to be mitosporic states of Venturia would then arise. In accordance with a genus-for-genus philosophy, should the form- 369 genera Fusicladium, Pollaccia E. Bald. & Cif., and Spilocaea Fr. be regarded as being congeneric, despite the obvious morphological and conidium ontogeny discontinuities existing between them? In which case, Fusicladium itself would, presumably, be relegated to subgeneric status, Spilocaea being the oldest generic name applied to a Venturia anamorph. By the same logic, how would one deal with the multitudinous anamorphic forms, including not only Cladosporium and Heterosporium, but such entities as Cercospora Fresen., Ramularia Unger, and Septoria Sacc. [see von Arx (1983)], produced within the Mycosphaerella-complex? The point must again be made that a practical, usable taxonomy for anamorphs, reflective of morphological disparities and phylogenetic divergence, cannot necessarily be achieved by broadly and arbitrarily conceptualizing form-genera in an attempt to parallel the classification of teleomorphs, especially when the latter is itself in need of refinement. Any attempt to integrate two differently-based classifications which are, by their very nature, fundamentally dissimilar and potentially incompatible, must surely be approached both judiciously and cautiously. ACKNOWLEDGMENT Weare very grateful to Dr. John M. McKemy, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, for reviewing the manuscript. LITERATURE CITED ARX, J.A. von. 1950. Uber die Ascusform von Cladosporium herbarum. Sydowia 4:320- 324. ARX, J.A. von. 1981. The genera of fungi sporulating in pure culture. Ed., J. Cramer, Vaduz, 424 pp. ARX, J.A. von. 1983. Mycosphaerella and its anamorphs. Proc. Konik. Nederl. Akad. Wetens. C 86:15-54. BARR, M.E. 1958. Life history studies of Mycosphaerella tassiana and M. typhae. Mycologia 50:501-513. BOEREMA, G.H. and M.E.C. HAMERS. 1989. Check-list for scientific names of common parasitic fungi. Series 3b: Fungi on bulbs: Amaryllidaceae and Iridaceae. Neth. J. Pl. 95 Supplement 3:1-32. CORLETT, M. 1988. Taxonomic studies in the genus Mycosphaerella. Some species of Mycosphaerella on Brassicaceae in Canada. Mycotaxon 31:59-78. DAVID, J.C. 1997. A contribution to the systematics of Cladosporium. Revision of the fungi previously referred to Heterosporium. Mycol. Pap. 172: 1-157. DEIGHTON, F.C. 1967. Studies on Cercospora and allied genera. II. Passalora, Cercosporidium, and some species of Fusicladium on Euphorbia. Mycol. Pap. 112:1-80. DE VRIES, G.A. 1952. Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Cladosporium Link ex Fr. Diss. Univ. Utrecht, 121 pp. 370 ELLIS, M.B. 1971. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute. 608 pp. ELLIS, M.B. 1976. More Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute. 507 pp. HO, M.H.-M., CASTANEDA, R.F., DUGAN, F.M., and S.C. JONG. 1999. Cladosporium and Cladophialophora in culture: descriptions and an expanded key. Mycotaxon TDAVSS 137: HUGHES, S.J. 1958. Revisiones Hyphomycetum aliquot cum appendice de nominibus rejiciendis. Can. J. Bot. 36:727-836. JACQUES, J.E. 1941. Studies in the genus Heterosporium. Cont. Inst. Bot. Univ. Montreal 39:7-46. McKEMY, J.M. & G.MORGAN-JONES. 1990. Studies in the genus Cladosporium sensu lato. Il. Concerning Heterosporium gracile, the causal organism of leaf spot disease of iris species. Mycotaxon 39: 425-440. McKEMY, J.M. & G. MORGAN-JONES. 1991a. Studies in the genus Cladosporium sensu lato. Ill. Concerning Cladosporium chlorocephalum and its synonym Cladosporium paeoniae, the causal organism of leaf-blotch of peony. Mycotaxon 41: 135-146. McKEMY, J.M. & G. MORGAN-JONES. 1991b. Studies in the genus Cladosporium sensu lato. 1V. Concerning Cladosporium oxysporum, a pulrivorous, predominantly saprophytic species in warm climates. Mycotaxon 41: 397-405. McKEMY, J.M. & G.MORGAN-JONES. 1992. Studies in the genus Cladosporium sensu lato. VII. Concerning Cladosporium cucumerinum, causal organism of crown blight and scab or gummosis of cucurbits. Mycotaxon 43: 163-170. MORGAN-JONES, G. and B.J. JACOBSEN. 1988. Notes on Hyphomycetes. LVIII. Some dematiaceous taxa, including two undescribed species of Cladosporium, associated with biodeterioration of carpet, plaster and wallpaper. Mycotaxon 32: 223-236. MORGAN-JONES, G. and J.M. McKEMY. 1990. Studies in the genus Cladosporium sensu lato. 1. Concerning Cladosporium uredinicola, occurring on telial columns of Cronartium quercuum and other rusts. Mycotaxon 39: 185-202. PRASIL, K. and G.S. DE HOOG. 1988. Variability in Cladosporium herbarum. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 90:49-54. VIENNOT-BOURGIN, G. 1949. Les Champignons Parasites des Plantes Cultivées. 2 vols. Paris: Masson & C*. MY COTAXON Volume LXXXV, pp. 371-391 January-March 2003 NOTES ON HYPHOMYCETES. XCI. PSEUDOACRODICTYS, A NOVEL GENUS FOR SEVEN TAXA FORMERLY PLACED IN ACRODICTYS WILLIAM A. BAKER AND GARETH MORGAN-JONES Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Alabama 36849, U.S.A. ABSTRACT A new generic name is established in which to classify seven species previously accommodated in the broadly conceptualized genus Acrodictys, namely A. appendiculata, A. brevicornuta, A. corniculata, A. deightonii, A. dennisii, A. eickeri, and A. viridescens. This relatively homogeneous cluster of anamorph entities is characterized by production of large, somewhat irregularly shaped, more or less evenly dark-colored, numerous-celled conidia whose septa are orientated obliquely giving a textura angularis type appearence. Six of the taxa are redescribed and illustrated from type specimens and areformated treatment of A. corniculata, based on the original characterization, is included. Additional comments are offered on the diversity of forms found within Acrodictys sensu lato. KEYWORDS: Junewangia, Rhexoacrodictys, generic concepts INTRODUCTION During the course of conducting revisionary studies in the genus Acrodictys M.B. Ellis sensu lato it has become increasingly apparent that the unduly-broad, widely-encompassing generic concept adopted for this entity at and subsequent to its establishment has led to its containing an unacceptably heterogeneous assemblage of anamorphs. As alluded to previously (Baker et al., 2002a, 2002b), a number of what appear to be morphologically discrete clusters of species exist within Acrodictys as historically constituted, making taxonomic revision desirable. As more and 372 more taxa have been added to the genus over the years the apparent discontinuities between these various mitosporic fungi have become more obvious and thereby the necessity of substantive reevaluation has become more urgent. A number of previous authors have also commented on the rather broad generic circumscription of the genus, for example Sutton (1969), Hughes (1979), and Sutton and Alcorn (1984). In this context it should be clearly stated that the present authors take the view that exceedingly-inclusive generic concepts do not necessarily serve an useful purpose, particularly if they are not correctly reflective of relatedness. To meet this need, some progress in this direction has been made with the establishment of the segregate genera Junewangia W.A. Baker & Morgan-Jones and Rhexoacrodictys W.A. Baker & Morgan-Jones (Baker et al., 2002a, 2002b). In addition, a monotypic new genus, Acrodictyella W.A. Baker and Partridge (Baker et al., 2001), was named for an unique taxon which might well, prior to the reconceptualization and consequent recircumscription of Acrodictys, have been placed in it. There remain, however, a large number of taxa whose classification cannot, at present, be regarded as being satisfactory and which must, therefore, eventually be transferred elsewhere. Some mention is made of several peculiarly and singularly unique entities in the discussion below. Among the clusters of species and anomalous taxa not considered in detail hithertofore, is a comparatively homogeneous group characterized by possession of conidia which are relatively large, in some cases somewhat irregularily shaped, numerous-celled, heavily and evenly pigmented, with septa oriented obliquely giving a textura angularis aspect. As conidia of these taxa mature many of their cells become compressed, appreciably contorted, and, in some instances, appear to collapse, resulting in a deformed, dilapidated internal appearance. Moreover, in several species, a tendency for conidia to readily shrivel is apparent. These phenomena may, in part at least, be due to the large conidial surface area and a consequent desiccation factor. An additional distinctive feature is the presence of variously placed conidial appendages in most of the taxa. Conidiophores within this cluster are thick- walled, brown to very dark brown and varying in length, in part dependent upon whether or not any secondary growth occurs in relation to conidiation or somatic regeneration. In general, conidiophore proliferation is infrequent among these species and, in some, nonexistent. Seven species exemplify the characteristics noted above and are considered to be sufficiently different from the type and other members of Acrodictys sensu stricto [see Baker et al., 2002a] to warrant separate recognition. Included are the anamorphs presently classified as Acrodictys appendiculata M.B. Ellis, A. brevicornuta M.B. Ellis, A. corniculata R.F. 373 Castafieda, A. deightonii M.B. Ellis, A. dennisii M.B. Ellis, A. eickeri Morgan-Jones, and A. viridescens B. Sutton & Alcorn. Accordingly, a novel genus is established for them herein and the taxa are redescribed and illustrated from type specimens, with the exception of A. corniculata. A reformatted treatment and somewhat modified illustration of the latter, based upon its original characterization (Castafieda, 1985), is provided. TAXONOMIC PART Pseudoacrodictys W.A. Baker et Morgan-Jones gen. nov. Coloniae effusae, brunneae ad atrae. Mycelium partim superficiale, partim immersum, ex hyphis ramosis, septatis, pallide brunneis, levibus, crassis compositum. Conidiophora macronemata, mononemata, singula vel 2-3 fasciculata, ex terminalibus vel lateribus hypharum oriunda, erecta vel ascendentia, recta vel flexuosa, non-ramosa, laevia, crassi-tunicata, cylindrica, continua vel septata, brunnea ad atrobrunnea, determinata vel indeterminata et proliferationibus terminalibus successivis. Cellulae conidiogenae in conidiophoris incorporatae, terminales, monoblasticae, pallide brunnae vel brunnae, cylindricae, ad apicem truncatae. Conidia holoblastica, acrogena, solitaria, sicca, subsphaeroidea ad late pyriformia ad turbinata, vel irregulata, muriformia, septis numerosis obliquus predita, cum cellulae internae compactae ad compressae, brunnea ad atrobrunnea, aequaliter pigmentifera, laevia, parietibus crassis, et cellula basali truncata, secessio schizolytica; plerumque appendiculata. Species typica: Pseudoacrodictys eickeri (Morgan-Jones) W.A. Baker & Morgan-Jones. Pseudoacrodictys W.A. Baker et Morgan-Jones gen. nov. Colonies effuse, brown to black. Mycelium superficial, partly immersed in the substrate, composed of branched, septate, pale brown to brown, smooth, hyphae. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, single or in loose fascicles of two or three, arising terminally or laterally from the hyphae, erect or ascending, straight or slightly flexuous, simple, smooth, thick-walled, cylindrical, aseptate or septate, brown to dark blackish-brown, determinate and non-proliferating or, more commonly, indeterminate and proliferating percurrently by one or a few successive terminal proliferations. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, monoblastic, pale brown to brown, cylindrical, truncate at the apex following conidium disarticulation. Conidia holoblastic, acrogenous, solitary, dry, subglobose to broadly pyriform to 374 turbinate or somewhat irregularly shaped, dictyosporous, bearing numerous septa arranged in an oblique fashion, with internal cells often becoming compressed and contorted at maturity, brown to dark brown, evenly pigmented, smooth, thick-walled, seceding schizolytically, with or, more rarely, without a distinctly protuberant, cuneate basal cell delimited by a transverse septum; commonly possessing pale brown, aseptate or septate, somewhat hyphae-like, more or less straight, undulate, or uncinate appendages which occasionally break or, when remaining intact, collapse at the thin-walled tip to give a truncate aspect. Etymology: Pseudo Gr., false, et Acrodictys. Pseudoacrodictys appendiculata (M.B. Ellis) W.A. Baker & Morgan- Jones comb. nov. (Figure 1). = Acrodictys appendiculata M.B. Ellis, Mycol. Pap. 1 03238o11 965% Colonies effuse, hairy, brown to black. Mycelium superficial, partly immersed in the substrate, composed of branched, septate, pale brown to brown, smooth, 3-5um wide hyphae. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, single, or less often, in groups of two or three, arising laterally from the hyphae, erect or ascending, straight or slightly flexuous, simple, smooth, thick-walled, cylindrical, aseptate, brown to dark brown, determinate, up to 35um long, 3.5-4um wide, 4-7.5um wide at the base. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, monoblastic, brown to dark brown, cylindrical, truncate at the apex following conidium disarticulation. Conidia holoblastic, acrogenous, solitary, dry, broadly pyriform to turbinate, dictyosporous, with numerous septa arranged in an oblique fashion, with internal cells often becoming stretched, elongated, compressed and, eventually, contorted at maturity, brown to dark brown, evenly pigmented, smooth, thick-walled, 27-45 x 22-30m, seceding schizolytically, with a distinctly protuberant, cuneate, broadly truncate, 3.5-4izm wide basal cell delimited by a transverse septum; bearing 2-4 pale brown, aseptate or septate, more or less straight or gently curved, slightly attenuating, up to 56zm long appendages which are variously placed toward the upper reaches and occasionally break or, when remaining intact, collapse at the thin-walled tip to give a truncate aspect. On dead culms of Oxytenanthera abyssinica Munro; Africa. a3 1a. iophores and conid 1 tys appendiculata. Con Ic FIGURE 1. Pseudoacrod 376 Collection examined: on O. abyssinica, road from Musaia to Okentu, 1 mile north of River Mongo, Sierra Leone, 8 October 1963, P.W. Sellars, IMI 74761b, holotype. To our knowledge, this taxon is known only from its original collection. It is morphologically somewhat similar to Acrodictys eickeri, which is made the type species of Pseudoacrodictys herein. The two entities differ, however, in several respects. The conidia of P. appendiculata are appreciably smaller and appendage placement is more localized than is the case in A. eickeri. Moreover, the aseptate, non-proliferating nature of the conidiophores of P. appendiculata is an added distinction between the two, as is substrate relationship, A. eickeri occurring on dead, decorticated twigs. Pseudoacrodictys brevicornuta (M.B. Ellis) W.A. Baker & Morgan- Jones comb. nov. (Figure 2). = Acrodictys brevicornuta M.B. Ellis, Mycol. Pap. 79:16, 1961. Colonies effuse, hairy, dark brown to black. Mycelium superficial, partly immersed in the substrate, composed of branched, septate, pale brown to brown, smooth, 2-4.5um wide hyphae. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, single, arising laterally from the hyphae, erect or ascending, straight or slightly flexuous, simple, smooth, thick-walled, cylindrical, sometimes nodose with one or more swellings, septate, dark brown to dark- blackish brown, indeterminate, often elongating by percurrent proliferation, up to 300um long, 5-7m wide, 9-11um wide at the base. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, monoblastic, brown, cylindrical, truncate at the apex following conidium disarticulation. Conidia holoblastic, acrogenous, solitary, dry, irregularly subglobose with a slightly undulate outline, and frequently somewhat flattened dorsiventrally, dictyosporous, with numerous oblique septa, brown to dark brown, evenly pigmented, smooth, thick-walled, seceding schizolytically, 46-59 x 30-57,m in size, lacking a protuberant basal cell, usually bearing a number of pale-coloured, variously-placed, relatively- broad, thin-walled, papilla-like extensions. On dead culms of Bambusa sp.; South America. Collection examined: on bamboo, cloud forest, El Avila, Venezula, July 1958, R.W.G. Dennis [Flora of Venezuela 1311b], IMI 74761b, holotype. 5 rit Perce yee a QO ee Par ie Seen * ERLE CSE ES: : « i ESE OST Nain ae FOND T: 1a. 1 iophores and con 1 Con . Pseudoacrodictys brevicornuta. FIGURE 2 378 This taxon, which is also known only from its type collection, is being placed in Pseudoacrodictys advisedly because it differs in some respects from the conceptualization of the genus as exemplified by the other species included. The absence of a distinctly protruding, broadly cuneate, basal cell renders it untypical, although the oblique orientation of the internal septa is similar to that occurring in the other taxa. Whether or not the former feature should be regarded as being phylogenetically informative remains, however, an open question. This entity is certainly misplaced in Acrodictys sensu stricto and has more in common with the cluster of species presently considered and removed to Pseudoacrodictys. Although additional future knowledge and deliberation may lead to the conclusion that the establishment of a further segregate genus in which to classify P. brevicornuta is warranted, for the present it seems best accommodated within the circumscription of the novel genus named herein despite the fact that it is somewhat anomalous and can be regarded, together with A. deightonii, as the least conforming among the taxa included. The conidial shape of P. brevicornuta also differs from that considered typical in being irregularly subglobose to somewhat dorsiventrally flattened, rather than broadly pyriform to turbinate as is generally characteristic of this group of taxa. Additionally, it should be noted that protrusion of some of the peripheral conidial cells in the form of broad papilla is an unique feature but these entities can be regarded as very short appendages. Pseudoacrodictys corniculata (R.F. Castefieda) W.A. Baker & Morgan-Jones comb. nov. (Figure 3)*. = Acrodictys corniculata R.F. Castafieda, Deuteromycotina de Cuba.Hyphomycetes 11:1. Inst. Invest. Fund. Agric. “Alejandro de Humboldt”’, Havana, Cuba, 1985. *[Description partly reformatted from information contained in Castaneda (1985) and amended. | Colonies effuse, hairy, dark brown. Mycelium superficial, partly immersed in the substrate, composed of branched, septate, pale brown to olivaceous brown, smooth, 2um wide hyphae. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, single, arising laterally from the hyphae, erect or ascending, straight or slightly flexuous, simple, smooth, thick-walled, cylindrical, aseptate or septate, brown to dark brown, indeterminate, usually elongating once or twice by successive, regenerative percurrent proliferation, up to S55um long, 2.5-3.5um wide, 5.5-7um at the swollen base. 3D ered pak 9 SS ree iophores and conidia 1 lata. Con ified from Castafieda (loc. cit)]. . tys cornicu dic FIGURE 3. Pseudoacro [redrawn and mod 380 Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, monoblastic, pale brown to brown, cylindrical, truncate at the apex following conidium disarticulation. Conidia holoblastic, acrogenous, solitary, dry, subglobose to globose to broadly pyrifom, dictyosporous, with numerous septa arranged in an oblique fashion, brown, evenly pigmented, smooth, thick-walled, 19-35 x 17.5-30um, seceding schizolytically, with a distinctly protuberant, cuneate, broadly truncate, 2.5-3.54m wide basal cell delimited by a transverse septum; bearing 1-6 pale brown, aseptate, curved, horn-like, 8-20um long, appendages clustered distally. On fallen leaves of unidentified grass, Camagtiey, Cuba , 28 November 1984, R.F.Castafieda, INIFAT, holotype. [Specimen not examined. | In all essential characteristics, this species conforms well with the Pseudoacrodictys generic concept. Both its conidium morphology and the regenerative percurrent growth of its conidiophores are typical of the genus and closely resemble those of the type species, P. eickeri. Moreover, the internal cellular organization and the tendency for compression appear to be similar to the condition seen in other taxa within this cluster. Pseudoacrodictys corniculata can be readily distinguished by the smaller dimensions of its conidia and the peculiarities of its conidial appendages in terms of both placement and morphology. It should be duly noted that in this taxon recurrent conidiophore growth occurs following an irregular tearing of the periclinal wall not directly associated with sequential conidiation. This phenomenon occurs variously among Pseudoacrodictys species and is considered at further length in the discussion below. Pseudoacrodictys deightonii (M.B. Ellis) W.A. Baker & Morgan-Jones comb. nov. (Figure 4). = Acrodictys deightonii M.B. Ellis, Mycol. pap. 79:17, 1961. Colonies effuse, hairy, dark brown to black. Mycelium superficial, partly immersed in the substrate, composed of branched, septate, pale brown to dark brown, smooth, 2-544m wide hyphae. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, single, arising laterally from the hyphae, erect or ascending, straight or slightly flexuous, simple, smooth, thick-walled, cylindrical, septate, dark brown, indeterminate, often elongating by one or more successive, cylindrical to broadly barrel-shaped, percurrent proliferations, up to 200um long, 3.5-5um wide, 7.5-10um wide at the slightly swollen base. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, monoblastic, dark brown, 381] = s .; wk Rr ane INO Wy, TTT elas lic TPO SUPT IT ERT os ad. Tye pate ae oF (a errs sss SS « tA te tek SE a athe oat Fade te Bar ane la. i tys deightonii. Conidiophores and con IC . . Pseudoacrod FIGURE 4 382 cylindrical or, more often, slightly swollen, truncate at the apex following conidium disarticulation. Conidia holoblastic, acrogenous, solitary, dry, highly variable in shape, ranging from irregularly turbinate to obpyriform with an uneven outline to somewhat napiform, often having a slightly botryose aspect derived from swollen and protruding peripheral cells, dictyosporous, with numerous oblique septa, brown to dark brown, evenly pigmented, smooth, thick-walled, seceding schizolytically, 42-84 x 28-57um, with a distinctly protuberant, cylindrical to somewhat cuneate, broadly truncate, 3.5-5yzm basal cell delimited by a transfer septum. On dead branches of Cassia fruticosa Mill., Gardenia nitida Hook., and Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzel.; Africa. Collections examined: on C. fruticosa, Njala (Kori), Sierra Leone, 3 November 1949, F.C. Deighton, IMI 40266, holotype; on G. nitida, same location, 12 September 1949, same collector, IMI 38344; on R. vomitoria, same location, 18 August 1949, same collector, IMI 38203a. As is the case with P. brevicornuta, this taxon is being reclassified in Pseudoacrodictys with some reservation due to the fact that it does not fully conform with what can be considered the central, hallmark characteristics by which the genus is conceptualized. However, short of placing it in a monotypic genus of its own, which has been seriously considered during the course of this study, no alternative taxonomic home ts currently available. By its accommodation in Pseudoacrodictys, for the present, a conservative position is being adopted. Although exemplifying a ‘textura angularis’ cellular organization, the internal structure in P. deightonii appears to differ from the condition seen in most of the other species in that the individual cells retain their shape and do not become distorted by compression as the conidia mature. In all the material examined no evidence of internal crushing and disintegration could be discerned. The presence of swollen, in some cases thinner-walled, protruding marginal cells is another unique peculiarity of this species. Such entities cannot, however, be regarded as appendages and are not comparable with the papillae of P. brevicornuta. The presence of somewhat barrel-shaped, percurrent conidiophore proliferations, which can sometimes remain attached following conidial secession, is another point of distinction between P. deightonii and what can be considered typical of the genus. In this regard, it bears some similarity to species of Acrodictys sensu stricto [see Baker et al. (2002b)]. Percurrent conidiophore proliferation in the latter, however, which appears to be similar in kind to that occurring in such genera as Imicles Shoemaker & Hambleton [see Hernandez-Gutiérrez and Sutton (1997)], Brachysporiella Bat., and Penzigomyces Subram., is rather different 383 SRE ETERS TNS la. ay Ss 2 Conidiophores and coni if 1s . tys denn FIGURE 5. Pseudoacrodic 384 from that seen in P. deightonii. In this species a broad half septum 1s involved in the secondary growth, whereas in the aforementioned genera proliferation originates from a narrow locus at the septal pore [see Minter and Holubova- Jechova (1981)]. Pirozynski (1972) reported a collection of Pseudoacrodictys deightonii [as Acrodictys deightonii| overgrowing Exosporium monanthotaxis Piroz., which occurs on dead, attached twigs of Monanthotaxis poggei Engl. & Diels in Tanzania, and referred to it as being hyperparasitic. Early stages of development were illustrated in which the upper reaches of young conidia were shown to have a distinctly lobed configuration which becomes progressively obscured as the conidia enlarge. The barrel-shaped percurrent proliferations of the conidiogenous cells were described as being of a ‘regeneration’ type in which a new inner wall breaks through a delimiting half-septum by tearing it irregularly. Pseudoacrodictys dennisii (M.B. Ellis) W.A. Baker & Morgan-Jones comb. nov. (Figure 5). = Acrodictys dennisii M.B. Ellis, Mycol. Pap. 79:15, 1961. Colonies effuse, dark brown to black. Mycelium superficial, partly immersed in the substrate, composed of branched, septate, pale brown to olivaceous brown, smooth, 2-3um wide hyphae. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, single or in clusters of two or, less often, three, arising laterally from the hyphae, erect or ascending, straight or slightly flexuous, simple, smooth, thick-walled, cylindrical, septate, dark brown to blackish-brown, paler distally, indeterminate, usually elongating only once by percurrent proliferation, up to 50um long, 4-6um wide, 5-8um at the slightly swollen base. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, monoblastic, pale brown to dark brown, cylindrical, truncate at the apex following conidium disarticulation. Conidia holoblastic, acrogenous, solitary, dry, variable in shape, obovoid to pyriform, often somewhat flattened apically and sometimes compressed sub-apically or laterally so as to give a somewhat lobed appearance, dictyosporous, with numerous septa arranged in a variable fashion, mostly longitudinal or oblique, with internal cells becoming stretched and elongated at maturity, brown to dark brown, evenly pigmented, smooth, thick-walled, seceding schizolytically, 26-57 x 19-30um, with a distinctly protuberant, cylindrical, broadly truncate, 4-6m wide, darker basal cell delimited by a transverse septum. On bamboo; South America. 385 idiophores and conidia. ictys eickerii. Con Pseudoacrod . FIGURE 6 386 Collection examined: on bamboo, El Avila, Venezuela, July 1958, R.W.G. Dennis [Flora of Venezuela 1136], IMI 80548a, holotype. This species, although conforming to the essential generic charateristics in all other respects, differs from the other taxa in that the conidia lack appendages. Another distinctive feature is the notably cylindrical shape and denser pigmentation of the basal cell. With regard to internal conidial structure the tendency for cells toward the center to become compressed and disrupted, that is typical in the genus, occurs to a lesser extent in P. dennisii than in such species as P. eickeri and P. viridescens. Pseudoacrodictys eickeri (Morgan-Jones) W.A. Baker & Morgan- Jones comb. nov. (Figure 6). = Acrodictys eickeri Morgan-Jones, Mycotaxon 16:187, LOSzs Colonies effuse, brown to black. Mycelium superficial, partly immersed in the substrate, composed of branched, septate, pale brown to brown, smooth, 2-34m wide hyphae. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, single, arising laterally from the hyphae, erect or ascending, straight or slightly flexuous, simple, smooth, thick-walled, cylindrical, aseptate or septate, brown to dark brown, indeterminate, usually elongating once or twice by successive percurrent proliferations, up to 40m long, 2- 34m wide, 5-6im at the swollen base. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, monoblastic, pale brown to brown, cylindrical, truncate at the apex following conidium disarticulation. Conidia holoblastic, acrogenous, solitary, dry, broadly pyriform to somewhat turbinate, dictyosporous, with numerous septa arranged in an oblique fashion, with internal cells becoming progressively compressed and contorted toward maturity and ultimately often appearing disrupted, brown to dark brown, evenly pigmented, smooth, thick- walled, 38-64 x 22-42um, seceding schizolytically, with a distinctly protuberant, cuneate, broadly truncate, 2-3.7m wide basal cell delimited by a transverse septum; bearing 2-5 pale brown, somewhat undulate, hypha-like appendages laterally, or more often distally, 7-12/m long, which occasionally break or, when remaining intact, collapsed at the thin-walled tip to give a truncate aspect. On decorticated twigs; Africa. 387 ae la. iophores and conidi 1 descens. Con . tys VIrI Pseudoacrodic FIGURE 7 Colletion examined: on decorticated twigs, Debengeni Forest Reserve, Magaebaskloof, N.E. Transvaal, Republic of South Africa, 17 August 1979, R.C. Sinclair, AUA, holotype. Pseudoacrodictys eickeri is characterized by comparatively large conidia bearing hypha-like appendages, placed both distally and laterally. In the type and only known material many conidia appear desiccated giving a shriveled aspect with distorted and dilapidated internal cells. It is designated as the type species on account of the fact that it well exemplifies what are considered to be fundamental features by which the novel genus Pseudoacrodictys 1s conceptualized. Pseudoacrodictys viridescens (B. Sutton & Alcorn) W.A. Baker & Morgan-Jones comb. nov. (Figure 7). = Acrodictys viridescens B. Sutton & Alcorn, Proc. R. Soc. Od. 95:45,1984. Colonies effuse, dark brown to black. Mycelium superficial, partly immersed in the substrate, composed of branched, septate, pale brown to brown, smooth, 4-5.5um wide hyphae. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, single, arising laterally from the hyphae, erect or ascending, straight or slightly flexuous, simple, smooth, thick-walled, cylindrical, septate, brown to dark brown, determinate, comparatively short, up to 384m long, 5.5-7um wide, 7-8.5um at the swollen base. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, monoblastic, brown to dark brown, cylindrical, truncate at the apex following conidium disarticulation. Conidia holoblastic, acrogenous, solitary, dry, subglobose to globose to broadly pyriform, dictyosporous, with numerous septa arranged in an oblique fashion and with cell walls markedly undulate to sinuate, giving a compressed aspect, brown to dark brown, evenly pigmented, smooth, thick-walled, 62-80 = 40-60um, seceding schizolytically, with a distinctly protuberant, cuneate, broadly truncate, 5.5-7m wide basal cell delimited by a transverse septum; bearing 4-10 pale brown, uncinate or curved, appendages distally 8-20um long, which occasionally break or, when remaining intact, collapsed at the thin-walled tip to give a truncate aspect. On dead unidentified twigs, Archontophoenix sp. [Arecaceae], and undetermined palm; Australia. 389 Collections examined: on dead twigs, Mt. Coot-tha, Queensland, Australia, 1 September 1981, B.C. Sutton & J.L. Alcorn, IMI 263538, holotype; IMI 263537, paratype; IMI 263540a. In common with P. deightonii and P. eickeri the conidia of this taxon are appreciably larger than are those of the other species placed in the genus and appendage placement is similar to that in the latter. The appendages somewhat resemble those of P. corniculata in being often curved, but their distribution is scattered rather than localized. In addition to appendage morphology, P. viridescens can be distigushed from P. eickeri by conidial size and by lack of conidiophore proliferation. The internal structure of P. viridescens conidia was shown by Sutton and Alcorn (loc. cit.) to be composed of often parallel, agglutinated, thick-walled cells and the appearance described as ‘textura oblita’. In this regard the structure was considered to be at variance with that of other species of Acrodictys where the cellular tissue was referred to as being of a ‘textura angularis’ type. Although the inner conidial cells of P. viridescens appear to be more tightly compressed, and thereby more elongated, than is the case in the other taxa classified within Pseudoacrodictys herein, there does not, however, appear to be any fundamental difference in the internal nature of the conidia. DISCUSSION Among the taxa included in Pseudoacrodictys, five bear a degree of morphological similarity that is, in all likelihood, indicative of close phylogenetic relatedness. The remaining two species, namely P. brevicornuta and P. deightonii, which differ in some respects, may be examples of evolutionary convergence and their true affinity may, therefore, lie elsewhere. It seems appropriate, however, given the state of current knowledge and the extent of the apparent resemblance to accommodate these outlying taxa within the new genus. With regard to percurrent proliferation in relation to serial conidiation and somatic regenerative conidiophore growth, some degree of variation exists among the species of Pseudoacrodictys. The differences that occur, however, are not considered to be necessarily reflective of phylogenetic distance although, in the case of the presence of barrel-shaped extensions in P. deightonii, this may indicate relatedness discontinuity. The fact that, in this species, an ampulliform distal unit of the conidiophore may remain attached to the conidium at the time of release may be further indicative of possible heterogeneity. Likewise, in the matter of conidium detachment where some differences in the disarticulation process may occur between or even within 390 a given species. For example, in P. corniculata and P. viridescens, conidia which normally secede by a schizolytic split in the delimiting septum may be released by an irregular tear in the proximal conidiophore periclinal wall. The latter phenomenon is not, however, comparable to the condition seen in species of Rhexoacrodictys [see Baker et al., 2002a] where the rhexolytic circumscissile break which releases the conidia occurs evenly at a narrow, well-defined zone of dehiscence. In addition to the entities treated in the present publication, there remain a number of anomalous taxa still classified in Acrodictys that bear conidia of somewhat similar morphology but which are undoubtedly misplaced in the genus. Among these are Acrodictys kamatii Narendra & V.G. Rao, A. malabarica Subram. & Bhat, and A. stilboidea J. Mena & Mercado. The first of these [see Narendra and Rao (1973)], which is known from a collection made in India on dead leaves of Actinodaphne hookerii Meissn., forms what appear to be chlamydospore-like clusters of cells which are referred to as conidia and is of doubtful identity. The second, found on bamboo, also in India, bears distinctly verrucose, gangliar conidia terminally and on short, lateral conidiophore branches [see Subramanian and Bhat (1987)]. Its strikingly unique morphology leads the present authors to suspect that it might best be reclassified in yet another segregate genus. The third is readily distinguishable from Acrodictys sensu stricto by the fact that its conidiophores are tightly synnematous [see Mercado and Mena (1986)]. Although the conidiogenous cells were described in the original treatment as being percurrent, no indication was given of the presence of successive terminal, lageniform to doliiform proliferations, of the type typical of Acrodictys. A further difference lies in the fact that the conidia of A. stilboidea are, except for a paler basal cell, uniformly olivaceous-brown in color and do not show the kind of gradual pigmentation-intensity gradation from a dark upper region to a lighter lower portion which is a characteristic of those species retained by Baker et al. (2002b) in Acrodictys. The appropriate taxonomic fate of these species remains to be further evaluated if and when type material becomes available for examination. Attempts to obtain such on loan have, thus far, been unsuccessful. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study was made possible through the cooperation of John C. David, IMI Herbarium, CABI Bioscience UK Centre, Egham, United Kingdom who kindly made the specimens on which it is based available on loan. The manuscript was reviewed by Dr. Leland Crane, Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, to whom we are grateful. Shea LITERATURE CITED BAKER, W.A., E.C. PARTRIDGE, and G.MORGAN-JONES. 2002a. Notes on Hyphomycetes. LXX XVII. Rhexoacrodictys, anew segregate genus to accommadate four species previously classified in Acrodictys. Mycotaxon 82:95-113. BAKER, W.A., E.C. PARTRIDGE, and G.MORGAN-JONES. 2002b. Notes on Hyphomycetes. LXXXV. Junewangia, a genus in which to classify four Acrodictys species and a new taxon. Mycotaxon 81:293-319. BAKER, W.A., E.C. PARTRIDGE, and G. MORGAN-JONES. 2001. Notes on Hyphomycetes. LXXXI. Acrodictyella obovata, a new lignicolous dematiaceous genus and species collected in Alabama. Mycotaxon 78:29-35. CASTANEDA RUIZ, R.F. 1985. Deuteromycotina de Cuba. Hyphomycetes IT. Inst. Invest. Fund. Agric. Trop. “Alejandro de Humboldt”, Havana, Cuba. HERNANDEZ-GUTIERREZ, A. and B.C. SUTTON. 1997. Imimyces and Linkosia, two new genera segregated from Sporidesmium sensu lato, and redescription of Polydesmus. Mycol. Res. 101:201-209. HUGHES, S.J. 1979. Relocation of species of Endophragmia auct. with notes on relevant generic names. N. Z. J. Bot. 17:139-188. MERCADO SIERRA, A. and J. MENA PORTALES. 1986. Hifomicetes de topes de Collantes, Cuba I. Especies holoblasticas. Acta Bot. Hung. 32:189-205. MINTER, D.W. and V. HOLUBOVA-JECHOVA. 1981. New or interesting Hyphomycetes on decaying pine litter from Czechoslovakia. Folia Geobot. Phytotaxon. 16:195-217. NARENDRA, D.V. and V. G. RAO. 1973. An undescribed species of Acrodictys. Kavaka. 1:47-49. PIROZYNSKI, K.A. 1972. Microfungi of Tanzania. I. Miscellaneous fungi on oil palm. II. New Hyphomycetes. Mycol. Pap. 129:1-64. SUBRAMANIAN, C.YV. and D.J. BHAT. 1987. Hyphomycetes from south India. I. Some new taxa. Kavaka. 15:41-74. SUTTON, B.C. 1969. Forest microfungi. IJ. Additions to Acrodictys. Can. J. Bot. 47:853-858. SUTTON, B.C. and J.L. ALCORN. 1984. Microfungi from Queensland II. Pseudopetrakia and similar taxa. Proc. R. Soc. Od. 95:41-46. ‘iy ‘ ‘pares r , . ’ 4 ene ‘ i. i b +) . 1 , \ n -s ‘ ' P » ‘ Le. i \ ! 1 f nD : } a's. ' u f erg A b + 4 . ‘ i i ' * . H 1 ph * i 7) ‘ A ‘ i i ‘ rk f ran 1 i Z ‘ cas ' ‘ i 1 \ a al } i , ' 4 } ¢ y | ‘ ‘ U i F y ‘ f ® 4 ( “ ‘ . i hi " 1 ! ’ MYCOTAXON Volume LXXXV, pp. 393-407 January-March 2003 STUDIES ON LACTARIUS: A NEW COMBINATION AND TWO NEW SPECIES FROM MEXICO Leticia Montoya and Victor M. Bandala Division de Sistematica, Instituto de Ecologia, A.C., A.P. 63, Xalapa, Veracruz, 91000, México < montoya@ecologia.edu.mx > < bandala@ecologia.edu.mx > ABSTRACT Two undescribed Lactarius species in subgenus Piperites have been found in Mexico: L. cristulatus and L. atroviolaceus. Both are described here and compared with related species. In addition, after a type study of L. uvidus var. montanus from U.S., the new combination L. montanus is proposed. The particular set of characters with regard to basidiomes color and basidiospores (size, shape and ornamentation), supports its segregation from L. uvidus and allied taxa. Keywords: Russulales, type study, taxonomy. INTRODUCTION Members of the genus Lactarius are among the most commonly encountered ectomycorrhizal agarics in conifer and broad-leaved forests in Mexico. Morphologic descriptions of Lactarius species in Mexican literature, when available, are often based on macroscopic features and indications of the specimens on which the references rely are practically absent. As a consequence of the lack of documentation of the species (morphology, illustrations and/or critical discussions), a broad sense of the taxonomic interpretation of members of the genus has prevailed in the Mexican literature. This fact was one of the significant factors encouraging research into populations of Lactarius in Mexico. A continuing examination of the available herbarium collections related with the reports, has revealed that most correspond to other taxa, and only a small number of species cited in early mycofloristic works are confirmed as present in the Mexican Lactarius biota (Montoya 1994, 2000; Montoya ef al. 1990, 1996, 1998a,b,c; Montoya and Bandala 1996). In the present study, fresh and herbarium collections of Mexican members of subg. Piperites (Fr.) Kauffmann (after Heilmann-Clausen ef al. 1998; Basso 1999) were examined. This has provided the opportunity to analyse the morphological variation of the specimens, and to compare them with both U.S. and European collections. The results of such revision are the subject of this paper. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-eight fresh and herbarium samples of Lactarius were studied. Most were gathered in Mexico, a few are collections from Europe and U.S., including the type specimen of L. uvidus var. montanus from Idaho. Macroscopic descriptions are based on the study of fresh material. Color codes indicated in the descriptions are based on Kornerup & Wanscher (1978). Microscopic structures are described from hand sections of revived tissues. Measurements and colors of the structures were observed in 3% 394 KOH, except for the basidiospores, which were studied in Melzer’s reagent. These latter were measured in side view, dimensions of the basidiospores excluding ornamentation and height of the ornamentation were considered separately. When estimating spore dimensions part of the recommendations by Heinemann and Rameloo (1985) were used. 25-30 spores per collection were evaluated selected at random from hymenial tissues. The first range reported in the descriptions is to describe the variability within the collections. Extreme values are indicated in brackets (highest values +2 SD in each sample). The means of spore length (L), width (W) and quotient Q (ratio of basidiospore length/basidiospore width) were calculated in a single element of the collection. RM corresponds to the range of means of length and width of the collections. Similarly when more than one collection was examined, Q’ refers to the range of the mean values of Q in such collections. Line drawings were made with the aid of a drawing tube. For scanning electron microscope (SEM) preparations, pieces of lamellae from the dried specimens were rehydrated in ammonia and afterwards fixed in glutaraldehyde. The pieces were critical point dried in acetone in a Polaron critical point dryer, and sputter-coated with gold. Herbarium acronyms are according to Holmgren ef al. (1990) and Holmgren and Holmgren (1995). RESULTS A study of specimens related to the group of Lactarius pyrogalus (Bull.: Fr.) Fr. revealed the presence in Mexico of an undescribed species. The new species, Lactarius cristulatus, is an inhabitant of the mesophytic forests located in the central part of the Gulf of Mexico region (State of Veracruz). In the sites where L. cristulatus was found, basidiocarps were more less common near members of Carpinus caroliniana L. Walter (single trees or mixed with other broad-leaved elements, such as Quercus or Liquidambar), which probably indicates their ectotrophic association. A study of specimens of the two most closely related species (L. pyrogalus and L. circellatus Ft.) was the basis supporting the taxonomic position of Mexican specimens in subgenus Piperites. The distinctive macro and microscopic characters of each species are summarized below, and a complete description and a discussion of L. cristulatus is provided. Based on a type study of L. uvidus var. montanus Hesler & A.H. Sm. (1979), and on the revision of samples of L. uvidus Fr. and L. luridus (Fr.) S.F. Gray, we propose the segregation of var. montanus as an independent species. The examination of A.H. Smith 65642 (holotype of L. uvidus var. montanus), showed that its inclusion as a variety of L. uvidus is counterindicated by several relevant morphocharacters of the specimen. In fact, it resembles members of the L. uwvidus “group”; but the observed combination of characters (basidiome color, both basidiospore size and shape, and pattern of basidiospore ornamentation), in our opinion, argues against its being placed in L. uvidus. Compared also with L. /uridus, we concluded that Smith’s specimen belongs to a different taxon. Although considered a rather well known species in Mexican literature, we concluded that L. wvidus has been misinterpreted [including the collections identified by Montoya et al. (1990)]. Like members of the L. uvidus “group”, basidiomes of Mexican samples determined as this species stain violaceous. However, they exhibit a consistent set of macro- and micromorphological features, which we found to be different from the European L. uvidus and allied taxa. The combination of characters observed in these bie, Mexican specimens is consistent and supports interpretation of the collections as representing an independent taxon described herein as L. atroviolaceus. It is a common species found in several areas of Mexico, in Pinus forests or in mixed forests of conifers and Quercus. Lactarius atroviolaceus is apparently ectotrophically associated with Pinus patula Schlecht. & Cham., P. montezumae Lamb, P. teocote Schiede & Deppe ex Schlecht. & Cham. and P. leiophylla Schiede & Deppe ex Schlecht. & Cham. DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES Lactarius cristulatus Montoya et Bandala sp. nov. Figs. 1-9 Pileus 25-70 mm latus, plano-depressus vel subinfundibuliformis, viscidus, brunneo- olivaceus, vel griseo-brunneus, atrobrunneo-olivaceus, concentrice zonatus margine striato vel sulcato. Lamellae adnatae ad decurrentes, distantes, luteoaurantiaceae. Stipes 35-70 x 8-15 mm, cilindricus, pileo concolor vel pallide brunneo-olivaceus, viscidus. Caro griseoalbida vel pallida, sapore forti, piperato. Latex albidus, sapore forti piperato. Sporae 6-8.8 (-9.6) x (4.5-) 5-6 (-6.4) um, ellipticae, cristulatae, zebratae, crestulis latiusculis praeditae, 0.6 (-0.8) um altis, verrucis et crestulis brevibus isolatis. Pleurocystidia 66-92 x 7.2-10.4 um, subcylindracea vel ventricosa, numerosa. Cheilocystidia 32-47 x 4-8.8 um, subcylindracea vel subclavata. Epicutis gelificata, hyphis filiformibus implicatis constituta. Holotypus: lectus prope Mexico. Veracruz, Mpio. Xalapa, SW Xalapa, ca. Coapexpan River, 7.VII.1995, Montoya 3207 (XAL). Pileus 25-70 mm wide, plane, convex, depressed to subinfundibuliform, viscid, with adnate fibrills, greyish black with olivaceous (4E2-E3) tinges, greyish brown, drab (5C5-E3) dark brown (6E4-6F4) with olivaceous tinges (5C3-B3, 5F7-F8), with greyish brown (5C2) concentric zones, margin decurved, finely striate to sulcate. Lamellae adnate to decurrent, distant, broad, yellowish (4A3, 5B2-B4) to yellowish orange (5A4- B4) at times with pinkish tinges (5A2). Stipe 35-70 x 8-15 mm, cylindric, slightly paler than pileus, greyish brown (5B2-D2), pale grey with olivaceous tinges, at times with superficial darker spots (not decidedly scrobiculate), viscid to subviscid, glabrous. Context greyish white with pinkish to brownish tinges; odor mild to pleasant; taste very acrid. Latex white, invariable, very acrid. Basidiospores 6-8.8 (-9.6) x (4.5-) 5-6 (-6.4) um; RM = 7-7.8 x 5.4-5.7 um; Q’ = 1.26- 1.38; broadly ellipsoid to subellipsoid, ornamentation 0.6 (-0.8) um high, cristulate, ridges enlarged and arranged in a so-called "zebroid" pattern; under SEM ridges appearing with regular margin, oriented in parallel bands approximately encircling basidiospore, interrupted ridges and warts also present, these latter more or less oriented in parallel rows. Basidia 66-88 x 7.2-10.4 um, clavate, tetrasporic. Pleurocystidia 66-92 x 7.2-10.4 um, subcylindric to ventricose, apex rounded or at times attenuated, frequent. Cheilocystidia 32-47 x 4-8.8 um, subcylindric to ventricose, subclavate. Pileipellis an ixocutis, 80-200 um broad, hyphae 1.6-4 um wide, loosely interwoven and more or less with periclinal orientation, at times with segments of terminal hyphae projecting (anticlinal), in some areas mounds of suberect hyphae present. Context with sphaerocytes of 16-24 um wide, hyphae 3.2-4.8 um wide, laticiferous hyphae 4.8-8.8 uum wide. Hymenophoral trama with hyphae 1.6-4.8 um wide, laticiferous hyphae 6.4-8 um wide. Figs. 1-3. Lactarius cristulatus. Figs. 1-2. Basidiomes. Fig. 3. Basidiospores under SEM (scale bar = 2 um ) (Montoya 3207). Habitat. Solitary, in soil, in mesophytic forest. Material studied. MEXICO. Veracruz: Mpio. de Banderilla, SW Banderilla, Rancho La Pomarrosa, 16.VI.1984, Anell 130. Mpio. de Xalapa, SW Xalapa, near Coapexpan River, 1.VI.1986, Bandala 792a; 1.VI.1986, Montoya 564; 17.IX.1986, Montoya 783; 7.VIL1995, Montoya 3206, Montoya 3207 (holotype). Old Xalapa-Coatepec road, around Instituto de Ecologia, 27.VIII.1991, Tapia 850; 1.[X.1993, Montoya 2163, Montoya 2164. Old Xalapa-Coatepec road, Jardin Botanico Fco. J. Clavijero, 13.X.1983, Chacon 1734; 23.VI.1986, Anell 461; 14.X.1986, Chacon 3892; 23.V1.1997, Tapia 1706. Old Xalapa-Coatepec road, Parque Ecoldgico Fco. J. Clavijero, 15.VII.1982, Brown 511; 19.V.1989, Chacon 4132; 19.[X.1986, Medel 76; 13.V1.1986, Montoya 611. Mpio. de Xalapa, km 1 old Xalapa-Coatepec road, 10.VI.1991, Murrieta 489 (all in XAL). Other material studied. Lactarius circellatus. Denmark: Kolding, Marielund, 2.VIL.1991, J. Vesterholt JV 91-244 (C). Italy: Reggio Emilia, 02.07.1997, GP. eee er Figs. 4-6. Lactarius cristulatus. Fig. 4. Basidiospores. Fig. 5. Pleurocystidia. Fig. 6. Cheilocystidia (Montoya 3207) (scale bar = 10um). Simonini (private herbarium). Norway: Oslo, Nordre Gravlund, 13.[X.1980, S. Traavik 869; Ostfold, Krakergy, 10.1X.1973, W. Ramm s.n.; Buskerud, Hurum, 21.VIII.1978, S. Kristoffersen 174/78 (all in O). Spain. Segovia: around Riaza, 25.VI.1997, Montoya 3416 (XAL). Lactarius pyrogalus. Belgium: Namur, Heure-en-Famenne, domein Jalna, 22.X.1995, Walleyn 435 (private herbarium). France: Le Pré-Vieux, La tour de Salvagny (Rhone), 9.IX.1938, M. Josserrand s.n. (MICH). Spain. Catalunya: Cantonigros, 14.X.1997, Montoya 3427; Rupit, 13.X.1998, Montoya 3447 (both in XAL). Sweden: Vastergétland, Geteborgs Bot. Tradgard, Naturparken, 16.9.1960, Karlvall 9650 (GB). This species is distinguished by the following set of characteristics: 1) basidiomes with a medium to dark greyish-brown color and with olive tinges, 11) distant lamellae, 111) size and shape of basidiospores, and iv) with a notable "zebroid" appearance due to the ornamentation, composed of enlarged parallel ridges. The European L. circellatus and L. pyrogalus both exhibit cristulate basidiospores; but each presents a characteristic combination of features differing from those of L. cristulatus, especially with regard to basidiospores (shape, size and particular arrangement of ornamentation) and the basidiomes (habit, color, including lamellae disposition). 398 2) 8 € = 5 7 o eee ; We ae | A he cristulatus (@) L. pyrogalus (A) 5 C |L. circellatus (O) 4 5 6 width (um) 7 Fig. 7. Distribution of basidiospore size of specimens of L. cristulatus, L. circellatus and L. pyrogalus. The symbols in the sporograph represent the means of spore length and width of different collections of each species, and the lines indicate different values of coef. Q. The regions defined by the mean spore dimensions and mean Q of available collections of each taxon are represented by differently shaded polygons. Basidiomes of fresh specimens examined of L. pyrogalus (Montoya 3427, 3447) showed lighter colors (5A2-5D3) and the lamellae were closer than in L. cristulatus. The basidiospores consistently present an ornamentation pattern bearing narrow interrupted ridges and isolated warts (figs. 10-11). The spore shape in the examined collections is more nearly globose than in Mexican samples, with a Q’ = 1.13-1.25 (6-8 xX 5.6-6.4 um, RM = 6.8-7.3 x 5.6-6.2 um) (fig. 7). Josserrand (1940), Llistosella (1997) and Heilmann-Clausen ef. al (1998) reported a similar set of features for other European collections of L. pyrogalus. The sporograph of fig. 7 displays the distribution of the mean values of the basidiospore dimensions of L. circellatus, L. cristulatus, and L. pyrogalus. The polygons in the sporograph are determined by the limits of the means values of length, width and Q obtained in the examined samples of the three taxa, following the technique of Tulloss (1984). The sporograph presents more clearly the ease of segregating L. cristulatus from the other two taxa based on spore size and shape. Likewise, the graphical presentation makes it clear that the same characters alone are not useful in separating L. circellatus from L. pyrogalus. Under the name L. pyrogalus, Homola and Czapowskyj (1981) presented a picture of a North American specimen which, according to the habit, color and disposition of lamellae, resembles the new taxon described here. The basidiospore ornamentation as shown in the SEM photographs by Homola and Kimball (1975) and Homola and Weber 329 Figs. 8-13. Lactarius basidiospores under SEM. Figs. 8-9. L. cristulatus (Montoya 3207). Figs. 10-11. L. pyrogalus (Walleyn 435). Figs. 12-13. L. circellatus (Montoya 3416) (scale bar = 2 um ). (1979) of specimens assigned to L. pyrogalus, differs from that reported for European specimens but agrees with that exhibited by basidiospores of L. cristulatus. Hesler and Smith (1979) found the basidiospore ornamentation of the American specimens they placed in L. pyrogalus to be different from that of European specimens. The photographs of the basidiomes of L. pyrogalus sensu Hesler & A.H. Sm. also recall L. cristulatus. The presence of L. cristulatus north of Mexico, however, should be corroborated with new, fresh collections. We studied some herbarium samples assigned to L. pyrogalus in Hesler and Smith (1979) [USA. Michigan: Washtenaw Co., A.H. Smith 72634; Cheboygan Co., A.H. Smith 32670; Ann Arbor, Kauffmann 1345. New 400 York: Tompkins Co., Shaffer 471. Tennessee: Great Smokey Mt. National Park, A.H. Smith 7323 (all in MICH)]. These and Mexican specimens share most of their distinctive microcharacters (and similar variation of habit and lamellae disposition even in dry condition) which suggests to us that they correspond to the same taxon. Nevertheless, macroscopic characters in the American specimens were not fully described (as emphasized also by Hesler and Smith op. cit.) so they could only be tentatively placed close to L. cristulatus. The combination of characters that distinguish L. circellatus from L. cristulatus includes the basidiospore characteristics, the habit and color of the basidiomes and features of the lamellae. As noted by Llistosella (1997) and Heilmann-Claussen et al. (1998) the basidiospores of L. circellatus are subglobose. Our study of the materials of L. circellatus revealed basidiospores with a Q’ = 1.14-1.23 [5.6-8 x 4.8-7 (-7.2) um; RM= 6.3-7.9 x 5.3-6.5]. The basidiospore ornamentation in these collections is also distinctive, bearing frequent narrow ridges and warts (figs. 12-13). Furthermore the basidiomes of L. circellatus have a short and thick stipe, and a broad pileus (Llistosella 1997; Heilmann-Claussen et al. 1998; Basso 1999), thus having a more compact (even robust) and fleshy appearance. For example, the basidiomes of L. circellatus in the collection Montoya 3416 (from Spain) included a pileus range of 50-100 mm and stipe 25-55 x 10-25 mm. Other differences are the lighter colour of the basidiomes (4C2-5C2 in the Spanish specimen) and paler, shorter, crowded and adnate lamellae. Lactarius montanus (Hesler & A.H. Sm.) Montoya & Bandala comb. nov. Figs. 14-18 Basionym: Lactarius uvidus var. montanus Hesler & A.H. Sm., N. Amer. Species Lactarius, p. 340, 1979.- Holotypus: USA. Idaho: Stanley, under conifers, 31.VII.1962, A.H. Smith 65642 (MICH). For descriptive information see Hesler and Smith (1979). Basidiomes of this taxon stain violaceous and therefore recall those of L. uvidus (var. uvidus). However, after a reexamination of the holotype of var. montanus, we found that the specimen A.H. Smith 65642 exhibits a set of characters that taxonomically separates it from L. uvidus. The var. montanus as described by Hesler and Smith (1979) and latter interpreted by Methven (1997) is recognized here as an independent species: i) having darker basidiomes than the European L. uvidus, "...purple drab to light vinaceous drab (purplish umber to grayish vinaceous or dark vinaceous brown)..." (Hesler and Smith 1979), or "...greyish red (8C4) to reddish brown (8D4) or dull red..." (Methven 1997), 11) the basidiospore shape, which tends to be more ellipsoid than in the European taxon; in A.H. Smith 65642 we calculated a Q = 1.39 [(7.2-) 8-10.4 x (5.6-) 6.4-7.2 um; L x W= 9.2 x 6.6], and iii) the basidiospore ornamentation, composed of a partial to complete reticulum, made of almost continuous, articulated, low bands 0.4 (-0.8) um high (figs. 14, 17-18). In the type specimen of L. uvidus var. montanus, the pileipellis is intermediate between an ixocutis and an ixotrichodermis (65-110 ym deep), with hyphae having dense intracellular pigmentation, coagulated when observed in water or as dense intracellular contents in KOH. Our interpretation of LZ. uvidus is based on specimens with pale greyish brown to pinkish buff pileus with lilac tinges (material from Italy: Reggio Emilia, near Marola, 28.1X.1996, Montoya 3369, XAL). European authors, following the concept of Fries 40] 16 Figs. 14-16. Lactarius montanus. Fig. 14. Basidiospores. Fig. 15. Pleurocystidia. Fig. 16. Cheilocystidia (scale bar = 10pm) (A.H. Smith 65642). (1815), reported LZ. uvidus with "...pale pinkish buff to clay-pink, clay-buff, greyish- pink, pale mouse-grey, pale vinaceous or light vinaceous grey..." (Heilmann-Clausen et al. 1998), "... molt pallid i uniforme, gris rosat a beix lilaci..." (Llistosella 1997), or "crema lilacino, lilacino-giallognolo livido, lilacino grigiognolo, grigio-vinaceo, bruneo-grigiognolo pallido, crema-grigiognolo, talvolta macchiato di crema-ocraceo, piu scuro al disco..." (Basso, 1999). The basidiospores in the studied collections of L. uvidus were subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, with Q = 1.30 [9.2-11.2 (-12) x 7.2-8 um, L = 9.8 x W= 7.6] in specimen Christensen AV97-574 from Sweden (GENT), Q = 1.28 [9.6-11.2 x 7.2-8 (-8.8) um, L = 10.17 x W = 7.9] in the collection Montoya 3369 or ’= 1.20-1.32 (8.4-11.3 x 6.6-8.5 um, RM = 8.9-9.8 x 7.3-7.9) according to the data in Heilmann-Clausen et al. (1998). A SEM study of the collection of Christensen 97-574 revealed that the basidiospores exhibit a cristulate ornamentation pattern, with disarticulate warts and ridges rarely connected forming partial nets, 0.8-1 um high (figs. 19-20). Llistosella (1997), Walleyn et al. (1998) and Heilmann-Clausen ef al. (1998) described and illustrated a similar type of basidiospore ornamentation in the collections of L. uvidus that they studied. Lactarius montanus was compared with L. luridus. Basidiome color of this latter species is different "...clay-buff, greyish brown, umber or fawn, sometimes with umber, dark brick coloured, vinaceous grey or pale mouse grey spots..." (Heilmann-Claussen et 402 Figs. 17-22. Lactarius basidiospores under SEM. Figs. 17-18. Lactarius montanus (A.H. Smith 65642). Figs. 19-20. L. uvidus (Christensen 97- 574). Figs. 21-22. L. luridus (Verbeken 96-992) (scale bar = 2 1m). al., 1998), or “...crema-grigiastro, grigio-bruno-violaceo pallido..." with spots presence and paler lamellae “biancastro-crema pallido” (Basso, 1999). Lactarius luridus has been reported to have basidiospores, with a Q’ = 1.19-1.24 (7.8-11.3 x 6.4-9.6 um, RM = 8.6- 9.7 x 7.0-8.1) (Heilmann-Clausen et al., 1998) [8-11 x 7-8.5 um, according to Basso (1999)]; in a specimen from Denmark (East Jylland, Verbeken 96-992, GENT), we found the basidiospores to have Q = 1.28 [8.8-12 (-12.8) x 7.2-8.8 (-9.6), Lx W = 10.27 x 8], which along with the above information suggests us that in L. Juridus the basidiospores tend to be more globose than in L. montanus. In addition, the basidiospores in L. /uridus bear elevated ridges, 0.8-1.2 um high, projecting from thin 403 and low bands (figs. 21-22). This ornamentation pattern was described as "crestato- reticolata" by Basso (1999). Regarding ecological distribution, L. /uridus as well as L. uvidus occur under broadleaved trees. Lactarius atroviolaceus Montoya et Bandala sp. nov. Figs. 23-30 Pileus 30-100 mm /atus, convexus plano-convexus, demum plano-depressus, umbonatus vel acute papillatus, azonus vel subzonatus, viscidus, rubro-brunneo, brunneo- violaceus, atro-vinosus ad atro-violaceus, vel brunneus, margine incurvo. Lamellae confertae vel confertiores, adnato-subdecurrentes, cremeo-flavidae, violacens. Stipes 40-90 x 8-19 (-22) mm, cilindricus vel obclavatus, albido usque ad pallide brunneum vel pileo concolor, violacens, subviscidus. Caro albida usque ad cremeum, violacens, sapore amaro. Latex albo usque ad cremeum. Sporae 8.8-12.8 x 6.4-8 um, ellipticae, reticulatis sub-reticulatis, crestulis 0.6 (-0.8) um altis praeditae. Pleurocystidia, 56-104 x 5.6-12.8 um, subfusiformia, sub-cylindracea, subventricosa. Cheilocystidia 38-76 x 5.6-8.8 tum, sub-cylindacea, sub-fusiformia. Epicutis gelificata, hyphis filiformibus implicatis, 124-240 um Jatis constituta, pigmento extracellulare et intracellulare adest. Holotypus: lectus prope Mexico. Tlaxcala, Mpio. Huamantla, NE Volcan La Malinizi, Parque Nacional La Malinche, IX.1994, Montoya 3118 (XAL). Pileus 30-100 mm wide, convex to plano-convex or finally plane and centrally depressed, umbonate, more frequently with an acute papilla, dark violet brown, dark vinaceous brown, reddish brown (8E6-12E8, 10F8-12F8) to brown (7D6) when paler, generally azonate, at times with diffuse zonations, viscid, smooth to somewhat rugose; margin decurved, undulate, finely pubescent when young, becoming glabrous, paler than pileus center (tobacco brown to violet brown 9E8-11F6). Lamellae close to crowded, short (3-5 mm broad), adnate, yellowish white (1A3), staining lilac, magenta to violaceous (13C-14D4, 15E3-16E4) or dark violaceous (14F5) when cut or bruised. Stipe 40-90 x 8-19 (-22) mm, subcylindric to broadened towards the base, rugose, slightly fibrillose, whitish and superficially with pale brownish tinges (7C3-11B2 pale), pinkish to reddish (9A7-10A6), greyish brown or similar to the pileus (11D8-12D8), at apex concolorous with lamellae, staining violaceous when bruised, whitish towards the base, hollow, moist to subviscid, glabrous, base strigose. Context whitish to cream or ivory, beneath pileipellis with violaceous tinges, staining lilac, magenta to violaceous (13C4-14D4, 13-14E7, 17D-E4) when exposed, odor fungoid, taste bitter. Latex whitish to cream colour, at times whey-like, invariable but staining surfaces, cut areas and white paper violaceous to brown-violaceous. KOH green (27E-F8, 28-29B5) on pileus and pale green on context of stipe. Basidiospore print whitish to cream colour. Basidiospores 8.8-12.8 x 6.4-8 um, (RM = 10.6-10.7 x 7.1-7.2 um, Q’ = 1.49-1.51), ellipsoid and at times weakly attenuated towards the apex, ornamentation 0.6 (-0.8) um high, with an incomplete reticulum, some areas with broad mesh net; under SEM reticulum appearing more or less continuous, with bands frequently meeting in acute angles, ridges continuous, margin wavy or more or less regular, also unconnected warts and short bands present. Basidia 48-72 x 8-12 um, clavate, tetrasporic or bisporic. Pleurocystidia 56-104 x 5.6-12.8 um, subfusiform, subcylindric, sinuous, subventricose, attenuated towards base, apex at times constricted and mucronate, frequent. Cheilocystidia 38-76 x 5.6-8.8 jm, subcylindric, sinuous, subventricose, attenuated towards base, apex at times constricted 404 Fig. 23. Basidiomes of Lactarius atroviolaceus (Montoya 3118), scale (bar = 20mm ) and mucronate, frequent. Pileipellis as ixocutis, 124-240 pm thick, elements loosely arranged in thick gelatinous matrix, these at times somewhat decurved or oblique, hyphae 1.6-3.2 wm wide. Context hyphae 5.6-8 jum wide, laticiferous hyphae 7.2-9.6 um wide, sphaerocytes 24-32 jum wide. Hymenophoral trama hyphae 4-8 ym wide, laticiferous hyphae 5.6-8 jsm wide. Stipitipellis slightly gelatinized, a stratum 24-48 pm thick, hyphae 2.4-4 um wide, more or less oriented as cutis, intermixed in some areas, 405 Figs. 24-26. Lactarius atroviolaceus. Fig. 24. Basidiospores. Fig. 25. Pleurocystidia. Fig. 26. Cheilocystidia (Montoya 3118) (scale bar = 10 ym). or somewhat projecting where gelatinization is not evident. Habitat. Gregarious to subgregarious, in soil, in Pinus forests or mixed forests, i.e. Pinus-Quercus or Pinus-Quercus-Abies. Material studied. MEXICO. Guerrero: Mpio. de Chilpancingo, La Cafiada de Agua Fria, Omiltemi, 10.VII.1985, Villegas 371 (FCME). Querétaro: Mpio. Pinal de Amoles, San Juan del Rio-Pinal de Amoles, 2.VIII.1985, Cifuentes 2100 (FCME).Tlaxcala: Mpio. de Huamantla, NE Volcan La Malintzi, Parque Nacional La Malinche, Nov.1994, Montoya 3118 (holotype); Nov.1994, Montoya 3119T (both in XAL); Mpio. de Tlaxco, El Rosario-El Rodeo, Cerro El Pefidn, Nov.,1994, Montoya 3115T; Nov. 1994, 3116T (both in XAL); 12.VIL1992, Kong 2287; 14.VIII.1992, Kong 2406; 4.1X.1992, Kong 2458 (all in TLXM). Veracruz: Mpio. de Las Vigas, N Cofre de Perote, Las Vigas-El Llanillo, Lopez 1488. E Cofre de Perote, S Tembladeras, Ejido Ingenio El Rosario, 28.VI.1985, Guzman 28862 (both in XAL). 406 Fig. 27-30. L. atroviolaceus, basidiospores under SEM (Montoya 3118) (scale bar = 2 pm). This taxon was reported by Montoya et al. (1990) under the name L. uvidus based on some of the above specimens. There are, however, a number of differences between the collections from Mexico and those of L. uvidus discussed above (see discussion of L. montanus). The combination of characters unique to L. atroviolaceus that distinguish it from both L. uvidus and other related violaceous staining Lactarius species is: the dark vinaceous brown or dark violet brown pileus, papillate pileus, size and shape (ellipsoid) of the basidiospores, which bear a reticulate ornamentation pattern, and the thick ixocutis with the hyphae lacking intracellular pigments (even in water or in KOH). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Part of this contribution was supported by CONACYT (project 139241-V). We express our thanks to M. T. Basso (Alassio) and R. E. Tulloss (New Jersey) for critically reviewing the MS and providing valuable suggestions. We acknowledge the curators at C, FCME, GB, GENT, MICH, TLXM for providing specimens on loan. We are indebted to J. Rejos (AH) for the facilities at the herbarium and to J. A. Pérez and J. Priego for their help at the SEM laboratory at Universidad de Alcala. R. Fogel and the staff at MICH are warmly thanked for their kindness and help during our stay at the herbarium. S. Jacobson, G.P. Simonini, M.T. Basso, R. Walleyn and A. Verbeken kindly loaned specimens of Lactarius which were helpful in developing this contribution. LITERATURE CITED Basso, M. T. 1999. Lactarius Pers. Fungi Europaei 7. Mykoflora, Alassio. 407 Fries, E. 1815. Observationes Mycologicae. Havniae, Reimp. 1994. C.E.M.M. Heilmann-Clausen, J., A. Verbeken and J. Vesterholt. 1998. The genus Lactarius. Fungi of Northern Europe vol. 2, Denmark. Heinemann, P. and J. Rammeloo. 1985. De la mesure des spores et de son expression. Agarica 6: 366-380. Hesler, L. R. and A. H. Smith. 1979. North American Species of Lactarius. Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor. Holmgren, P. K., N. H. Holmgren and L. C. Barnett (eds.). 1990. Index Herbariorum. Part I. The herbaria of the world, ed. 8. New York. Holmgren, P. K. and N. H. Holmgren. 1995. Additions to Index Herbariorum (Herbaria), Edition 8 — Fourth Series. Taxon 44: 251-266. Homola, R. L. and M. Czapowskyj. 1981. Ectomycorrhizae of Maine 2. A listing of Lactarius with the associated hosts. Bull. Life Sci. and Agr. Exp. Stat. Univ. Maine 779: 1-19. Homola, R. and J. Kimball. 1975. Scanning electron microscopy of spore ornamentation in the genus Lactarius. The Botanist 14: 179-189. Homola, R. L. and N. S. Weber. 1979. Scanning electron-microscope studies of Lactarius spore ornamentation. Jn: Hesler L. R. and A. H. Smith. North American Species of Lactarius. Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor. Josserand, M. 1940. Etude sur l'ornamentation sporique des Lactaires et de quelques autres espéces a spores amyloides. Bull. Soc. Myc. France 56: 7-38. Kornerup, A. & Wanscher J.H., 1967. Methuen handbook of colour. Methuen, Londres. Llistosella, J. 1997. Russulals de Catalunya 1 les illes Balears. Ph. D. thesis, Fac. Biol. Univ. Barcelona, Barcelona. Methven, A. 1997. The Agaricales of California 10. Russulaceae II. Lactarius. Mad River Press, Eureka. Montoya, L. 1994. Las especies de Lactarius (Fungi, Basidiomycotina) conocidas en México, contribucion al estudio monografico del género. M. Sc. Thesis, Fac. Ciencias, UNAM, México, D.F. Montoya, L. 2000. Estudio del género Lactarius Pers. (Fungi, Basidiomycotina, Russulales) en México. Ph. D. Thesis, Univ. Alcala, Spain. Montoya, L., G. Guzman and V. M. Bandala. 1990. New records of Lactarius from Mexico and discussion of the known species. Mycotaxon 38: 349-395. Montoya, L., V. M. Bandala and G. Guzman. 1996. New and interesting species of Lactarius from Mexico including scanning electron microscope observations. Mycotaxon 57: 411-424. Montoya, L. and V. M. Bandala. 1996. Additional new records of Lactarius from Mexico. Mycotaxon 57: 425-450. Montoya, L., N. Ayala, V. M. Bandala and G. Moreno. 1998a. Studies on Lactarius from Mexico: first report of Lactarius rufulus. Doc. Mycol. 23: 29-32. Montoya, L., V. M. Bandala, S. Herrera and J. Ortiz. 1998b. An interesting record of Lactarius from the Gulf and Caribe. Z. Mykol. 64: 91--96. Montoya, L., V. M. Bandala and G. Moreno. 1998c. Studies of Lactarius from Mexico: a new species in subgenus Piperites. Persoonia 17: 127-134. Tulloss, R. E. 1984. Distribution and taxonomic notes on Amanita mutabilis. Mycologia 76: 555-558. Walleyn, R., A. Fraiture and A. Verbeken. 1998. Lactarius luridus and L. controversus in Belgie. Meded. Ant. Mycol. Kring 98: 26-43. 7 a) i at : } Dy ) nly wen i ane darn ie hah en ne bei wd an ” ; 4 A f be ‘ ’ é : ‘ i 4 A rh : : Ly , i teat a vt : : a ae i al ‘ uke ‘ NGtie. ee a a : P a . J £ PT an ‘Va (Oe eee en oS, To ea er ¥ ui a ha i ; ‘ 4 ; Lica esa SPO eh ae Ret ph) Ea Li flor Oa : fat enn é vine, 4° Ci ht ee é ee 7 Che, He: Halon at iW i ¢ Y u A 4 , ‘ 7 ac? 7 ay \ , fia ‘ ; ry ens Lee! 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"he ' , if i ® hah j ime rth § LSE Gh es it Ui? eal py MPAA a > ine ie ’ ™ & Tu oa, oy ute a) .. % t Mie vs te) (ar ia eae J eA i | Pap ite ta fore } i, fe alt adhe fine is q J A, hava di we Ai a ; reat i, aN? 4 Rye es:, ran Ps vy shai i fod th art i 1 a | ioc yt 4 } ‘ihe aa i ue F bal ‘Wai : ge ott i oo ete” au 4 aa tte DAR REE Viel ree ST ie PVs DMT Ui ar EN abe ah a al dnb a Tra! ta peep a ith oy ' , ‘ : Vet Tele Mites Yeates ee uP ‘ ae ae . : td (he oy hw Pena val De coterie rae vi eos rei ta Bi AM one nea i eles aod) TA ee i eesti Tee ? ue i ret f re Z ¥ Moe ay t jy o mA er dine rit) ON f} ris } att MY Be S10 i Ooi in ie f i SS ey) Ga dinnoat ‘1 ee i Ts f ri fan | mgt ‘\ wl ah an .) ! bbe 7 ‘ ry erie tas ay ORS Ee "F we , is LL Sea ; Lier Hy Ma t é wr bingy y We 1 7 \ ‘ 4 hey} define hare 22OO ' : af pens ¥ s aa » 7 $% ; ah ') ’ j ates . Ane CO Sind Naa aes ne A ik Shrew eee ah? aes \ t iy - Ansty by dae Mak Os onh oc 7 ; —* ho 20M, ae Bi ‘ved “iy HEARD i re! y¢ ve 14 4% 4, {ive 7 ; i ks a? a <4 Bip ws ye? ye ey 4 4 rey Ten f° Mi As | yan rial ie chet ley } 1a MY COTAXON Volume LXXXV, pp. 409-416 January-March 2003 ADDITIONS TO OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE GENUS GEASTRUM (PHALLALES: GEASTRACEAE) IN BRAZIL 'TURI GOULART BASEIA, 7MARIA AUXILIADORA CAVALCANTI & > ADAUTO IVO MILANEZ '2 Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Ciéncias Bioldgicas Departamento de Micologia, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 Cidade Universitaria, 50670-901, Recife - PE, Brazil *Instituto de Botanica, Secdo de Micologia e Liquenologia C. Postal 4005, 01061-970, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. 1 ibaseia@bol.com.br, 2 xiliamac@terra.com.br, °* aimilanez@uol.com.br ABSTRACT - A study of the genus Geastrum occurring in Brazil was undertaken. Five species are discussed: G. pectinatum, G. saccatum, G. schweinitzii, G. smardae and G. triplex. A key and illustrations of basidiomata are given. KEYWORDS - Basidiomycota, gasteromycetes, Neotropics, taxonomy. INTRODUCTION During a current taxonomic survey of the Brazilian gasteromycetes (Baseia & Milanez 2000; Baseia & Milanez 2001a, 2001b, 2001c, 2002a, 2002b, 2002c; Baseia & Galvao 2002), a study of some species of Geastrum Pers. was undertaken. Geastrum is the main and largest genus of Geastraceae Corda and consists of eight additional genera: Geasteropsis Hollés, Myriostoma Desv., Phialastrum Sunhede, Pyrenogaster Malencon & Riousset, Radiigera Zeller, Terrostella Long and Trichaster Czern. (Sunhede, 1989). Upwards of more than one hundred names have been described in Geastrum, but according to Sunhede (1989) there are no more than thirty species in the genus. From Brazil, one finds sporadic studies, like Sydow & Sydow (1907), Rick (1910, 1930, 1961), Bononi et al. (1981, 1984), Kimbrough ef al. (1995) and Baseia & Milanez (2002c). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fieldwork was based at the Ecological Station of Jatai (21933’-21°37’S and 48°45’-48°51’W), Ecological Station of Itirapina (22°28’-22°30S and 48°17'-48°19°W) and the Biological Reserve of Moji-Guacgu (22915’-22°16’S and 47°08’-479-12’W), all located in the state of So Paulo; Biological Reserve of Serra Negra (8°38’-8°35’S and 38°02’-38°04’W), Biological Reserve of Saltinho (8°43’-8945’S and 35°10’-35°10’W) and the Gurjat Complex (8°21°30°-8°12’S and 31°56’30°’-35°45'W), all lying in the state of Pernambuco. Hand-cut sections of fresh and dried material were mounted for microscopical examination in 2% KOH, Melzer’s reagent and lactophenol with cotton blue. Spore 410 measurements include the ornamentation. Colour terms in parentheses are those of Kornerup & Wanscher (1978). Herbarium names are abbreviated according to the Index Herbariorum (Holmgren et al., 1990). Additional collections studied were loaned from ICN, JPB, PACA, SP, and URM. The material studied is preserved in SP and URM. TAXONOMIC SECTION Key of the species ] Basidiomata small (up to 1 cm diam.), caespitose, base attached {oa whitish: subiculumic.. eevee eee cere Geastrum schweinitzii i Basidiomata larger, not caespitose, without a subiculum ...................cceeseeeeeeeee 2 2 Endoperidium with basal apophysis and mouth sulcate ................ G. pectinatum Zz Endoperidium without basal apophysis and mouth fimbriate ........................ 3 3 Exoperidium saccate, peristome whitish ..22.0...20. 0.00.0. . sss eecceneees G. saccatum Bi Exoperidium revolute; peristome: concolor neces. rterees.setees seeeceesnes Cosme rere: a 4 Exoperidium with part of the flesh layer forming a collar-like structure around the endoperidium, spore ornamentation columnar ....... G. triplex 4? Exoperidium with flesh layer not forming a collar-like structure, spore ornamentation VerrucoSe ............ ec ceee cece eee e nce e eens G. smardae Descriptions of the species Geastrum pectinatum Pers.: Pers., Syn. Meth. Fung.: 132, 1801. Fig. | Unexpanded basidiomata subglobose, hypogeous when immature becoming epigeous when mature, 1-1-5 cm diam., 2-3 cm across when expanded; exoperidium non- hygroscopic, revolute, vaulted, rigid, splitting to about the middle into 7-9 rays, mycelial layer brownish orange (KW 5C3), adnate, covered with adhering debris, hyphae 2—3 pm diam.; fibrous layer well definite, hyphae 3—4 um diam.; fleshy layer usually adnate, hyphae 20-30 x 15-20 um; endoperidium pedicelate, pedicels slender, 3—4 mm long, subglobose, 7-10 mm wide, with sulcate apophysis, greyish-brown (KW 5F3), hyphae 4-5 pm diam., peristome concolourous, mouth sulcate, slender and conical; gleba dark brown (KW 5F5), columella inevident; capillitium light brown, unbranched, 4-6 tm diam.; basidiospores spherical, 44:5 um diam. Material examined: Brazil, Sao Paulo: Ecological Station of Itirapina, 19/11/1999, coll., det. Baseia (SP 307528), cerrado vegetation; Biological Reserve of Moji-Guacu, 16/11/1999, coll. & det. Baseia (SP 307529), cerrado vegetation; Pernambuco: Biological Reserve of Serra Negra, 19/IV/2002, coll. & det. Baseia (URM 398900), caatinga vegetation. Additional material examined: Germany, Berlin: det. B. Hennig, 1932, (PACA 15989); Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Pareci: 1918, det. J. Rick (ICN 3495; SP 33981); Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Cumbica: 1983, det. P. G. Kupper (SP 178065); Paraiba, Jo&o Pessoa, Botanical Garden: 01/ VI/1997, coll. & det. Baseia (JPB 22874, URM 75812). Habitat: Solitary or in groups on sandy soil. Distribution: United States of America (Lloyd 1902, Coker & Couch 1928, Long & Stouffer 1948), France and Sweden (Lloyd 1902), Australia (Cunningham 1944), South Africa (Bottomley 1948), Norway (Eckblad 1955), Mexico (Herrera 1957), England (Palmer 1959), Brazil (Rick 1930, 1961), Congo (Dissing & Lange 1962), Belgium 41] Figures 1-5. General aspect of mature basidiomata: 1. Geastrum pectinatum; 2. G. saccatum; 3. G. schweinitzii; 4. G. smardae; 5. G. triplex 412 (Demoulin 1968), Hawaii (Smith & Ponce de Leon 1982), China (Liu 1984), Aland Islands (Haeggstrém 1997), Spain (Calonge 1998), Argentine (Soto & Wright 2000). Remarks: Geastrum pectinatum presents several morphological variations that probably have been taken for different species by some authors. This species is very close to G. schmidelii Vittad. and G. striatum DC., differing mainly by the pedicelate endoperidium with a basal apophysis and by the strongly sulcate, slender and conical peristome. Geastrum saccatum Fr., Syst. Mycol. 3: 16, 1829. 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Sites Atl=Atlantic, Ind=Indian Ocean, Mid=Middle East, Pac=Pacific, Al=Andaman Islands, An=Antigua, AP= Andhra Pradesh, India, AS=American Samoa, Ba=Bahamas, Bd=Bermuda, BI=Bombay India, BI=Bali, Bm=Burma, Bn=Borneo, Indonesia, Bo=Bonaire, Br=Brunei, Brz=Brazil, Bz=Belize, C=Columbia, Cm=Cameroon, CR=Costa Rica, Cu=Cuba, Cy=Cayman Islands, DR=Dominican Republic, E=Egypt, EM=East Mexico, ESA=East South Africa, F=Florida, FG=French Guiana, Fi=Fiji, G=Galapagos, Gh=Ghana, GI=Goa India, Gr=Grenada, Gu=Guyana, H=Hawaii, Ha=Haiti, HC=Hainan China, HK=Hong Kong, IC=Ivory Coast, J=Japan, Jm=Jamaica, Jv=Java, K=Kuwait, Ka=Karnataka India, Kb=Kiribati, KI=Kerala India, Kn=Kenya, LA=Louisiana, Lb=Liberia, LI=Lakshadweep Islands, M=Malaysia, Mce=Macau, Md=Maldives, Mg=Madagascar, MI=Maharashtra India, Mq=Martinique, Mr=Mauritius, Ms=Marshall Islands, Mz=Mozambique, NI=Nicobar Islands, India, NSW=New South Wales, NZ=New Zealand, O=Okinawa, P=Philippines, PG=Papua New Guinea, PI=Palau Islands, Pn=Panama, PR=Puerto Rico, Pu=Peru, Q=Queensland, R=Reunion, SA=South Australia, SB=Saudi Arabia, SC=Saint Croix, Sh=Shenzhen China, Si=Singapore, SJ=St. John, US Virgin Islands, SL=Sri Lanka, Sm=Somalia, Sn=Surinam, So=Society Islands, Sr=Sierra Leone, ST=Saint Thomas, Su=Sumatra, Sw=Sulawesi, Sy=Seychelles, T=Thailand, Ta=Tahiti, TN=Tamil Nadu, India, Tg=Tobago, Tr=Trinidad, Tw=Taiwan, Tx=Texas, Tz=Tanzania, WBI=West Bengal, India, WG=West Guatemala, WM=West Mexico, WSA= West South Africa, V=Victoria, Australia, Vt=Vietnam, Vz=Venezuela, Y=Yemen, Z=Zanzibar 474 LITERATURE CITED IN APPENDIX 1 1. 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Naithd VW i et a is : -% ea 2 aie Ms : ne vi BATE ae “ ha “ae Saitek F demas: ona a see me AERA TOI MEMNE QING A AAG HERE: as ae ; oh ae es Ursa ve ein EGC a ti yea ARRON TERE IR RN RU a i TaN i pirat aN pile sh rit (Nhs ycaese SANTA mi im ve my x wi a a: ma vag ve? Hea | ' } | die a AY, Meh ai | ita dy ag } megue! i Chal sy er me wae bt is RAS Fel ake basen it le bie DAE i het io t si ei ty vide al i gt pak a Hn ‘yu id vi i " Ane ri egr | Nee A ki inca ot aie white iduse es Ia Pann rey Pi molten i py Rit eb Me p ss i, wet ms ist cba NG ae, Mae ata a Aone e Sdsicleg AH myths Digi s ane th’ en aha AER Vubus Diy rely i a Se boa: ‘ NORMAN Fay nD te Boy, Sabah: : with te wala a yi | wi on a Hee ih i pa ty te . 7 “4 . iii ied ry ie if i be hay my MY COTAXON Volume LXXX\V, pp. 479-487 January-March 2003 BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTICES Compiled by David L. HAWKSWORTH' The Yellow House, Calle Aguila 12, Colonia La Maliciosa, Mataelpino, F-28411 Madrid, Spain; and Departamento de Biologia Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense,Plaza de Ramon y Cajal, Ciudad Universitaria, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. GENERAL Tropical Mycology. Vol. 2. Micromycetes. Edited by Roy Watling, Juliet C. Frankland, A. Martin Ainsworth, Susan Isaac & Claire Robinson. 2002. CABI Publishing, CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8DE, UK. Pp. xiv + 203. ISBN 0 85199 543 8. Price £ 40, US $ 75. The second of two volumes arising from the British Mycological Society symposium held in Liverpool in April 2000; the first dealt with ‘macromycetes’ and was reviewed in Mycotaxon 82: 476-477 (April-June 2002). This part contains 11 contributions which are wide ranging. Three of these are of particular interest to the systematic mycologist: a key to species of tropical nectrioid fungi (G. J. Samuels ef al.; pp. 13-31), a reassessment of some tropical sooty moulds (Faull e¢ a/.; pp. 33-39), and the biogeography and phylogeny of downy mildews and their hosts (Spencer & Dick; pp. 63-81). Other chapters are concerned with lignicolous freshwater ‘higher’ (sic!) fungi, the diversity of fungi on Pandanaceae, invasive tree-crop pathogens, lichens, invertebrate pathogens, human tropical mycoses, and pharmacologically active metabolites. In my comments on the first volume, I questioned the wisdom of having two separate rather slim volumes, and the resultant high price for the tropical libraries that would find these proceedings of the greatest value. Taxonomy of Nematophagous Fungi. By Tian-Fei Li, Ke-Quin Zhang & Xing-Zhong Liu. 2000. Chinese Scientific and Technological Publication, Beying. Pp. 313. In Chinese. ISBN 7 5046 2859 X. Price 70 Yuan This is a companion volume to a treatise on the biology of nematophagous fungi by the same triumvirate (Zhang ef al. 2001). The taxonomic volume includes keys, descriptions, and generally clear line drawings. Although in Chinese, because references to the original places of publication are in English, and the figure captions use scientific names, the work can be used by and will be of value to those with other linguistic traditions. For example, where else could a key to 30 species of Harposporium be found (including species published as recently as 1997)? The list of references cited is also impressive, extending to 13 pages and including titles which appeared in 1998. This is the most comprehensive publication on the systematics of these fascinating fungi I have seen since that of Soprunov (1958), and it deserves to have a wide international circulation. ' Books for consideration for coverage in this column should be mailed to the Book Review Editor (address above) in the first instance. Fax (+34) 91 857 3640; e-mail: davidh@farm.ucm.cs or myconova@terra.es. 480 Soprunoy, E.F. (1958) [Predacious Hyphomycetes and their Application in the Cnotrol of Pathogenic Nematodes.| Ashabed: Turkmen Academy of Science. [English translation (1966), Jerusalem: Israel Program for Scientific Translations. } Zhang, K.Q., Liu, X.-Z. & Li, T.-F. (2001) Biology of Namatophagous Fungi. Beijing: Chinese Scientific and Technological Press. ASCOMYCETES Nordic Macromycetes. Vol. 1. Ascomycetes. Edited by Lise Hansen (7) & Henning Knudsen. 2000. Nordsvamp, Gothersgade 130, DK-1123 Copenhagen K, Denmark. Pp. 309, figs 250. ISBN 87 983961 2 9. Price DKr 300. Although volume one, this is the third and final volume of the triumvirate completing this ambitious project to appear. Volume two, covering polypores, boletes, agarics, and russuloids was released in 1992, while volume three treating heterobasidiomycetes, aphyllophoroid and gasteroid fungi came out in 1997. As the first volume of the three, this part includes general accounts of fungal nomenclature (T. Ahti), how to collect fungi (L. Ryvarden), how to use the flora, and a particularly valuable overview of the vegetation zones and mycogeography of the region (H. Knudsen & S. Ryman). There is also a glossary preceding a succinct overview of the ascomycetes (T. Lassoe) which suggests there may prove to be around 8000 ascomycete species in the nordic countries (and 12 000 species of all groups). This volume treats about 1000 taxa, of which around 800 are disco- and 200 pyrenomycetes. The supraordinal classification system used follows that proposed in 1997 by Eriksson & Winka (not ‘Wenka’ as printed in the introduction), while the system of orders and ranks below them is essentially that of the 1998 ‘Outline of the ascomycetes’ with a few later changes. Sixteen authors contributed accounts, all but one (A. J. S. Whalley) being from the region; those who prepared the accounts are identified by the appropriate ordinal, family, or generic name. In order to cover so many species within such a limited number of pages, a condensed approach was essential. After each generic name (without date or place of publication), synonyms and common names (Danish, Finnish, Icelandic, Norwegian, and Swedish) follow, and then a brief description of the genus with pertinent notes (e.g. mentioning untreated species) and references to selected publications. The species are presented through keys, the couplets being expanded where terminal taxa are reached to include additional descriptive features, information on habitat, references to coloured illustrations, indications of which of the treated countries they occur in (with an indication of frequency); not infrequently, allied or poorly understood species are also noted here. Just what to include in such a volume was always going to be a problem, but I was pleasantly surprised to see so many small pyrenomycetes covered (e.g. Bryonectria, Hypomyces, Polystigma) yet wondered why Sarea had been passed over. While there are no photographs, the line drawings of diagnostic features (mostly ascospores showing ornamentation details), mainly prepared by H. Dissing, are superb. As they are in a block, those not wishing to struggle with keys will often find flicking through these pages a short-cut to generic identification. . Separate indices to generic names in the five languages are provided, as well as a comprehensive index to scientific names - helpfully arranged by epithet to aid those unsure in which genus a particular species might be found. This work treats more ascomycetes than any other to have appeared in a single volume in recent years, and as it is in English it deserves to become widely used throughout the Northern Hemisphere. All those involved in this project deserve to be congratulated on seeing it to fruition, and providing a much-needed tool for both amateur and professional mycologists; sadly, Lise Hansen died during its preparation but this will remain a memorial to her determination and skill. 48] The genus Lasiosphaeria and allied taxa. By R. Hilber (+) & O. Hilber. 2002. O. Hilber, Postfach 1342, D-93302 Kelheim, Germany. Pp. ti + 9, figs 7. ISBN3 00 09737 6. Price not indicated. This booklet sets the framework for a future revision of this lignicolous sordariaceous genus by the authors. Five sections are recognized for the first time: sects Hirsutae (type species L. hirsuta) Lasiosphaeria (type species L. hirsuta), Setosae (type species L. breviseta), Strigosae (type species L. canescens), and Subiculatae (type species L. punctata). The separations are mainly based on the nature of the peridial hairs or setae, structure of the ascomatal wall, ostiole, ascospore shape and septation, and anamorphs (where known). Notes are also included on Cercophora, Herminia, and Ruzenia gen.nov. In Cercophora the ascospores develop a swollen upper part not seen in Lasiosphaeria and the species are coprophilous; the authors wonder if this difference in the ascospores and the divergent substrates are sufficient to merit the retention of separate genera. The monotypic Ruzenia (type species L. spermoides) is distinguished on the basis of a basal stroma connecting the perithecia; these are also smooth. Finally, two families are discussed: Jodosphaeriaceae fam. nov. introduced for the genus Jodosphaeria. The type species of Jodosphaeria has asci with an amyloid apical ring; that genus had previously been referred to the Amphisphaeriaceae. However, the authors point out that the ascospores are quite different from those of other taxa in that family, and that the ascal rings are similar to those in the Lasiosphaeriaceae except in their reaction with iodine. Interestingly, a second species of Iodosphaeria has no visible apical structures in the asci. Finally, the authors point out that Munk pores occur in Cercophora and Lasiosphaeria as well as in genera of the Nitschkeaceae. The whole is illustrated by fine line drawings by the late Ruzena Huilber. The publication of this booklet prior to the completion of the monograph was effected in order to allow others to comment on the infrageneric system being proposed — an unusual and welcome step. If you work on these fungi, do examine the proposals for the sectional classification in particular and contact Dr Hilber. LICHEN-FORMING FUNGI Key to the Genera of Australian Lichens: Apothecial Crusts. By H. T. Lumbsch, P. M. McCarthy & W. M. Malcolm. 2001. Australian Biological Resources Study, G.P.O. Box 787, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia. [Flora of Australia Supplementary Series No. 11.] Pp. vi+ 64. ISBN 0 642 56813 8. Price A$ 31, US $ 16. Although The Genera of Australian Lichens (Rogers 1981) is now inevitably dated, as a set of updated generic keys is provided in the Flora of Australia (Rogers 1992) one might be excused for wondering why a new set of keys was prepared. On opening this new book, the reasons are very clear. Not only is it superbly illustrated by colour photographs, but also supporting characters and references to pertinent literature are provided where each genus is keyed out. As it will be many years before the Flora of Australia covers all these genera, this will provide a most valuable stop-gap. It is also spiral-bound, imaking it a delight to use next to the microscope! Further, as most genera are far from restricted to the continent, this small book deserves to be sought by amateur and professional lichenologists worldwide. I say sought deliberately as by the time I learnt of its existence stocks in Canberra were already exhausted; fortunately I was subsequently able to purchase a second-hand copy; the prices indicated above are thus somewhat academic. For those wondering why only apothecial crusts are treated, it should be noted that a key to pyrenocarpous genera in Australia appears in the third lichen volume of the Flora (see Mycotaxon 83: 505-506, 2002). It is to be hoped that the ABRS will consider reprinting this text shortly. Rogers, R. W. (1981) The Genera of Australian Lichens (lichenized fungi). St Lucia: University of Queensland. Rogers, R. W. (1991) Keys to Australian lichen genera. Flora of Australia 54: 65-94. 482 A Revision of the Lichen Genus Paraparmelia Elix & J. Johnst. By John A. Elix. 2001. J. Cramer in der Gebruder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung, D-14129 Berlin, Germany. [Bibliotheca Lichenologica No. 80.] Pp. 224, figs 126, tables 5. ISBN 3 443 58059 9. Price € 76. With so many parmelioid lichens described, revisions of the various segregated genera have become more and more essential. Paraparmelia was introduced in 1986 for species with a grey upper surface, narrow lobes with no marginal cilia, and atranorin in the upper cortex. The species are primarily saxicolous, but some can be rarely terricolous. They can be viewed as usnic-acid deficient Xanthoparmelia’s with which they share the same cell-wall polysaccharides and conidial types, and this close relationship is supported by mtDNA sequence data. However, regardless of the issue of generic concepts, such carefully worked revisions are essential to an understanding of the species. Eighty-three species are accepted, a massive increase over the 35 included when the genus name was introduced; nine of the species are described as new here. Most occur in Australia or southern Africa, and none are known from North and South America nor from Europe. I found the introductory sections especially helpful; this includes comparisons with other genera, summaries of species showing particular features, geographical distributions (with species known from particular countries or regions), and detailed information on the secondary compounds. A clear key is provided, although the emphasis on chemical characters may cause difficulties for those without easy access to thin- layer chromatographic facilities. For the accepted species, full details of places of publication and types are provided, and there are also entries for chemistry, previously published illustrations, distribution and habitat, and notes. Lists of specimens studied, distribution maps, and first-rate half-tone photographs are also provided. Twelve species are excluded from the genus, most being transferred to Canoparmelia because of differences in the cell-wall polysaccharides; others are referred to Karoowia or Xanthoparmelia. This carefully executed revision will be needed by all students of Southern Hemisphere macrolichens. The Lichen Genera Rinodina and_ Rinodinella (lichenized ascomycetes, Physciaceae) in the Iberian Peninsula. By Mireia Giralt. 2001. J. Cramer in der Gebruder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung, D-14129 Berlin, Germany. [Bibliotheca Lichenologica No. 79.] Pp. 160, plates 18. ISBN 3 443 58058 0. Price € 80. Mireia Giralt has been studying the Rinodina species in the Iberian Peninsula for over ten years, and has published some 13 papers on the genus to date. This new book represents a synthesis of her knowledge, and brings data on species growing on rock, trees, mosses, and lichens together. Seventy-six species of Rinodina and two of Rinodinella are accepted, along with “Buellia” parvula of uncertain generic position. The Iberian Peninsula is thus amongst the richest region for these lichens so far discovered. Information is also presented on 11 excluded species, mostly based on past misdeterminations. The species are keyed out by habitat, something which always worries me as it means that if a species turns up on a different substrate it may not be correctly identified. For each species, full bibliographic citations and types are provided, but not basionyms and synonyms unless used in recent years; full synonymies would perhaps have made the work more comprehensive but at the same time would have increased the length substantially. Details of where further information can be sought is, however, provided, as are descriptions, notes on chemistry, observations and lists of specimens examined. Ascospore sketches are collected together in the final series of plates, but no habitat photographs or micrographs are provided; again, both would have been helpful, especially to show variation in ascospores as they mature, but this would have involved considerably more work. That the work is in English will greatly extend its audience and use around the Mediterranean, but I hope that this will not limit its use in the Iberian Peninsula itself. This is another example of the high level of understanding lichenology in Spain has reached, and the author is to be thanked for synthesizing her studies and making them more readily accessible. 483 Lichenological Contributions in Honour of Jack Elix. Edited by P. M. McCarthy, G. Kantvilas & S. H. J. J. Louwhoff. 2001. J. Cramer in der Gebruder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung, D-14129 Berlin, Germany. [Bibliotheca Lichenologica No. 78.] Pp. 444. ISBN 3 443 58057 2. Price € 87. Jack Elix has become internationally recognized not only as one of our leading lichen chemists, but also a systematist with a wide range of interests who has made — and is continuing to make - a major contribution to Southern Hemisphere lichenology. His publications list from 1969- 2000 includes 387 titles; many co-authored and testifying to Jack’s willingness to help others. His wide range of interests and popularity are reflected in this volume which has been compiled to mark his sixtieth birthday. That this volume comprises 30 articles involving 54 contributors testifies to his popularity and the esteem in which he has held. However, the authors must have had strict limits placed on the lengths of contributions to attain an average length of 14 pages. This inevitably means that while sound scientifically, few of the papers could be substantial and are often restricted to descriptions of one or a few new species or revisions of small genera. The more substantial contributions concern the families Candelariaceae (here subsumed into Lecanoraceae), Fuscideaceae and Pannariaceae, and the genera Caloplaca, Lethariella, Menegazzia, Miriquidica, Physcia, Placopsis, Rimularia, Sagedia, Tuckermannopsis, and Umbilicaria. Those interested in these groups certainly need to see this volume, and as it has a strong Southern Hemisphere (and especially Australasian) focus it will be sought after by lichenologists working in this region. Corticole und Lignicole Arten der Flechtengattung Buellia sensu lato in den Subtropen und Tropen. By Bernhard Marbach. 2000. J. Cramer in der Gebruder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung, D-14129 Berlin, Germany. [Bibliotheca Lichenologica No. 74.] Pp. 384, figs 163, tables 6. ISBN 3 443 58053 X. Price € 82. Buellia, in the broadest sense, is one of the most speciose genera of crustose lichen-fungi with over 400 accepted species. In recent years, some genera have been segregated primarily on the basis of differences in the conidia (e.g. Amandinea) or ascospores (e.g. Hafellia). However, there has been no overall study of the genus attempting to revise generic concepts, although Nordin has since addressed those referred to Diplotomma. Here, Marbach examines the tropical and subtropical species on bark and wood. This is the first time many of the taxa have been critically studied since their original desriptions, and while surprises were to be expected, the extent of the proposals for changes at the generic level are staggering. Not only are nine new generic names introduced (Baculifera, Chrismofulvea, Ciposia, Cratiria, Endohyalina, Fluctua, Hypoflavia, Sculptolumina, and Stigmatochroma), two genera are resurrected (Gassicurtia and Tetramelas). Naturally, Amandinea and Hafellia are accepted, but Buellia s. str. and Diplotomna s. str. species do not occur on bark or wood in the tropics or subtropics. The author presumes that the proposal to conserve Buellia with the saxicolous B. aethalea made in 1999 will be accepted. Marbach’s new generic concepts are based on a wide range of characters, tabulated on pp. 42-44; these include thallus chemistry, ascospore structure, conidium-type, hymenium inspersion, paraphyses types, apothecial pruinosity, and exciple structure and pigmentation. Not all mycologists would regard all the differences documented here as appropriate to segregate genera, and it is inevitable that much debate will now ensue, some authors accepting particular decisions but not all. It is unfortunate that the study did not include any molecular data as in the early twenty-first century that is increasingly a prerequisite for the justification of major changes in generic concepts. Further, it will be of interest to see how the generic concepts hold when applied to temperate and boreal taxa; this is a refreshing situation to be worked with as it is more usual to struggle to’fit’ tropical taxa into concepts based on temperate taxa. ‘ Independently from the issue of generic concepts, Marbach has made an amazing contribution to improving species concepts and unravelling species names from the past. Thirty-one species new to science are described, and numerous species are relegated to 484 synonymy for the first time. For each species, detailed descriptions are provided, and in many cases line drawings of the key microscopical features and distribution maps are included. There are a few photomicrographs and scanning electron micrographs in the introductory sections, but no habit illustrations at all. Keys are provided in both German and Esperanto (a practice of doubtful value), and short diagnoses in the latter language are also to be found. There are notes on pertinent generic names, and also excluded species (some with descriptions and drawings). This is without doubt a landmark publication which cannot be ignored by any workers on buellioid lichens, who must now take a position on which segregates to accept and which to ignore - while awaiting molecular data. Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Buellia Species with Pluriseptate spores (Lecanorales, Ascomycotina). By Anders Nordin. 2000. Uppsala University Library, Box 510, SE- 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden. [Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses Vol. 33(1).] Pp. 117. ISBN 91 554 4915 8. Price not indicated. Buellia Species with Plurispetate Spores and the Physciaceae (Lecanorales, Ascomycotina). By Anders Nordin. 2001. Uppsala University Library, Box 510, SE- 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden. [Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology No. 593.] Pp. 15. ISBN 91 554 4879 8. Price Skr 50. The species of Buellia s. lat. with multiseptate ascospores have long been in need of a fresh revision. Anders Nordin started to publish on the group in 1995, and this PhD work is the culmination of his studies. The dissertation summary covers six papers, of which the 2000 one cited above is the most substantial. In that, thirty-five species are treated, for which there is a key, detailed descriptions including ultrastructure and developmental information on ascospores, chemistry, distribution maps, and lists of specimens examined. The work has been carefully carried out and this will be the corner-stone for identifications of these taxa throughout the world for many years to come. Five species are described as new to science, several new lectoptypifications are made, and the well-known name B. epipolia is treated as a synonym of B. alboatra; most collections named as B. epipolia are considered to belong to B. venusta. In selecting the taxon names to investigate, the author was guided by those that have been formally placed in Diplotomma, with the result that some names that might have been expected to be found are missing (e.g. Buellia rivas-martinezii). However, the issue of generic circumscription is skirted over, especially the application of the generic name Diplotomma to a subset of these species. Nordin does note that that generic name ‘might be used in a more narrow sense’ but does not take the descision to use it (as some authors have for over 20 years). This might have been wise in view of his absence of molecular sequence data and the current debate as to how Buellia s. str. should be typified. A cladistic analysis has the core of this group as a monophyletic clade, but nested within (and between) clades which include species competing as conserved types of Buellia. However, as yet unpublished molecular work does show that Diplotomma s. str. is a monophyletic taxon separate from other Buellia species. Nevertheless, it is pleasing to see such traditional and careful work combined with ultrastructural studies still being recognized as meriting a PhD in the early twenty-first century even without a molecular angle; it is to hoped that this practice will be continued in other universities as without such studies the foundation for molecular investigations will be unsafe. BASIDIOMYCETES The Amanita caesarea complex. By Gaston Guzman and Florencia Ramirez-Guillén. 2001. J. Cramer in der Gebruder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung, D-14129 Berlin, Germany. [Bibliotheca Mycologica No. 187.] Pp. 66, figs 107 (16 in colour), tables 2. ISBN 3 443 59089 6. Price € 46. 485 This complex includes some of the most attractive and well-known Amanita species but has not been subject to a modern reappraisal. Their familiarity is evidenced by them having over 60 common names in Mexico and Guatemala where they are as sought-after as a most desirable food just as are the European members of the complex. The revision is based on a study of over 240 collections from Central and North America, Africa, Asia and Europe. The A. caesarea complex is found to comprise at least 13 species, of which four are newly described (A. basii, A. tectomate, A. tullossii, and A. yema spp.nov.). In addition, eight species in the A. hemibapha complex are treated, including one new species (A. /aurae sp.nov.). Traditional macro- and micromorphological features are used in the separations, and clear line drawings and colour photographs are provided. Six species occur in Mexico, and these are keyed out with notes on some extra-Mexican species. Neither A. caesarea nor A. hemibapha occur in North America, although A. caesarea s. str. is present but rare in Mexico. A. basii, with smaller basidiospores, is also present in Spain, while A. jacksonii appears to be the commonest species in North America and Mexico. This will certainly remain the basic reference work on this group of fungi for many years and merits a place in the libraries of all specialist agaricologists. [Polypores of Finland and adjacent Russia.] By Tuomo Niemela. 2001. Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 7, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Norrlinia Vol. 8.] Pp. 120, figs 69. In Russian. ISBN 952 10 0107 0. Price not indicated. . This survey of the polypores in Finland and adjacent parts of Russia, particularly the Karelian Republic, treats 220 species. Basic information on fruit body types and terminology precedes a series of keys. Drawings of the fruit bodies of selected species are provided, and there is an extensive series of half-tone photographs — the latter poor relations to the colour photographs available in the CD-treatment of the Finnish species (Niemela & Meike, 1999). Descriptions are provided, but, refreshingly, neither author citations nor details of places of publication are given in the text — features hardly pertinent in a work designed also to appeal to Russian- speaking non-specialists (a fuller treatment in Finnish is also available; Niemela, 2001); author citations can, however, be found in the index for those requiring them. Niemelii, T. (2001) Suomen kaapien maaritysopas: guide to the polypores of Finland. 13" ed. Helsingin yliopiston kasvititeen monisteita 179: 1-142. [Not seen.] Niemela, T. & Meike, J. (1999) CD-Kddpdopas: CD guide to the polypores of Finland. Helsinki: Finnish Museum of Natural History. Flora Fungorum Sinicorum. Vol. 12. Ustilaginaceae. Principal editor Guo Lin. 2000. Science Press, Beijing. Pp. xi + 124, figs 266. In Chinese. ISBN 7 03 008228 1. Price 28 Yuan. This is the sixth volume of which I am aware to have appeared in this ambitious series which endeavours to provide descriptions of all the fungi so far known from the People’s Republic of China. This contribution treats 139 genera Anthracoidea (16 spp.), Cintractia ()\), Dermatosorus (1), Farysia (1), Franzpetrakia (2), Liroa (1), Melanopsichium (1), Moesziomyces (1), Orphanomyces (1), Schizonella (1), Sorosporium (1), Sphacelotheca (2), Sporosporium (35), Thecaphora (9), Tolyposporium (1), and Ustilago (63). In addition, 13 species are excluded for various reasons. For each accepted species, full bibliographic details are provided, as are keys, descriptions and references to published reports and voucher specimens. A particular feature is the plates which include both light microscopic and scanning electron micrographs of the spores of almost all species covered. This level of illustration makes the book of particular value to smut workers outside as well as within China, even though it is appropriately written in Chinese. A list of species by host family and genus is provided, as is a comprehensive index to scientific names of both hosts and fungi. As some 253 species of smut fungi are known just from the Carpathian mountains in Europe (Vanky, 1985) 486 we can be certain that many more still await discovery and documentation in so vast a country as China; the existence of this work will surely stimulate that process. Vanky, K. (1985) Carpathian Ustilaginales. Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses 24(2): 1-309. CONIDIAL FUNGI First Contribution to a Monograph of Septoria species in India. By J. Muthumary. 1999. Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India. Pp. 117, figs 19, plates 10. ISBN not indicated. Price Rs 250, US $ 40. This work, although published in 1999, only just came to my attention and is mentioned here as it has not been reviewed in previous issues of Mycotaxon. It describes 83 taxa of which type material was examined for 52. Traditional concepts are followed with an emphasis on host as well as morphological features in species separations. An host-based key is provided, and drawings and photographs are included for many species. Full descriptions, synonymy, and details of types studied are presented, together with information on the Indian collections seen. Three new species are described, Septoria fusiformis (on Hydrocotyle asiatica), S. kodaikanalensis (on Hydrocotyle asiaticae), and S. prinsepiae (on Prinsepia utilis). The name S. laneopsis “Comb. nov.” is mentioned on p. 20, but on p. 65 P. launaeae Rao 1962 non Khan & Kamal 1962 appears; a “nomen novum” for the presumably later homonym rather than a new combination was evidently intended, but sadly not printed on the appropriate page. A list of 47 further species recorded from India is given for which no authentic material could be obtained, and 18 additional species are excluded which require redisposition in other genera. The work has clearly been undertaken painstakingly, and whatever reappraisal of species concepts in the genus comes from future molecular phylogenetic studies, such works provide both a stop-gap for those needing to name these fungi and at the same time the basic framework on which the new technologies need to focus. MISCELLANEOUS New World Botany: from Columbus to Darwin. By Ronald H. Petersen. 2001. A. R. G. Gantner Verlag K.G., FL 9491 Ruggell. [Distributed by Koeltz Scientifc Books, HerrnwaldstraBe, D-61462 Konigstein, Germany.] Pp. xv + 638. ISBN 3 904144 75 8 (hardback), 3 904144 74 X (paperback). Price DM 180 (hardback), 120 (paperback). ‘Ron’ Peterson is recognized as one of the world’s foremost mycologists. We have long known he had an historical bent, but I had not appreciated that this is extended to such an in-depth knowledge of the botanical exploration of American botany. The book describes the European background to exploration, with extensive information on the politics and territories in that continent as well as the key workers and publications in botany. There is much on early scientific societies and entrepreneurs in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden and the UK in particular. Details of the voyages of the early European explorers are provided, with maps, before the works and travels of those pioneering botany in North, South and Central America and the West Indies are addressed. The whole work is packed with fascinating information of all kinds, not least on the traits and foibles on many of the individuals involved, which is not easily accessible elsewhere in one place. I cannot imagine any botanist or mycologist not finding this a fascinating work to delve into — and a way to discover something of the human side of familiar names such as Curis, Michaux, Nuttall, Rafinesque and St Hilaire. Did you also know that the first record of a fungus from North America is thought to be Mutinus elegans reported from Virginia by John Bannister in 1679, Attention should also be drawn to the chapter by chapter listing of “additional readings” which includes many items that would not normally cross a mycologist’s desk. In such an information-packed work, it is inevitable that 487 slips arise. Sadly, one reviewer (Jackson 2002) has sought to highlight many of these, although he has missed or does not cite others (e.g. publication of Species Plantarum in 1743 mentioned on p. 232, but correctly given on p. 234). Jackson does not seem to have understood the potential value of the work for those wishing to determine just where some of the early collections were made; I wish it had been to hand when I was working on North American alectorioid lichens in the 1970s. Ron is to be thanked for making the amazing amount of information he has amassed over the years available to all. Although as in all good science one should endeavour to verify facts before citing them and this should be borne in mind when using this as a reference source, but in my view this is a work that should be in key botanical and mycological reference libraries worldwide. Jackson, I. (2002) Tidbits from term papers. Taxon 51: 228-229. The Poverty of the Linnaean Hierarchy. By Marc Ereshefsky. 2001. Cambridge University Press, The Edinburgh Building, Shaftesbury Road, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UKSP peer B TGsISBNOS2 1e78 (70cl p Price £40. Subtitled “A philosophical study of biological taxonomy’, this book by an Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Calgary is a fascinating book to dip into, but in small doses if you are a practising taxonomist rather than a philosopher and do not seek a sudden rise in blood pressure. By looking at the names of people acknowledged in the Preface it is obvious that the slant is the cause of those supporting the PhyloCode and this certainly proves to be the case. There are, for example, eight references to papers by de Queiroz but no mention whatsoever of ones relating to the Draft BioCode. There is also a zoological bias, as evidenced by the citation of only the 1988 edition of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature and not those of 1994 or 2000, and no mention of the approaches of the virologists (and Regenmortal’s insightful approaches). In the final chapter on ‘The future of biological nomenclature’ 11 recommendations are made for use in the post-Linnean system; amongst these are not assigning taxa to Linnean ranks, the retention of suffixes but not indicating a rank, optional use of suffixes, no italicisation of names, retaining binomials and trinomials in use but not interpreting them as having a rank, using uninomials for newly discovered basal taxa, and giving phylogenetic definitions to names. I decided to draw attention to this book here, as I feel it is important for mycologists to appreciate the kind of thinking that is appearing in some esoteric circles. However, I would have preferred to see a more balanced approach to the topic rooted in the main purpose of taxonomy, to provide a stable and unambiguous method of communicating about organisms. 489 NOMENCLATURAL NOVELTIES PROPOSED IN MYCOTAXON VOLUME 85 Asterina altingiae B. Song, p. 319 Asterina bruceae B. Song, p. 321 Asterina loropetali B. Song, p. 321 Asterina pouteriae B. Song, p. 323 Brachydesmiella eugecapiellana R. F. Castafieda, Iturriaga & Saikawa, p. 212 Ciboria salmonea Raitv. & H. D. Shin, p. 337 Crocicreas albidum Raitv. & H. D. Shin, p. 333 Entoloma indicum Natarajan & C. Ravindran, p. 144 Entoloma nilgiriense Natarajan & C. Ravindran, p. 143 Entvloma frondosa Vanky, p. 6 Fusicladosporium Partridge & Morgan Jones, p. 360 Fusicladosporium carpophilum Partridge & Morgan-Jones, p. 362 Fusicladosporium effusum (G. Winter) Partridge & Morgan-Jones, p. 364 Fusicladosporium humile (Davis) Partridge & Morgan-Jones, p. 366 Gymnopilus terricola K. A. Thomas, Guzm.-Dav. & Manim., p. 302 Gymnopus dryophilus var. lanipes Antonin, A. Ortega & Esteve-Rav., p.72 Gymnopus pubipes Antonin, A. Ortega & Esteve-Rav., p. 69 Gymnopus pubipes var. pallidopileatus Antonin, A. Ortega & Esteve-Rav., p. 71 Hyalophytophthora elongata H. H. Ho & S. H. Huang, p. 417 Lachnum orinocense (Pat. & Gaillard) W. Y. Zhuang, p. 155 Lactarius atroviolaceus Montoya & Bandala, p. 403 Lactarius cristulatus Montoya & Mandala, p. 395 Lactarius montanus (Hesler & A. H. Sm.) Montoya & Bandala, p. 400 Lanzia eburnea Raitv, & H. H. Shin, p. 339 Macalpinomyces elionuri-tripsacoidis Vanky, p. 43 Macalpinomyces elymandrae (Viennot-Bourgin) Vanky, p. 58 Macalpinomyces pretoriensis (Pole-Evans) Vanky, p. 57 Macalpinomyces ugandensis Vanky, p. 50 Macrolepiota brunnescens Vellinga, p. 184 Macrolepiota pulchella de Meyer & Vellinga, p. 184 Macrolepiota velosa Vellinga & Zhu L. Yang, p. 184 Marasmius albidocremeus Antonin, p. 110 Marasmius bururiensis Antonin, p. 111 Marasmius camerunensis Antonin, p. 113 Marasmius foliiphilus Antonin, p. 115 Marasmius kigwenensis Antonin, p. 116 Marasmius lacteoides Antonin, p. 118 Marasmius longicystidiatus Antonin, p. 119 Marasmius minutoides Antonin, p. 121 Marasmius minutoides var. angustisporus Antonin, p. 123 Marasmius muramwyanensis Antonin, p. 124 Marasmius nyikae Antonin, p. 126 Marasmius tshopoensis Antonin, p. 128 Memnoniella indica Kesh. Prasad, Asha & Bhat, p. 341 490 Memnoniella longistipitata D. W. Li, Chin S. Yang, Vesper & Haugland, p. 254 Microbotryum silybum Vanky & D. Berner, p. 308 Minimelanolocus olivaceus R. F. Castafieda Ruiz & Guarro. p. 232 Moreaua spicis (Savile) Vanky, p. 57 Parmotrema euplectinum Elix, Noicharoen & Wolesley, p. 326 Peniophora taiwanensis Sheng H. Wu, p. 197 Pertusaria alboaspersa var. deficiens Jariangprasert & A. W. Archer, p. 290 Pertusaria hyalocola Jariangprasert & A. W. Archer, p. 292 Pertusaria litchicola Jariangprasert & A. W. Archer, p. 292 Pertusaria subplabaica var. tetraspora Jariangprasert & A. W. Archer, p. 293 Pestalotiopsis alées (Trinchieri) J.X. Zhang & T. Xu, p. 9/ Pestalotiopsis clusiae (Griffon & Maubl.) J.X. Zhang & T. Xu, p. 92 Pestalotiopsis elasticola (P. Henn.) Z.X. Zhang & T. Xu, p. 93 Pestalotiopsis eusora (Sacc.) J.X. Zhang & T. Xu, p. 93 Pestalotiopsis laughtonae (Doidge) J.X. Zhang & T. Xu, p. 94 Pestalotiopsis macrochaeta (Speg.) J.X. Zhang & T. Xu, p. 94 Pestalotiopsis maangifolia (Guba) J.X. Zhang & T. Xu, p. 95 Pestalotiopsis scirpina (Ellis & G. Martin) J.X. Zhang & T. Xu, p. 95 Pestalotiopsis vismiae (Petr.) J.X. Zhang & T. Xu, p. 96 Phallus pygmaeus Baseia, p. 78 Pholiota cystidiata Natarajan & C. Ravindran, p. 273 Pholiota sylva Natarajan & C. Ravindran, p. 271 Pithomyces clavisporopsis X. G. Zhang & T. Y. Zhang, p. 242 Pithomyces gladoli X. G. Zhang & T. Y. Zhang, p. 241 Pithomyces musae X. G. Zhang & Y. M. Wu, p. 131 Pithomyces saccharicola X. G. Zhang & T. Y. Zhang, p. 243 Pesudoacrodictys W. A. Baker & Morgan-Jones, p. 373 Pseudoacrodictys appendiculata (M. B. Elis) W. A. Baker & Morgan-Jones, p. 374 Pseudoacrodictys brevicornuta (M. B. Ellis) W. A. Baker & Morgan-Jones, p. 376 Pseudoacrodictys corniculata (R. F. Castafieda) W. A. Baker & Morgan-Jones, p. 378 Pseudoacrodictys deightonii (M. B. Ellis) W.A. Baker & Morgan-Jones, p. 380 Pseudoacrodictys dennisii (M. B. Ellis) W. A. Baker & Morgan-Jones, p. 384 Pseudoacrodictys eickeri (Morgan-Jones) W. A. Baker & Morgan-Jones, p. 386 Pseudoacrodictys viridescens (B. Sutton & Alcorn) W. A. Baker & Morgan-Jones, p. 388 Puccinia malatyensis Gjerum & Bahcecioglu, p. 166 Protousnea fibrillatae Calvelo, Stocker-Worgétter, Liberatore & Elix, p. 280 Puccinia onosmatis Gjerum & Bahcecioglu, p. 167 Puccinia umbilicicola Gjerum & Bahcecioglu, p. 169 Puccinia yildizii Gjezrum & Bahcecioglu, p. 170 Relicina polycarpa Elix & Polyiam, p. 328 Restiosporium dapsilanthi Vanky, p. 50 Selenodriella ponmudiensis (Varghese & V.G. Rao) R.F. Castafieda & Saikawa, p. 225 Sporisorium absconditum Vanky, p. 36 Sporisorium argentinum (Hirschh.) Vanky, p. 58 Sporisorium anadelphiae (Viennot-Bourgin) Vanky, p. 58 Sporisorium barberi (Mundkur) Vanky, p. 20 Sporisorium bengalense (H. & P. Sydow & Butler) Vanky, p. 21 Sporisorium berndtii Vanky, p. 37 Sporisorium compactum Vanky, p. 23 Sporisorium cymbicum Vanky, p. 23 Sporisorium cymbopogonis (Mundkur) Vanky, p. 25 Sporisorium densiflorum (L. Ling) Vanky, p. 27 Sporisorium divisum Vanky, p. 10 Sporisorium eriochrysis Vanky, p. 56 Sporisorium lanigeri (Magnus) Vanky, p. 27 Sporisorium mildbraedii (H. & P. Sydow) Vanky, p. 29 Sporisorium mutabile (H. Sydow) Vanky, p. 29 Sporisorium nardi (H. & P. Sydow) Vanky, p. 30 Sporisorium panici-carthaginense (Speg.) Vanky, p. 58 Sporisorium parodii (Hirschh.) Vanky, p. 59 Sporisorium pennisetinum (S. Ahmad) Vanky, p. 13 Sporisorium rhytachnes-rottboellioidis Vanky, p. 54 Sporisorium sphacelatum Vanky, p. 13 Sporisorium spermoideum (Berk. & Broome) Vanky, p. 31 Sporisorium spegazzinii Vanky, p. 33 Sporisorium tothii Vanky, p. 14 Sporisorium tristachyae-nodiglumis Vanky, p. 46 Sporisorium urelytri (L. Ling) Vanky, p. 60 Sporisorium zambianum Vanky, p. 42 Stemphylium allii-cepaei X. G. Zhang & T. Y. Zhang, p. 250 Stemphylium gossypii X. G. Zhang & T. Y. Zhang, p. 247 Stemphylium lactuci X. G. Zhang & T. Y. Zhang, p. 248 Stemphylium momordi X. G. Zhang & T. Y. Zhang, p. 249 Tranzscheliella halophila (Speg.) Vanky, p. 2 Tranzscheliella halophiloides (G. W. Fischer) Vanky, p. 2 Tranzscheliella jacksonii (Zundell & Dunlap) Vanky, p. 3 Tranzscheliella macrochloae (Pat.) Vanky, p. 3 Tranzscheliella minima (Arthur) Vanky, p. 3 Tranzscheliella sparti (Massenot) Vanky, p. 4 Tranzscheliella ventanensis (Hirschh.) Vanky, p. 4 Tricholoma zangii Z. M. Cao, Y. J. Yao & Pegler, p. 161 Trichopeziza juglandis Vaitv. & H. D. Shin, p. 334 Tuckermanella Essl., p. 135 Tuckermanella arizonica Essl., p. 137 Tuckermanella coralligera Essl., p. 139 Tuckermanella fendleri Essl., p. 139 Tuckermanella pseudoweberi Essl., p. 139 Tuckermanella subfendleri Essl., p. 140 Tuckermanella weberi Essl., p. 140 Uredo sarcocollae Mennicken, Berndt & Oberw., p. 147 Yuea O. E. Eikss., p. 314 Yuea chusqueicola (Speg.) O. E. Erikss., p. 314 49] 492 Page 32, line 21 Page 81, line 29 Page 91, line 10 Page 143, line 7 *Page 143, line 17 *Page 144, line 20 Page 145, line 1 Page 144, line 3 Page 227, line 7 Page 227, line 12 Page 353, line 5 * Both of these new names are to be treated as published correctly by virtue of this notice of errata. for for for for for for for for for for for for ERRATA VOLUME EIGHTY-FIVE cymbbopogoni-distanti triseptata clusia E. nilgirisiensis E. indica Entoloma nilgirisiensis Entoloma indica nilgirisiensis indica Sporochisma Sporochisma Pseudobotyrtis read read read read read read read read read read read read cymbopogonis-distantis triseptatum clusiae E. nilgirisiense E. indicum Entoloma nilgirisiense Entoloma indicum nilgirisiense indicum Sporoschisma Sporoschisma Pseudobotrytis MY COTAXON Volume LXXXV, pp. 493-501 January-March 2003 INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS (updated January 2003) Mycotaxon is an international journal for articles on the taxonomy and nomenclature of fungi. Publication is open to all persons. The Editor-in-Chief receives camera-ready copy of manuscripts that have been reviewed prior to submission by an expert(s) in the field. The author is responsible for obtaining and documenting peer review of the manuscript, and preparing camera-ready copy. It falls to the author to prepare concise, well-formatted copy, free of error, that accurately conveys the author's ideas in an economy of space. No page charges are incurred for papers with fewer than sixty-five (65) pages and one or fewer halftone plates per ten (10) pages of text. Determine that the work is suitable for publication in Mycotaxon Mycotaxon 1s restricted to papers on the taxonomy and nomenclature of fungi. We intend this broadly, to include not only monographic work or arguments dealing with specific nomenclatural problems: we will also accept papers devoted to floristics, reviews of taxonomic groups or of taxonomic criteria, nomenclatural and taxonomic argumentations and polemics, proceedings of symposia on taxonomic or nomenclatural matters, subject, title or taxon indices of taxonomists' writings, etc. Papers that deal with ecology, cytology, physiology, pathology, ultrastructure, molecular biology, phylogeny, etc., unless their primary focus is taxonomic, should be submitted to another journal. Prospective authors are encouraged to send a draft of their manuscript to the Editor-in- Chief for a decision on the suitability of a manuscript for publication in the journal. Articles may be of any length. A maximum of sixty-four (64) free pages per author (based on senior authors) is permitted in any one year. Partial costs of publication will be charged beyond. sixty-four pages for each excess page (the current charge for excess pages is $18.00 per page). Similarly, authors are allowed one photographic halftone plate for each ten pages of manuscript (an eleven-page manuscript thus qualifies for two halftone plates, a twenty-one-page manuscript qualifies for three, etc.). Authors who wish to publish papers with halftones in excess of this allowance must be prepared to pay for the extra cost of these (currently, $18.00 per extra plate). Prepare a fully formatted draft of the manuscript Decide which of the three standard formats you will employ for your manuscript. You may choose from 100%, Elite (88% reduction), and Pica (73% reduction). Consider what style of type is available on your typewriter or what type fonts, reduction capability, and margin settings (especially top and bottom margins) are available on your wordprocessor and printer. Many authors find it useful to draw a rectangle matching the format dimensions on a piece of paper in a dark or colored ink that can 494 ~ serve as a template to check that the manuscript pages conform to the specified dimensions: ‘Reduct ‘Page Dimensions Font ‘Blank space, page |__ {100% (no red'n.) {17.6x 11cm Spt {18cm Note the amount of blank space to be left at the top of page one. Your text on the title page will be that much shorter than succeeding pages. The Mycotaxon header will be inserted there by the editor. While Mycotaxon authors enjoy greater freedom than most in composing their papers, a few recommendations should guide the design of your article. Articles may be written in either English or French. The standard elements of an article are the title, name(s) and address(es) of author(s), abstract, keywords, main text, and literature cited. TITLE All titles should be in BOLD UPPERCASE letters throughout (preferably Arial or Helvetica font), to set them off from the body of the text, and italics must NOT be used in titles. As most readers will judge by the title whether to read your article, make the title informative yet concise. Include in the title the taxa that are the focus of your paper, but omit the names of authorities. Titles in which author citations appear will result in automatic rejection for reformatting unless a covering letter explaining why an author citation in the title is critical accompanies the manuscript. Avoid abbreviations. Never end a title with a period, unless the final word is an abbreviation. AUTHOR(S)' NAME AND ADDRESS Give the name of the author or authors and their mailing addresses and, if desired, your e-mail address at the end. ABSTRACT An abstract is required for all articles exceeding four printed pages in length. Construct a paragraph that summarizes the paper and is meaningful if read alone and apart from the remainder of the paper. Include all conclusions, especially new taxa and new combinations. Always prepare one abstract in English or French. One or two additional abstracts in other languages may be added to summarize a /onger paper. The abstract should be brief but informative, should include all newly proposed names, and should be no more than 15 printed lines long. Do not include authorities for taxa (unless they are necessary to distinguish homonyms), as names of authorities should appear only once, in the text where the names are first mentioned or are proposed. Manuscripts that do not meet these criteria will be returned to the authors for correction. KEYWORDS Authors are encouraged to insert a heading for keywords, and a list of up to five such keywords, often used by abstracting services. Do not repeat terms in the title. Keywords should not be capitalized unless the word is a proper noun, and keywords and keyword phrases should be separated by commas, and NOT ended with a period, for, as with titles, the list is not a sentence. MAIN TEXT Sriefly introduce the reader to your subject, citing the significant prior literature. Present your work with emphasis on what is new to science in your report. When describing new taxa and proposing new combinations, take care to comply with the current /nternational Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Overall, be concise and document your ideas and observations. For authorities of taxa use standard 495 abbreviations as listed in Authors of Plant Names (R. K. Brummit & C. E. Powell, Kew, 1992) or in Authors of Fungal Names (P. M. Kirk & A. E. Amsell, CABI Publishing, 1992). Acronyms for herbaria and collections given in /ndex Herbariorum (P. K. Holmgren & al., eds., Bronx, 1990) should be followed. LITERATURE CITED Be sure to list all references cited in the text, and also check that all references in the literature cited section are cited in the main text. Use a standard form for abbreviating titles. The abbreviations used in B-P-H. Botanico-Periodico- Huntianum (G. H. M. Lawrence & al., eds., Pittsburg, 1968), B-P-H/S. Botanico- Periodico-Huntianum/Supplementum (G. D. R. Bridson, ed., Pittsburgh, 1991), and F. Stafleu and R. Cowan's Taxonomic Literature (2nd ed., vol. 1-7, Utrecht, 1976-1988, and supplements, vol. 1-3, by F. A. Stafleu & E. A. Mennenga, Konigstein, 1992-1995) are recommended. Do not separate citations by a blank line. Use single-spacing throughout. Prepare camera-ready copy DETERMINE THE SIZE AND PLACEMENT OF ILLUSTRATIONS All articles published in Mycotaxon begin on an odd-numbered, i.e., right-hand page. With this in mind, plan the size and placement of illustrations within the text. When possible, place an illustration within or facing the page of text where the illustration is first mentioned (preferably inserted on an odd numbered page). Unlike the text, illustrations may be submitted in any size. Figure 1 presents one method for calculating the proportionate reduction of figures. Alternatively, many authors find it simplifies the process of determining reduction to prepare illustrations that conform to one of the three standard formats (100%; 88% - Elite; 73% - Pica). The reduction option available on many photocopiers is another useful tool for checking a reduction calculation and even reducing line drawings to insert into the text. Beware of overreduction. A line drawing may fade to nothing if overreduced. On the other hand, a simple diagrammatic outline of, e.g., two or three cells, does not warrant a full-page illustration. Consider grouping drawings to aid comparison of species by the reader, and to keep the page length of an article to a minimum. If possible, keep legend(s) on the same page as the illustration, or on a facing page. Line drawings are reproduced by the same process as the text of the article. Thus, the line drawings can be easily inserted into the text, and the caption printed directly below or to the side of the drawing. As the printer's camera does not see the edges of cut paper, cut and paste illustrations and captions to assemble an attractive arrangement. Photographs are reproduced by a separate, halftone screen. If photographs are grouped to form a plate, take care that the contrast among the photographs is not too great. Photographs may fill the height of the page or less, but usually photographs should fill the fu/l width of the page. After planning the size and placement of a photographic plate, do not attach it to the text page. Rather, mount each photographic plate on a separate sheet of white, heavy paper or board. Allow enough margin around the photograph for editorial markings and printer's directions. Write the author's name on the top margin or reverse of the board. Captions are printed along with the text of the paper, NOT on the photographic plate. The camera-ready manuscript page will bear the caption and any other text, but only blank paper where the corresponding halftone will be inserted by the printer. If the halftone plate fills a whole page, plan the text 496 accordingly and print the caption so that it will appear on the facing page. Bear in mind that halftone reproduction is an extra printing expense and authors are limited to one halftone per ten pages of text. The charge for extra halftones is currently $18.00 per halftone plate. Photographs have a continuous tone, and when they are printed, whether in a magazine or on your home or office printer, they need first to be transformed into what is termed a halftone image. It consists for black and white photographs of many dots of varying size and spacing, which you can easly see by using a hand lens. Color reproductions, again whether in a magazine or produced on your color printer, consist of dots of several colors (usually three plus black) and sizes, spaced to achieve the color balance needed. Some recent manuscripts have been submitted to us with what we thought were glossy photographic plates. Instead these were computer-generated images, some produced using only black ink, but nonetheless in reality halftone images consisting of dots of various sizes. Still others, looking for all the world like black and white images, had been printed on a color printer, so that the dots were of at least 4 colors. All these images had to be re-scanned by our printer to allow their use by the printer on his photo- offset plates. Making a halftone from an existing halftone greatly degrades the image, often making it have far less contrast. Worse yet, the background in particular may consist of widely spaced dots of the 4 colors, but when made into a black and white image for Mycotaxon those hardly visible dots now all become black dots, and the background may become a murky, dark gray. HOW TO PREPARE DIGITAL IMAGES FOR DIRECT REPRODUCTION (according to the printers’ needs) Halftones Send with your manuscript either 1. a true (non-digital) photograph (or photographs combined to make a plate) to print, marked for percentage reduction to achieve exact final size, or 2. a TIFF file of digital materials at the exact final printed size scanned using a black and white setting to produce a file at 300 dots per inch. Each such TIFF file should be labeled as "[senior author] TIFF plate A, plate B, etc." and be sure the spaces left in your manuscript are similarly marked "Plate A, B, etc." A software program such as Adobe Photoshop will allow preparation of such TIFF files. Note: If you choose option 1, your photograph will be returned with your manuscript after printing. Line drawings Send these preferably as your original art work. These should be marked for amount of reduction needed for final size as printed. If your drawings have been produced as digital materials with vector information, they can instead be submitted as an EPS file at 600 or 1200 dots per inch, again at the exact final printed size. Avoid automatic rejection of your paper In our ongoing effort to improve the professional appearance of the journal we are enforcing some criteria which may result in automatic rejection of papers which require reformatting to meet these criteria. The following points should be carefully followed to ensure that your paper is not rejected on formatting grounds: 497 EMPLOY SINGLE-SPACING THROUGHOUT THE PAPER The final, camera- ready copy must be single-spaced throughout. Single blank lines may be used to separate paragraphs. Never use blank lines to separate entries in the literature cited section. CHOOSE CORRECT NUMBER OF LINES PER PAGE Authors frequently use too much space between lines or too large or too small a typeface (remember that many manuscripts are reduced when published). On a typical full page there should be between 40 and 46 lines. If some part of the page is data not meant to be "read" (e.g., Latin diagnoses, specimens examined), that portion can be rendered in a smaller typeface resulting in more lines on that page. Remember to try to save space in references cited: never use blank lines between references, and consider using a smaller typeface and closer line spacing for this part of the manuscript. NEVER USE UNDERLINING To achieve emphasis use italic typeface or use bold typeface or exceptionally you may wish to use bold italic typeface. Underlining is never used in printed publications, and when used on a typewriter it means "put this in italic typeface" to a printer, or adds emphasis in a handwritten document where italic typeface is not available. Though underlining is an easy option when using a computer, never use it when preparing camera-ready manuscripts. DECIDE WHAT TEXT MATTERS NEED EMPHASIS Use bold face for the title and for names of all new taxa at all ranks at the point in the text where they are formally described. Latin names of taxa at generic rank and below should otherwise be in /falics, and names of taxa above generic rank in normal typeface. Occasional use of bold face for headings or for names of taxa within keys may be pleasing. You can also emphasize headings by the use of UPPERCASE or of LARGE and SMALL CAPS. HEADINGS AND SUBHEADINGS MUST NOT APPEAR AS THE BOTTOM LINE OF THE PAGE Also, do not end any heading by a period (it 1s not a sentence). BE AWARE OF PUNCTUATION PROBLEMS It is critical that all ifalicized words that are followed by a punctuation mark have that punctuation mark also in /tfalics. Never leave a space before a punctuation mark. Parentheses ( ) and square brackets [ ] need attention: the open parenthesis or open square bracket needs a space before it, but NOT after it, and the close parenthesis or close square bracket never has a space before it and 1s followed either by a punctuation mark or by a space followed by another word. THE MICRON SYMBOL u can be generated in most computer text fonts by using option-m. Do not substitute a micron mark from some other font (such as Greek or Symbol). LEARN THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A HYPHEN, AN EN DASH AND AN EM DASH. A hyphen will break at a line end. An en dash 1s a longer hyphen (also used as a minus sign or can be used as a non-breaking hyphen) and is generated on the computer with option-dash. An em dash is still longer, and is generated with shift-option-hyphen. The three look like this: hyphen: —, en dash: —, and em dash: —. DO NOT PRINT HEADERS OR PAGE NUMBERS ON THE CAMERA-READY COPY A common error occurs when author's names and page numbers added to the manuscript as headers are captured by the printer's camera. To avoid this problem, do not add names or page numbers as printed headers. Rather, add the author's name and page numbers using a soft or non-photoreproducing blue pencil at the top of the page. 498 MAKE A FINAL CHECK FOR SPELLING AND GRAMMATICAL ERRORS It is the responsibility of the author to proofread the manuscript for spelling, typographic and grammatical errors. Special attention should be given to Latin diagnoses. Ask someone fluent in English (or French) to proofread the paper if you are not. Two common spelling errors are (i) mistakes in the author's own name and address, and (11) names of taxa are spelled one way in the text and another way in the caption of an illustration. PRINT CAMERA-READY MANUSCRIPT ON LETTER-SIZE OR A4 PAPER Presubmission review of title, abstracts, and keywords is now required Authors must first obtain editorial scrutiny of these three features of a proposed article, in which most of the problems resulting in automatic rejection occur, by e-mailing those items to the Mycotaxon Editorial Assistant at info@mycotaxon.com. Obtain presubmission review and revise the paper accordingly. Mycotaxon is unusual among scientific journals in that it is the responsibility of the authors to obtain reviews of their papers before submitting the manuscript. Send a copy of your fully formatted manuscript to a scientist outside of the author's home institution for critical comment. For longer articles, 20 pages or more in length, fvo reviewers are required. Any author who is uncertain whom to approach for a review of a manuscript is encouraged to send a draft or summary to the Editor-in-Chief. The editor will then suggest several researchers in the author's area of study. The reviewer's comments and a copy of the reviewer's covering letter must be mailed to the Editorial Assistant (see below) when a manuscript is submitted to the journal for publication. Authors are expected to respond to reviewer's comments by revising the manuscript. If the author disagrees with the reviewer, the discrepancy should be addressed in the cover letter to the editor. At the close of each volume of Mycotaxon the names of all those who provided pre-submission reviews will be separately acknowledged by the editors of the journal. It is the author's responsibility to provide each reviewer with a copy of the Reviewer's Guidelines for Mycotaxon Articles or to advise the reviewer that these Guidelines appear in Mycotaxon 68: 9-10, 1998 and are also posted on the journal's website. Be prepared to revise your pages when reviewer's suggestions may change where pages ended in the version sent to the reviewer. Double check that the changes have not resulted in any "widows" or "orphans" (single lines at the bottom or top of a page). For submission, a/ways print on only one side of the paper, regardless of format. SAVE AN EXTRA COPY OF THE MANUSCRIPT AS A COMPUTER FILE OR PHOTOCOPY As insurance against loss in the mails, save an Author's copy of the camera-ready manuscript either as a computer file or as a photocopy. Also, authors are asked to mail a photocopy of the fina/ manuscript to the Editor along with the camera- ready copy on which the Editor will insert the Mycotaxon header and page numbers. The photocopy will be used by the Index Editor. PREPARE A COVERING LETTER TO THE EDITOR INVOLVED ADDRESS YOUR LETTER AND MANUSCRIPTS TO 499 English Language Manuscripts All English language manuscripts are now to be sent ONLY to our U.S.A. addresses, which vary with the time of year (plan your mailing by expected arrival date at one of addresses): May 1“ through Oct. 15” R. P. Korf, Editorial Asst., 316 Richard Pl., Ithaca, NY 14850, U.S.A. Nov. 1* through April 15" R. P. Korf, Editorial Asst., 2900 45th St. S. - #5, Gulfport, FL 33711, U.S.A. AVOID mailings that might arrive April 16 to 30™ or October 16” to 31%. French Language Manuscripts 1. E-mail a copy of just your title, abstract, and keywords to the Editorial Assistant (info@mycotaxon.com) for a preview scan. Most technical errors involve these 3 areas. Preview results will be emailed to you quickly. 2. Manuscripts with previewed title, abstract, and keywords should be mailed to the French Language Editor: Prof. Grégoire L. Hennebert, 32 rue de l'Elevage, B-1340 Ottignes - LLN, Belgium Be sure e to send the original manuscript and one identical copy of it (this is for the Index Editor and it does not need to include illustrations), e to enclose reviewer's comment sheet(s) and any covering letter(s) from the reviewer(s), e to provide email addresses and, particularly if they have no email address, fax numbers for each author, e to enclose an electronic version of your final version of your manuscript in Microsoft Word 5.1 (or later) saved in Rich Text Format (rtf), as an email attachment or on a CD or a zip disk (floppy disks are nor suitable), e that you have complied with our requirements for photographic plates or scanned line drawings. In your covering letter provide the following information about your manuscript: e title of the article, e format: 100%, 88% - Elite, or 73% - Pica, e number of pages, e names of the reviewers and their institutional affiliations (at least two reviewers if the paper is more than 20 pages long), e acomplete copy of reviewer's comments, and a statement and/or explanation about any reviewer's comments you have not accepted, e if the manuscript is longer than sixty-four (64) pages or if the number of halftone plates exceeds one plate per ten pages of manuscript, indicate your willingness to accept the excess page or plate charges, e corresponding author's mailing address, E-mail address, and fax number. Provide as well E-mail addresses and/or fax numbers for a// authors, e if there are any accent marks associated with an author's name when spelled in upper and lower case, be certain to advise the editor so that the name can be correctly indexed. 500 We recommend authors' names after the title also be in LARGE AND SMALL CAPITALS or in UPPERCASE. Consult the Author's Checklist below as a final check of the readiness of the manuscript. And finally, pack the manuscript securely for the mails. We look forward to processing your manuscript promptly. You will normally receive an email letter from the Editorial Assistant within 2 weeks of receipt. That letter will provide you with our permanent accession number for your manuscript, and information on whether your manuscript is rejected on technical grounds (and why) or is provisionally accepted. Final acceptance and journal pagination (or rejection on whatever grounds) will be sent to you by the Editor-in-Chief at a later date. 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Contact the Editor-in-Chief PAVEL LIZON Institute of Botany, Dept. of Cryptogams Dubravska 14, SK-843 23 Bratislava, SLOVAKIA E-mail: editor@mycotaxon.com, Fax: (421-2) 5477-1948 or check FAQ on our website at www.mycotaxon.com. 501 , n Pie , ‘ ae te Fi iy ac eae naan ue. Sa vei ieee ci We vale Sania seen os a MG Wage bon is uy Crh pO ane Ubi Cig GAN | . Mer CrvOT NTEaRT™ | egy hi oi rh 4 sci, ¥ iia aid | ik fe Ai cone Meh R 4 | ‘ini rl vines an mh anh ar ER oe F ner ¢/ l ae) Ph Pa ay rt pat wie a sf ey oe é Mn : ieee se! sn wk BL Wd paket cee Lar ea eg by | Teaey iit "a (1 Drite Pe lle a i ee wv ‘e>. ie ae Fy : i idl ay Ri ii Dea Gant ¢, Lik es aye) iat 7 i> and } tn ee BS ‘4 aioe) © Oo 4 CLS EG iMesh oh A ae ep ratraly an dae) Gi | oe , ; Se MINy, ia i ba nein aa Pe arene tee a a vin :, F ; ‘ Py iy r ad) A ry a0 - tes ay rr i : ii, a 7 ay { PATE aL Wr} P A ne yi: iia i hy ty i i, : rerety oi) i ee “4, m a ya! a ; ' : TP . ia ‘ ie i 23 ey, ’ ) ; Ay i [ or a . ve oe Vit; ae t 4 I 7 a aren 7 hung Mh thy Chon tle Ah i rip gh nar uma ite: a iyrtle pe eay Whsni hele ae rane are 4 : ; core - . i Te : au v4 va ; : I, K f Vy 4 ‘ine enti eine ie 4 i 5 : bs : } i . b ; r iy iv oka ee DA ORAS Ble tei riti: Yale ’ yt Renae cn * a Tae © Ow -, 4 ee PN a OUall iam a “ ats Ke ae ae Huh ae sik sa aA te thu nye? aN sbi tn A? Wr ys annem ir, el i : tin ie ay m ny a . =, \, Me P toate a a sa Me at) + La vie a " % \ hy a ee o a ; ay ja igi yar ve iii ‘hin Moe sia Vy a) ln } rs sila cee viwiek ba | i e oe sal gts aN a any a mals ) ia ah ms vie My, e Atal me “ ae ak ar ry ial Halihye ‘e Mis, rm hier Mi ANN ory a at ae ie: ‘tet cay Rec ve Ve me) 7 EO hu ktad in aaa Lis nee aN ier taecen me re. “ ‘ sir theeebie 7 | ; : : i Le fem Pai ; Pi. t! a Ricca all Hy itt iil Lis DS Pe en By Ak, Le Vis, te i + fan 7 ih | F aye ve ela ta be : % ie : - Y; au} IZ 7 i Lee ; i . : , j d x ’ if ' a ane A ‘xd ete Dia : ‘ iia Ad : hie Bint ria pole CA + (ibe saeco ane | nnn ania pte pee ERS hips vie seg ‘adel’ « ai re i er ee Tas an 8 Pieter i AG, aye ae ‘ eae athe Piro By) eae ‘Her asills (i ae are an Sioa ne oe ae ia F 4 1 a, ugh Wea wy Ween aa ane Ly ce oe a \ We Line, in ar ech eeaiay ai ) Cateye PAVE Pent gn ed i i aia Ag i A ia ‘i fi is ake pepe a a - ; : : 7 TM 9 sue 503 AUTHOR INDEX, VOLUME EIGHTY-FIVE Antonin, Vladimir. New species of Marasmius (Basidiomycetes, Tricholomataceae) from tropical Africa-I. Sect. Epiphylli, Fusicystides, Globulares, Hygrometrici and Neosessiles, 85: 109-130. 2003. Antonin, Vladimir, see Ortega & al. Anusarnsunthorn, Vilaiwan, see Jariangprasert & al. Archer, Alan W., see Jariangprasert & al. Asha, L. G., see Keshava Prasad & al. Bahcecioglu, Xeliha & Halvor B. Gjaerum. New and rare rust fungi (Uredinales) from Anatolia (Turkey), 85: 165-173. 2003. Baker, William A. & Gareth Morgan-Jones. Notes on Hnromecetes xXCE Pseudoacrodictys, a novel genus for seven taxa formerly placed in Acrodictys, 85: 371- 391, 2003: Bandala, Victor M., seee Montoya & Bandala Barbosa, Fabio Fernandes, see Gusmao & Barbosa Baseia, [uri Goulart, Maria Auxiliadora Queiroz Cavalcanti & Adauto Ivo Milanez. Additions to our knowledge of the genus Geastrum (Phallales: Geastraceae) in Brazil, 85: 409-416. 2003. Baseia, Iuri Goulart, Tatiana Baptista Gilbertoni & Leonor Costa Maia. Phallus pygmaeus, anew minute species from a Brazilian tropical rain forest, 85: 77-79. 2003. Berndt, Reinhard, see Mennicken & al. Berner, Dana, see Vanky & Berner Bhat, D. J., see Keshava Prasad & al. Boonpragob, Kansri, see Noicharoen & al. Calvelo, S., E. Stocker-W6rtgotter, S. Liberatore & J. A. Elix. Protousnea fibrillatae sp. nov. (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) from Argentina, southern South America, 85; 277-287. 2003. Cao, Z.-M., Y.-J. Yao & D.N. Pegler. Tricholoma zangii, anew name for T. quercicola M. Zang (Basidiomycetes: Tricholomataceae), 85: 159-164. 2003. Castafieda Ruiz, R. F., J. Guarro, S. Velasquez-Noa & J. Gené. A new species of Minimelanolocus and some hyphomycete records from rain forests in Brazil, 85: 231- DISS OAM OES Castaneda Ruiz, R. F., T. Iturriaga, D. W. Minter, M. Saikawa, G. Vidal & S. Velazquez-Noa. Microfungi from Venezuela. A new species of Brachydesmiella, a new combination, and new records, 85: 211-229. 2003. Cavalcanti, Maria Auxiliadora Queiroz, see Baseia & al. Chang, H. S., see Ho & al. Clark, Jim & Steven L. Stephenson. Biosystematics of the myxomycetes Didymium squamulosum, Physarum compressum, and Physarum melleum: additional isolates, 85: 85-89. 2003. Esteve-Raventos, Fernando, see Ortega & al. Elix, J. A., see Calvelo & al. Elix, John A., see Jariangprasert & al. Elix, John A., see Noicharoen & al. Eriksson, Ove E.. Yuea, a new genus in Xylariales, 85: 313-317. 2003. Esslinger, Theodore L.. Tuckermanella, a new cetrarioid genus in western North America, 85: 135-141. 2003. 504 Ge, Qixin, see Zhang & al. Gené, J., see Castaneda Ruiz & al. Gilbertoni, Tatiana Baptista, see Baseia & al. Gjaerum, Halvor B., see Bahcecioglu & Gjaerum Guarro, J., see Castaneda Ruiz & al. Gusmaéo, Luis Fernando Pascholati & Fabio Fernandes Barbosa. Paraceratocladium polysetosum, anew record from Brazil, 85: 81-84. 2003. Haugland, R. see Li & al. Hawksworth, David L. Book reviews and notices, 85: 479-487. 2003. Ho, H. H., H. S. Chang & S. H. Huang. Hyalophytophthora elongata, a new marine species from Taiwan, 85: 417-422. 2003. Huang, S. H., see Ho & al. Hyde, K. D., see Photita & al. Iturriaga, T., see Castafieda Ruiz & al. Jariangprasert, Sureeporn, Alan W. Archer, John A. Elix & Vilaiwan Anusarnsunthorn. New taxa in the lichen genus Pertusaria (lichenized Ascomycotina) from Thailand, 85: 289-295. 2003. Jung, Hack Sung, see Lim & al. Keshava Prasad, T. S., L. G. Asha & D. J. Bhat. A new species of Memnoniella from India, 85: 341-344. 2003. Lee, Jin Sung, see Lim & al. Li, De-Wei, Chin S. Yang, R. Haugland & S. Vesper. A new species of Memnoniella, 85: 253-257. 2003. Liberatore, S., see Calvelo & al. Lim, Young Woon, Jin Sung Lee & Hack Sung Jung. Type studies of Phellinus baumii and Phellinus linteus, 85: 201-210. 2003. Lumyong, P., see Photita & al. Lumyong, S., see Photita & al. Maia, Leonor Costa, see Baseia & al. McKenzie, E. H. C., see Photita & al. Mennicken, Mechthilde, Reinhard Berndt & Franz Oberwinkler. A new rust fungus (Uredinales) on Penaeaceae: Uredo sarcocollae on Saltera sarcocolla, 85: 147- 151. 2003. Milanez, Adauto Ivo, see Baseia & al. Minter, D, W,. see Castaneda Ruiz & al. Montoya, Leticia & Victor M. Bandala. Studies on Lactarius: a new combination and two new species from Mexico, 85: 393-407. 2003. Morgan-Jones, Gareth, see Baker & Morgan-Jones Morgan-Jones, Gareth, see Partridge & Morgan-Jones Natarajan, K. & C. Ravindran. Two new species of the genus Entoloma from south India, 85: 143-146. 2003. Natarajan, K. & C. Ravindran. Two new species of the genus Pholiota from south India, 85: 271-275. 2003. Nicolaisen, Mogens, see Yohalem & al. Nielsen, Karsten, see Yohalem & al. Noicharoen, Kawinnart, Wetchasart Polyiam, Kansri Boonpragob, John A. Elix & Patricia A. Wolseley. New species of Parmotrema and Relicina (Ascomycota, Parmeliaceae) from Thailand, 85: 325-330. 2003. ty ~ >) J\ Oberwinkler, Franz, see Mennicken & al. Ortega, Antonio, Vladimir Antonin & Fernando Esteve-Raventoés. Three interesting thermophilic taxa of Gymnopus (Basidiomycetes. Tricholomataceae): G. pubipes sp. nov., G. pubipes var. pallidopileatus sp. nov.and G. drypohilus var. lanipes comb. nov 85: 67-75. 2003. Partridge, E. Christopher & Gareth Morgan-Jones. Notes on Hyphomycetes. XC. Fusicladosporium, anew genus for Cladosporium-like anamorphs of Venturia, and the pecan scab-inducing fungus, 85: 357-370. 2003. Pegler, D., see Cao & al. Photita, W., P. Lumyong, E. H. C. McKenzie, K. D. Hyde & S. Can yeueh Saprobic fungi on oa wild banana, 85: 345-356. 2003. Polyiam, Wetchasart, see Noicharoen & al. Raitviir, Ain & Hyeon-Dong Shin. New and interesting inoperculate discomycetes from Korea, 85: 331-340. 2003. Ravindran, C., see Natarajan & Ravindran Ryvarden, Leif, see Wu & Ryvarden Saikawa, M., see Castaneda Ruiz & al. Schmit, John Paul & Carol A. Shearer. A checklist of mangrove-associated fungi, their geographical distribution and known host plants, 85: 423-477. 2003. Shearer, Carol A., see Schmit & Shearer Shin, Hyeon-Dong, see Raitviir & Shin Song, Bin. New species of the genus Asterina from China III, 85: 319-324. 2003. Stephenson, Steven L., see Clark & Stephenson Stocker-Wortgotter, E., see Calvelo & al. Thomas, K. Agretious, Laura Guzman-Davalos & P. Manimohan. A new species and new records of Gymnopilus from India, 85: 297-305. 2003. Vanky, Kalman. Taxonomical studies on Ustilaginales. XXIII, 85: 1-65. 2002. Vanky, Kalman & Dana Berner. Microbotryum silybum sp. nov. (Microbotryales), 85: 307-311. 2003. Velasquez-Noa, S., see Castaneda Ruiz & al. Vellinga, Else C. Type studies in Agaricaceae-Chlorophyllum rachodes and allies, 85: 259-270. 2003. Vellinga, Else C., & Zhu L. Yang. Volvolepiota and Macrolepiota — Macrolepiota velosa, a new species from China, 85: 183-186. 2003. Vesper, S., seee Li & al. Wolseley, Patricia A., see Noicharoen & al. Wu, Sheng-Hua. A study of Peniophora species with simple-septate hyphae occurring in Taiwan, 85: 187-199. 2003. Wu, Sheng-Hua & Leif Ryvarden. Polypore fungi newly recorded from Taiwan, 85: 101-108. 2003. Wu, Yue-Ming, see Zhang & Wu Wu, Yue-Ming, see Zhang & al. Xu, Ting, see Zhang & al. Yang, Chin S., see Li & al. Yao, Y.-J., see Cao & al. Yohalem, David S., Karsten Nielsen & Mogens Nicolaisen. Taxonomic and nomenclatural clarification of the onion neck rotting Botrytis species, 85: 175-182. 2003. 506 Zhang, Jiaxiang, Ting Xu & Qixin Ge. Notes on Pestalotiopsis from southern China, 85: 91-99. 23003. Zhang, Tian-Yu, see Zhang & Zhang Zhang, Taian-Yu, see Zhang & al. Zhang, Xiu-Guo & Tian-Yu Zhang. Notes on the genus Pithomyces (Hyphomycetes) from China, 85: 241-245. 2003. Zhang, Xiu-Guo & Yue-Ming Wu. A new species of Pithomyces, 85: 131-133. 2003. Zhang, Xiu-Guo, Yue-Ming Wu & Tian-Yu Zhang. Taxonomic studies of Stemphylium from China, 85: 247-252. 2003. Zhuang, Wen-Ying. A list of discomycetes in China. Supplement II, 85: 153-157. 2003. a) 7 eee \ ” os oe 4 wat Ps ott ae Pe pee th at ed UMS Daye bes ree) a . = Kid ot _ ed Patil 2 y ee -3 i As ; tr. sare a Prd sa on Sy inns ( ie sy on y ia iveia a ae rea ATi, ie no X ul hae Rassias ean Peer memen rs Sire wie aE) er Aerie it : Recaweieed as Seen Tey ane ob STR bg Moms i | Aye Sis ng tel w¢ ist) : el Hii oe Hans set Bo iN eet tk ait | | ARNOT ae 5 Mas tel) “iNew y ars Alaa SvOy sidan * i . nbaitihie ene pant BAP sitio 6 eg one" abe, Wi salteaia Br ch. Bigs nidieeheumn seni 0: ae | ames a Ranaaran ea tinwrily } Py oH ' ee ni Hey Ge IOS F, | : nul a es = et Oe pee si P ha) Cebsir) matte l 7 in a ts t6! is oy ae ate Hon eye i faa vee ~ " ph eh eelweamy yi Laat yA AS, piel aint; : ges Re jie. Wiebe rR Beem se ie Hn ate i tee ty Sa reared q eae | ; le vats ‘aa su vat ea vem ah Ls, ay scihiat shad TAA ; ‘a ni hip high ay BIR ih 7 | “ ; x ; e Rakes’ CaM ey i Mr ig idhivatiobs o 4 le ¥ Hii i vie i a Sty 7 + Mad Ma Atsorty ae ; | | | Heit: at video a ) io) ine ) Ree Pea ee Ia Rayer, ? navel Roan ‘ae Mian (TO ind ied vere yt a) RAN Sas Qe eras teuient’s testy, NaS | >! iat g Goes a os vienna ; ts hae i ne Ay nt. he ST cal | re a Bi, SUL Rh aI Rind Cena: Te very a ’ i er Teta beds tan eat ' ‘ ji a> weikl Mii. a CLG a a eee ; py ; ; q ZY, fi ny j i fad Arty hendd ' | | ilritaeh) a eh | * ne any ® frtpty ifscegA. eis i iy by, ins be tay} nee s0" eh Caring t ra ai Nata Ate ads ; iad gat a aes ; . ; ! Reb RAainly . ae ic itoatcans nest uh ‘s wahieohmanin’y 55994): , Pee A ¢ ie 1% 7 ¥ " i¢ otal tings: ‘ : a) etl dT % } {anh } : ; : 4 (m 4 é alle rive es ery yori th "ea. 3 fe | ince L lees Ba ie ic ie oe | hoa ry ee deeper nc 33," ReaAN Bb OS ita d cp Thoth bgt Sing” haat ag | cane : ha wet ia ia by ay ly! / a SIT CeLY: fae -; it en ‘< ee ih ae ay hy th | Ye arene : ; ih ioe a as ts me, 7 Ve Be MVE | rae ee is . oe Kshs ‘ a ee ; nN Mast Wd e Ih 5 j y , Bh oie oe ee a Ze mips in ee ae iy a hola teh b a | Phot i ee 14). | sah) se ae vines a Mi wi + WEOXy 1e At ain ns ‘f a a ae te ee ~ a / =o oF 508 INDEX TO FUNGOUS AND LICHEN TAXA, VOLUME EIGHTY-FIVE This index includes names of genera, infrageneric taxa, species, and infraspecific taxa, as well as new names of suprageneric taxa. All new names are in CAPITALS. The page number on which a new name is proposed is followed by an asterisk (*). Absidia "see pp. 430-472" Abundisporus roseoalbus 101-102 Acanthostigma "see pp. 430-472" Achaetomium "see pp. 430-472" Acremonium 349, "see pp. 430-472" Acrocordiopsis "see pp. 430-472" Acrodictyella 372 Acrodictys 371-372, 374, 378, 382, 389- 390 appendiculata 371-372, 374 brevicornuta 371-372, 376 corniculata 371-373, 378 deightoni 371, 373, 378, 380, 384 dennisu 371, 373, 384 Cickert 5 sts 1353104356 kamatii 390 malabarica 390 stilboidea 390 viridescens 371, 373, 388 Acrogenospora sphaerocephala 214 Acrostalagmus "see pp. 430-472" Acumispora biseptata 235 phragmospora 214, 235 Adomia "see pp. 430-472" Aecidium asperifoli 168 onosmatis 168 Agaricus procerus var. rachodes 264 rachodes 264 Aigialus "see pp. 430-472" Albophoma "see pp. 430-472" Albotricha longispora 153 Alternaria "see pp. 430-472" alternata 349 Amphisphaeria 313, 316-317 canicollis 316 Aniptodera "see pp. 430-472" Antennospora "see pp. 430-472" Anthostoma chusqueicola 313-317 decipiens 313 vincensii 316 Anthostomella 313, 316, "see pp. 430-472" clypeoides 346, 349 Anthracobia maurilabra 153 melaloma 153 Antrodiella hydrophila 101-102 Anungitea continua 214 Apioclypea "see pp. 430-472" Apiognomonia "see pp. 430-472" Aporophallus subtilis 78 Arachnopeziza colachna 153 Arcyria "see pp. 430-472" Ardhachandra cristaspora 215, 235 selenoides 215 Arecophila "see pp. 430-472" Arenariomyces "see pp. 430-472" Armillaria 179 ostoyae 207 Arthrinium "see pp. 430-472" Arthrobotrys "see pp. 430-472" haptospora 215 musiformis 215 Arthrobotryum 349 Ascochyta "see pp. 430-472" Ascochytella "see pp. 430-472" Ascocratera "see pp. 430-472" Ascotricha "see pp. 430-472" Aspergillus "see pp. 430-472" flavus 349 Asterina 319, "see pp. 430-472" ALTINGIAE 319*-320, 323 [Asterina] BRUCEAE 319-321* butyrospermi 323 lobata 321 LOROPETALI 319, 321*-322 opaca 323 POUTERIAE 319, 322-323* trichocladi 323 Asteromyces "see pp. 430-472" Atrosetophiale flagelliformis 235-236 Astrosphaeriella "see pp. 430-472" Aureobasidium "see pp. 430-472" Bactrodesmium "see pp. 430-472" Bartalinia robillardoides 91 Bathyascus "see pp. 430-472" Belizeana "see pp. 430-472" Beltrania "see pp. 430-472" rhomibca 215 Beltraniella pirozynski 215 portoricensis 224 Beltraniopsis esenbeckiae 215 tanzaniensis 216 Berkleasmium phyllostachydis 349 Biatriospora "see pp. 430-472" Biscogniauxia 313, 316 marginata 316 Blyttiomyces "see pp. 430-472" Botryodiplodia "see pp. 430-472" Botryosphaeria "see pp. 430-472" Botryotinia 175 allii 176 draytoni 153 Botryotrichum "see pp. 430-472" Botrytis 175-177, 179, 181, "see pp. 430- 472" aclada 175-181 allii 175, 177-181 byssoidea 175-179, 181 cinerea 175-176, 178-179 squamosa 175, 178-179 Boubovia micholsoni 153 Brachydesmiella 211-212 anthostomelloidea 211 biseptata 211 caudata 211] 509 EUGECAPIELLANA 211, 212*-214 orientalis 211 verrucosa 211, 214 Brachysporiella 382 arengae 216 Buellia "see pp. 430-472" Caeoma syntherismae 34 Calathella "see pp. 430-472" Camarosporium "see pp. 430-472" Camposporium antennatum 216 Campylospora filicladia 216 Canalisportum caribense 349 Capillataspora "see pp. 430-472" Capnobotrys "see pp. 430-472" Carinispora "see pp. 430-472" Caryospora "see pp. 430-472" Caryosporella "see pp. 430-472" Cephalosporium "see pp. 430-472" Ceratocystis 216 Ceratosportum productum 216 Cercosperma arnaudii 216 Cercospora 368-369, "see pp. 430-472" Cercosporella "see pp. 430-472" Ceriosporopsis "see pp. 430-472" Ceriporiopsis lowei 101-102 Cetraria 135 coralligera 139 fendleri 135, 139 var. coralligera 139 subfendleri 140 weber 140 Chaetendophragmia triangularia 217 Chaetomastia "see pp. 430-472" Chaetomium 349, "see pp. 430-472" longicolleum 217 Chaetopsina fulva 217, 235 Chloridium 349 codinaeoides 217 Chlorophyllum brunneum 259, 261-265, 267 molybdites 267 510 [Chlorophyllum] neomastoideum 265 olivieri 259, 262-264, 267-268 rachodes 259, 261, 263-265, 267-268 subrhacodes 259, 265-267 Choanephora "see pp. 430-472" Chryseidea africana 223 Ciboria fusispora 335-337 peckiana 334 SALMONEA 331, 337*-338 Cintractia ~ dubiosa 10 . Circinella "see pp. 430-472" Circinotrichum "see pp. 430-472" pomnudiense 225 Cirrenalia "see pp. 430-472" Cistella hungarica 153 Cladosporium 168, 357-360, 367-369, "see pp. 430-472" carpophilum 357, 359, 362 caryigenum 357, 360, 364 cladosporioides 346, 349, 367 cubense 217 effusum 364 herbarum 359-360, 367 humile 357, 359, 366 musae 346, 348-349 oxysporum 349, 367 sphaerospermum 367 tenuissimum 367 Clavatospora "see pp. 430-472" Clonostachys compactiuscula 217 Coccomyces illicticola 153 occultus 153 Codinaea "see pp. 430-472" Coilomyces schweinitzi 412-413 Colletotrichum 348, "see pp. 430-472" musae 346, 348, 350 Collybia 67-68 benoisti 69, 72 dryophila var. lanipes 72 obscura 72 tergina 72 Cordana musae 346, 348, 350 Corollospora "see pp. 430-472" Coronopapilla "see pp. 430-472" Cortinellus quercicola 160 Corynascus "see pp. 430-472" Corynespora "see pp. 430-472" cassiicola 350 Crepidotus "see pp. 430-472" Crinigera "see pp. 430-472" Crocicreas 333 ALBIDUM 331-333* espeletarii 333 fuscum 153 Crozalsiella argentina 58 Cryptomyces "see pp. 430-472" Cryptophiale kakombensis 217 udagawae 218 Cryptosphaeria "see pp. 430-472" decipiens 313 Cucullospra "see pp. 430-472" Cucullosporella "see pp. 430-472" Culcitalna "see pp. 430-472" Cunninghamella "see pp. 430-472" Curvularia "see pp. 430-472" geniculata 350 Cylindrocarpon 350, "see pp. 430-472" Cylindrocladium "see pp. 430-472" clavatum 218 Cylindrosympodium variabile 235 Cytospora "see pp. 430-472" Dacrymyces "see pp. 430-472" Dactylaria 350 candidula 218 dimorphospora 350 fusiformis 218, 235 irregularis 218 lepida 218 obtriangularia 218 sparsa 219 zapatensis 219, 237 Dactylella 350 rhombica 350 Dactylospora "see pp. 430-472" stygia 323-333 Dasyscyphus orinocensis 155 Deightoniella torulosa 348, 350 Dendrosporium lobatum 219 Dendryphiella vinosa 219 Deptothyrium "see pp. 430-472" Diaporthe "see pp. 430-472" Dicephalospora 339 rufocornea 337 Dictyoarthrinium sacchari 350 Dictyochaeta 350, "see pp. 430-472" gonytrichoides 237 Dictyophora callichroa 78 Dictyosporium "see pp. 430-472" heptasporum 346, 350 micronesicum 219, 237 Didymella "see pp. 430-472" Didymellina 359 Didymium dictyopodium 88 squamulosum 85-88 Diplococcium capitatum 350 Diplodia 346, 351, "see pp. 430-472" Dothiorella "see pp. 430-472" Drechslera "see pp. 430-472" Dwibeeja "see pp. 430-472" Echinochaete brachyporus 101-103 Ellisembia "see pp. 430-472" Emericella "see pp. 430-472" Emericellopsis "see pp. 430-472" Encoelia cubensis 153, 155 Endophragmiella cesatii 219 naromoruensis 219 uniseptata 220 Endothiella "see pp. 430-472" Engyodontium "see pp. 430-472" Entoloma 143 Subg. Alboleptonia 146 Subg. Entoloma 144 clavistipes 144 INDICUM 143, 144*-145, 492 NILGIRISIENSE 143*, 145, 492 subquadratum 144 Sl talisporum 146 Entosordaria 313, 316 spiralis 316 Entyloma 5-6, 35 ameghinoi 1, 35 bidentis 5-6 chilense 1, 36 compositarum 5-6 dactylidis 34 FRONDOSA 1, 6*-7, 16 guaraniticum 5-6 incertum 5 nectrioides 1, 34-35 phalaridis 34 spegazzinii 5-6 Erinella orinocensis 155-156 Etheirophora "see pp. 430-472" Eudimeriolum "see pp. 430-472" Eupenicillium 346, 351, "see pp. 430-472" Eurotium "see pp. 430-472" Eutypa "see pp. 430-472" Eutypella "see pp. 430-472" Exosporium "see pp. 430-472" monanthotaxis 384 Exserohilum halodes 346, 351 Falciformispora "see pp. 430-472" Farysia barberi 20 Fasciatispora "see pp. 430-472" Flammula 297 Fomes "see pp. 430-472" Frondicola "see pp. 430-472" Fusariella hughesii 237 Fusarium 179, 351, "see pp. 430-472" Fusicladium 357, 359-360, 367-369 amyegdali 362 carpophilum 362 caryigenum 364 effusum 364 var. carpinum 364 pruni 362 pyrorum 359 FUSICLADOSPORIUM 357, 360*, 367- 368 CARPOPHILUM 361-362* EFFUSUM 363-364* HUMILE 365-366* i 4 Fusicoccum "see pp. 430-472" Ganoderma "see pp. 430-472" Geaster limbatus 413 Geasteropsis 409 Geastrum 409 indicum 414 mirabile 413 pectinatum 409-412 saccatum 409-412 schmidelii 412 schweinitzii 409-413 smardae 409-411, 413 striatum 412 triplex 409-411, 414 Gliocephalotrichum 220 Gliocladium "see pp. 430-472" Gliomastix 351, "see pp. 430-472" Gloeosporium "see pp. 430-472" Gloniella "see pp. 430-472" Gnomonia "see pp. 430-472" Gnomoniella "see pp. 430-472" Graphium 351, "see pp. 430-472" penicillioides 216, 219-220, 222 Gymnopilus 297, 304 abramsii 304 angustifolius 304 arenicola 304 bryophilus 297-300 crocias 304 decipiens 304 dilepis 297-298, 300-302 fulgens 304 humicola 304 lepidotus 302 odini 304 rufobrunneus 304 terrestris 304 TERRICOLA 297-298, 302*-303 Gymnopus 67-68, 72 Sect. Levipedes 72 Sect. Vestipedes 72 Subsect. Alkalivirentes 72 benoistii 67-69, 71 dryophilus 73-74 var. LANIPES 67-68, 72*, 74 fuscopurpureus 72 PUBIPES 67-69*, 70-72, 74 var. PALLIDOPILEATUS 67, 71*-72 var. pubipes 71 terginus 74 Gyrothrix "see pp. 430-472" circinata 220 verticiclada 220 Haligena "see pp. 430-472" Halocyphina "see pp. 430-472" Halonectria "see pp. 430-472" Halophytophthora 417, 419, "see pp. 430- 472" bahamensis 419 batemanenesis 419 ELONGATA 417*-420 epistomium 419 exoprolifera 419 masteri 419 polymorphica 419 porrigovesica 419 tartarea 419 Halorosellinia "see pp. 430-472" Halosarpheia "see pp. 430-472" Halosphaeria "see pp. 430-472" Hansfordia ovalispora 346, 351 Hapalophragmium "see pp. 430-472" Haplographium "see pp. 430-472" Haplosporella "see pp. 430-472" Hapsidascus "see pp. 430-472" Harknessia "see pp. 430-472" Harposporium "see pp. 430-472" Heleococcum "see pp. 430-472" Helicascus "see pp. 430-472" Helicogermslita 313, 316 celastri 316 gaudefroyi 316 Helicoma 351 Helicomyces colligatus 220 macrofilamentosus 346, 351 Helicorhoidion "see pp. 430-472" Helminthosporium "see pp. 430-472" palmigenum 220 velutinum 221, 346, 351 Helotium "see pp. 430-472" yunnanense 155 Hemibeltrania malaysiana 237 Hemicorynespora mitrata 346, 351 Hemidonthis "see pp. 430-472" Hemisartorya "see pp. 430-472" Hendersonia "see pp. 430-472" Henicospora coronata 221, 237 Herpotrichia "see pp. 430-472" Heterobasidion annosum 208 Heterosporium 358-359, 368-369 Hexagonia 104 apiaria 104 hirta 101, 103-104 hydnoides 104 Holubovaniella elegans 237 Humaria xylariicola 155 Humicola "see pp. 430-472" Hydnocystis japonica 153 Hydronectria "see pp. 430-472" Hymenoscyphus adlasiopodium 154 consobrinus 154 fucatus 154-155 lasiopodium 154 menthae 154-155 populneus 154 scutulus var. fucatus 155 var. solani 155 sinicus 154 Hyphoderma "see pp. 430-472" Hyphodontia "see pp. 430-472" Hypophloeda "see pp. 430-472" Hypoxylon 219, 313, 316, "see pp. 430- Oe et curvirimum 316 fendleri 316 Idriella "see pp. 430-472" cagnizari 237 cubensis 221 rara 237 Imicles 382 Imonotus "see pp. 430-472" Irene "see pp. 430-472" Irenopsis "see pp. 430-472" Isthmolongispora minima 221, 237 variabilis 221 Isthmotricladia laeensis 221 Itajahya galericulata 78 glutinolens 78 Ityorhoptrum verruculosum 222 Jamesdicksonia dactylidis 34 Julella "see pp. 430-472" Junewangia 371-372 Kallichroma "see pp. 430-472" Karakulinia 357, 359 cerasi 359 Keissleriella "see pp. 430-472" Kionochaeta ramifera 222 Kirschsteiniothelia "see pp. 430-472" Kretzschmaria 313, 316 curvirima 316 Kymadiscus "see pp. 430-472" Kyphophora "see pp. 430-472" Lachnellula laricis 154 rattanicola 154 Lachnum 155 abnorme var. sinotropicum 154 apalum var. beatoni 155 bannaense 154 controversum 154 fushanese 154 hyalopus 154 lanariceps 154 mapirianum var. mapirianum 154-155 var. sinense 154 ORINOCENSE 153, 155* pritzelianum var. longipilosum 154 var. pritzelianum 154 privum 154 pseudosclerotii 154 stipulicala 154 tengu 154 Lactarius 393, 399, 402, 406 Subg. Piperites 393-394 513 ATROVIOLACEUS 393, 395, 403*- 406 514 [Lactarius] circellatus 394, 396-400 CRISTULATUS 393-395*, 396-400 luridus 394, 401-403 MONTANUS 393, 400*-402, 406 pyrogalus 394, 397-399 uvidus 393-394, 400-403, 406 var. montanus 393-394, 400 var. uvidus 400 Lambertella tengii 154 yunnanensis 154-155 Lanspora "see pp. 430-472" Lanzia albo-atra 340 EBURNEA 331, 339*-340 Lasionectria "see pp. 430-472" Lasiothyrium "see pp. 430-472" Lautospora "see pp. 430-472" Lecanidion "see pp. 430-472" Lentescospora "see pp. 430-472" Lepiota 183 bohemica 259-261, 263, 266 brunnea 259, 261-263 olivieri 263 rhacodes 264 var. hortensis 259-260, 263 var. olivieri 263 subrhacodes 259, 265 Lepiotella 183 brunnea 183-184 Lepiotophyllum rachodes 264 Leptographium "see pp. 430-472" Leptomassaria 313, 316 simplex 316 unedonis 316 Leptosphaerella 352 Leptosphaeria "see pp. 430-472" Leptosphaerulina "see pp. 430-472" Leptothyrium "see pp. 430-472" Leucoagaricus americanus 268 nympharum 266 Leucocoprinus rachodes 264 rhacodes 264 Lignincola "see pp. 430-472" Lineolata "see pp. 430-472" Linocarpon "see pp. 430-472" Lophiostoma "see pp. 430-472" Lophiotrema "see pp. 430-472" Lophodermium implicatum 154 validum 154 Lulworthia "see pp. 430-472" Lunulospora 222 Macalpinomyces 50, 52, 58 chrysopogonicola 52 effusus 52 ELIONURI-TRIPSACOIDIS 1, 43*-44, 46 ELYMANDRAE 1, 58* nigritanae 52 PRETORIENSIS 1, 57* simplex 52 trichopterygis 52 tristachyae 52 UGANDENSIS 1, 50*-52, 54 Macrolepiota 183-184, 267 albida 184 bohemica 260, 262 brunnea 184, 261 BRUNNESCENS 183-184*, 186 clelandi 183, 186 eucharis 186 excoriata 267 mastoidea 184 ollivieri 263 procera 184 PULCHELLA 183-184*, 186 rhacodes 264 var. bohemica 259-260, 262 var. brunnea 261-262 var. hortensis 259, 262-263 f. olivier1 263 VELOSA 183, 184*-186 venenata 259, 266-268 Macrophoma "see pp. 430-472" Manglicola "see pp. 430-472" Mangrovispora "see pp. 430-472" Mapea "see pp. 430-472" Marasmius 109, 117 Sect. Epiphylli 109, 116 Sect. Fusicystides 109, 121 Sect. Globulares 109, 111, 114, 117, 119, 126, 129 Sect. Hygrometrici 109, 128 Sect. Neosessiles 109, 112 Subsect. Eufoliatini 116 albertianus 117 ALBIDOCREMEUS 109, 110*-111 [Marasmius] arborescens 117, 119 bekolacongoli 114 brunneolus 129 BURURIENSIS 109, 111*-113 caliensis 116 calvus 126 CAMERUNENSIS 109, 113*-114 campanella 121 caryotae 114 cecropiae 113 cohortalis 118, 130 corbariensis 122 ditopotrama 129 dryophilus var. lanipes 68, 72 exustoides 123 exustus 123 fishii 123 flavus 111 FOLUPHILUS 109, 115*-116 fusicystis 121 goossensiae 117, 126 griseoroseus 112 ilicis 123 isabellinus 121 jodocodos 117, 126 KIGWENENSIS 109, 116*-117 kroumirensis 123 LACTEOIDES 109, 118*-119 LONGICYSTIDIATUS 109, 119*-121 micraster 123 MINUTOIDES 109, 121*-122, 124 var. ANGUSTISPORUS 109, 123*- 124 var. minutoides 124 minutus 122 MURAMWYANENSIS 109, 124*-126 neosessilis 112 niveus 119 nivicola 118 NYIKAE 109, 126*-128 ochraceus 126 oreades 126 parviconicus 122 paulensis 113 pellucidus 118-119 phlebodiscus 126 poromycenoides 130 rhysophyllus 117, 129 riparius 126 sanctixaveril 116 silvicola 126 strictipes 119 terginus 72 f. benoistii 69, 72 TSHOPOENSIS 109, 128*-129 ustilago 112 violaceus 114 witteanus 117, 126 zenkeri 114 Mariammaea "see pp. 430-472" Marinosphaera "see pp. 430-472" Massarina "see pp. 430-472" Megacladosporium 359, 368 carpophilum 362 pyrorum 359, 368 Megasporoporia cavernulosa 101, 104 Melaspilea "see pp. 430-472" Meliola "see pp. 430-472" altingiae 319 BTS Memnoniella 253, 255-256, 341, 343, "see pp. 430-472" aterrima 253, 343-344 echinata 253, 255-256, 343-344 INDICA 341*-344 leprosa 253, 256, 343 levispora 253, 256, 343-344 LONGISTIPITATA 253, 254*-256 stilboidea 253, 256, 343 subsimplex 253-256, 343, 345-346, 352 zingiberis 253, 256, 343-344 Menisporopsis "see pp. 430-472" Metarhizium "see pp. 430-472" Metasphaeria "see pp. 430-472" Microascus "see pp. 430-472" Microbotryum 307-308, 311 cardui 308, 310-311 cichorii 308, 311 onopordi 308, 311 scolymi 308, 311 scorzonerae 308, 311 SILYBUM 307, 308*-309, 311 tragopogonis-pratensis 308 Microdochium "see pp. 430-472" Micropeltis "see pp. 430-472" Minimelanolocus 231, 352 leptotrichus 222 miscanthi 235 OLIVACEUS 231, 232*-235 Moellerodiscus "see pp. 430-472" 516 Moesziomyces 20 bullatus 8, 20 Mollisia "see pp. 430-472" caesia 154 melaleuca 154 Monochaetia camelliae 91 Monodictys "see pp. 430-472" trichocladiopsis 352 Moreaua 57 APICIS* Nos Mortierella "see pp. 430-472" Mucor "see pp. 430-472" Mycocentrolobium "see pp. 430-472" Mycoleptodiscus terrestris 222 Mycosphaerella 346, 352, 357, 359, 367, 369, "see pp. 430-472" fijiensis 348 musae 348 tassiana 359, 367 Mycovellosiella "see pp. 430-472" Myriostoma 409 Myrothecium setiramosum 237 Nais "see pp. 430-472" Nakataea fusispora 222 Nectria consors 223 Neocosmospora ''see pp. 430-472" Neolinocarpon "see pp. 430-472" Neosartorya "see pp. 430-472" Neovossia barclayana 14, 16 horrida 16 macrospora 14 Nia "see pp. 430-472" Nigrospora "see pp. 430-472" oryzae 352 Nimbospora "see pp. 430-472" Nipicola "see pp. 430-472" Niptera excelsior 154 Nypaella "see pp. 430-472" Obolarina 313 Ocostaspora "see pp. 430-472" Octospora humosa 154 Ophiobolus 346, 352, "see pp. 430-472" Ophiodeira "see pp. 430-472" Orbilia delicatula 154 luteorubella 155 Oxydothis "see pp. 430-472" Oxyporus corticola 101, 104 Paecilomyces "see pp. 430-472" Papulaspora "see pp. 430-472" Paraceratocladium 81-82 malaysianum 81-82 polysetosum 81-83 seychellarum 81-82 silvestre 81-82 triseptatum 81-82 Paraliomyces "see pp. 430-472" Parapleurotheciopsis inaequiseptata 238 Parascutellinia 153 arctespora 155 Parasympodiella laxa 223, 238 Parmelia fendleri 139 Parmotrema 325 EUPLECTINUM/325,3267-327 thailandicum 326 Passeriniella "see pp. 430-472" Patellaria "see pp. 430-472" Payosphaeria "see pp. 430-472" Pedumispora "see pp. 430-472" Penicilliopsis "see pp. 430-472" Penicillium 352, "see pp. 430-472" Peniophora 187-188 bicornis 187-190 borbonica 187-188, 191-192, 196 malaiensis 187-188, 193-194, 198 reidii 187-188, 192, 195-196 TAIWANENSIS 187-188, 195, 197*- 198 Penzigomyces 382 Perenniporia isabellina 101, 104 Periconia "see pp. 430-472" digitata 345-346, 352 lateralis 346, 352 Periconiella musae 346, 348, 352 Peritrichospora "see pp. 430-472" Peroneutypella "see pp. 430-472" Perrotia atrocitrina 155 Pertusaria 289, 291-293 alboaspera var. alboaspera 290 var. DEFICIENS 289, 290*-291 congesta 290 glaucocinera 290 HYLOCOLA 289, 291-292* injuneana 292 LITCHICOLA 289, 291, 292*-293 nahaeoensis 289 omkoiensis 289 orarensis 293 paradoxica 292 pustulata 289 subplanaica 293 var. subplanaica 294 var. TETRASPORA 289, 291, 293*- 294 velloziae 292-293 verruculifera 290 Pestalotia 91, "see pp. 430-472" aloes 92 calabae 97 clusiae 92 elasticola 93 funerea var. eusora 93 var. macrochaeta 94, 98 f. triseta 98 glandicola 94 ixorae 97 laughtonae 94 leprogena 97 lignorum 98 linearis 96 macrochaeta 94 maculiformans 97 mangifolia 95 menezesiana 97 oxyanthi 98 populi-nigrae 98 rhipsalidis 97 scirpina 95 sonsensis 98 triseta 98 uvicola 98 versicolor var. americana 95 o17 vismiae 96 Pestalotiopsis 91, 97, 99, "see pp. 430- Ai. ALOES 91*-92, 99 calabae 97 CLUSIAE 91-92*, 99 elasticae 93 ELASTICOLA 91, 93*, 99 EUSORA 91, 93*, 99 glandicola 94 ixorae 97 LAUGHTONAE 91, 94*, 99 leprogena 97 MACROCHAETA 91, 94*-95, 99 maculiformans 97 MANGIFOLIA 91, 95*, 99 menezesiana 97 oxyanthi 98 populi-nigrae 98 SCIRPINA 91, 95*-96, 99 sonsensis 98 triseta 98 uvicola 98 versicolor 96 VISMIAE 91, 96*, 99 Petriella "see pp. 430-472" Petriellidium "see pp. 430-472" Peziza pseudoviolaceae 155 Phaeoisaria 352 infrafertilis 223 Phaeoisariopsis "see pp. 430-472" Phaeosphaeria "see pp. 430-472" Phaeothyrium "see pp. 430-472" Phakopsora apoda 8 Phallus 77 Subg. Aporophallus 78-79 Subg. Endophallus 78 Subg. Itajahya 78 Subg. Phallus 78-79 Subg. Satyrus 78 callichrous 78 galericulatus 78 glutinolens 78 impudicus 78 indusiatus 78 PYGMAEUS 77, 78*-79 subtilis 78 Phellinus 201, 204, 207, "see pp. 430-472" baumii 201-208 518 [Phellinus] linteus 201-208 lonicerinus 204-207 pini 208 Phialastrum 409 Phialocephala folticola 223 humicola 223 Phialophora "see pp. 430-472" Phialophorophoma "see pp. 430-472" Phlyctochytrium "see pp. 430-472" Pholiota 271 Subg. Flavidula 275 Subg. Pholiota 273 Sect. Flavidula 275 Sect. Pholiota 273 bambusina 271 CYSTIDIATA 271, 273*-275 erinaceella 275 schraderi 273 SYLVA 271*-273 truncata 271 Phoma 352, "see pp. 430-472" Phomatospora "see pp. 430-472" Phomopsis 352, "see pp. 430-472" Phragmodothis "see pp. 430-472" Phragmospathula "see pp. 430-472" Phyllachora "see pp. 430-472" Phyllosticta "see pp. 430-472" Physalacria "see pp. 430-472" Physalospora "see pp. 430-472" Physalosporopsis "see pp. 430-472" Physarum compressum 85-88 gyrosum 88 melleum 85-88 nicaraguense 88 Physoderma 35 Phytophthora 418, "see pp. 430-472" Piricauda "see pp. 430-472" Pithomyces 131, 241 atro-oltvaceus 242 chartarum 241, 245, 353 CLAVISPOROPSIS 241, 242*-243 clavisporus 243 elaeidicola 242 GLADIOLI 241*-242 graminicola 241, 243-244 maydicus 241, 244 MUSAE 131*-132 pavell 244 sacchari 241, 245 SACCHARICOLA 241, 243% Platysma fendleri 139 Plectophomella "see pp. 430-472" Pleospora "see pp. 430-472" Pleurophomopsis "see pp. 430-472" Pleurotheciopsis bramleyi 224 Pleurothecitum recurvatum 223 Podosporium "see pp. 430-472" Pollaccia 369 Polyporus "see pp. 430-472" dictyopus 101, 104 Polyrhizon "see pp. 430-472" Polystigma "see pp. 430-472" Preussia "see pp. 430-472" Proliferodiscus dingleyi 155 euroleucus 334 Protousnea 277-279, 282, 284 alectoroides 278 duseni 278 FIBRILLATAE 277-280*, 281-283, 285 magellanica 278-279 malacea 278 poeppigii 278 scrobiculata 278 teretiuscula 278 Psathyrella "see pp. 430-472" Pseudallescheria "see pp. 430-472" PSEUDOACRODICTY S*371.4373%, 376, 378, 380, 382, 388-389 APPENDICULATA 374*-376 BREVICORNUTA 376*-378, 382, 389 CORNICULATA 378*-380, 389-390 DEIGHTONII 380*-382, 384, 389 DENNISII 383-384*, 386 EICKERI 373, 380, 385-386*, 388-389 VIRIDESCENS 386-388*, 389-390 Pseudobotrytis terrestris 238, 345-346, 353 Pseudocercospora 346, 353, "see pp. 430- 472" Pseudodictyosporium wauense 224 Pseudospiropes leptotrichus 222 Psilachnum hainanense 155 Psilopezia deligata 155 Pterosporidium "see pp. 430-472" Puccinia 165, 168-169 caricina 165 caricis 166 echinophorae 171 jackyana 170 johreniae 167 johreniae-alpinae 167 lactucarum 165-166 MALATYENSIS 165-166* menthae 165, 167 ONOSMATIS 165, 167*-168 petasiti-poarum 168 poarum 168 podospermi 170 recondita 168 umbilici 169 UMBILICICOLA 165, 169* YIEDIZIMIGSHI7OF-171 Pullularia "see pp. 430-472" Pulvinula miltina 155 Pycnidiophora "see pp. 430-472" Pycnoporus "see pp. 430-472" Pyrenogaster 409 Pyrenographa "see pp. 430-472" Pyriculariopsis parasitica 353 Pythiogeton "see pp. 430-472" Pythium "see pp. 430-472" Quintaria "see pp. 430-472" Radugera 409 Ramularia 369, "see pp. 430-472" Ravenelia "see pp. 430-472" Relicina 325 palmata 325, 329 POLYCARPA 325, 327-328* subabstrusa 328 subconnivens 325, 329 Remispora "see pp. 430-472" Repetophragma dennisi 224 Restiosporium DAPSILANTHI 1, 44, 48, 50* Rhabdospora "see pp. 430-472" Rhexoacrodictys 371-372, 390 519 queenslandica 224 Rhipidocarpon "see pp. 430-472" Rhizomucor "see pp. 430-472" Rhizophila "see pp. 430-472" Rhizopus "see pp. 430-472" Rhytidhysteron rufulum 336 Robillarda "see pp. 430-472" Rosellinia 313, 316 Saccardoella "see pp. 430-472" Salsuginea "see pp. 430-472" Sarcopodium circinosetiferum 238 Satchmopsis brasiliensis 224 Savoryella "see pp. 430-472" Schizochytrium "see pp. 430-472" Schizophyllum "see pp. 430-472" Schizothyrium "see pp. 430-472" Schizotrichum "see pp. 430-472" Sclerotium "see pp. 430-472" Scolecobasidium 353, "see pp. 430-472" dendroides 224 Scolecotrichum "see pp. 430-472" Scopulariopsis "see pp. 430-472" Scytalidtum "see pp. 430-472" Sebacina "see pp. 430-472" Seiridium anceps 91 breviaristatum 91 ceratosporum 91 mali 91 Selenodriella 211, 225 POMNUDIENSIS 211, 225* Selenosporella 216, 219 acicularis 225 curvispora 225 Septomyrothecium 226 uniseptatum 225 Septoria 369, "see pp. 430-472" Setella "see pp. 430-472" Skeletocutis sensitiva 101, 104 Skierka "see pp. 430-472" Soloacrospora microverrucosa 238 Solosympodiella clabata 226 Sopagraha elegans 226 520 Sophronia brasiliensis 78 Sorokinella appendiculospora 155 Sorosporium 20, 34 anadelphiae 59 argentinum 33 bullatum 8 cantonense 30 catharticum 11] chardonianum 8 cornutum 2] cymbopogonis 25 densiflorum 27 ehrenbergii 10 guaraniticum 39 ladharense 28-29 mutabile 29 nardi 30 pappianum | 1 panici-carthaginense 59 penniseti 11 pretoriense 27, 29 reverdattoanum 3 spermoideum 3 1 terrareginalense 30 texanum 8 urelytri 60 Sphaceloma "see pp. 430-472" Sphacelotheca 20, 58 argentina 58 bengalensis 21 columellifera 28 concentrica 27 consueta 28 cordobensis 33 cymbopogonis 28 cymbopogonis-afronardi 29 cymbopogonis-coloratii 28-29 elymandrae 58 furcata 27 guaranitica 39 holci-sorghi 34 lanigeri 27 macrochloae 3 mildbraedii 29 moggil 27, 29 mutabilis 29 mutila 28-29 nardi 30 natalensis 28-29 panamensis 3 | panjabensis 11 penniseti 11 penniseti-japonici 12 pennisetina 13 pretoriensis 57 reiliana 34 schoenanthi 27 sorghi 34 spermoidea 31 stewartil 11-12 valesiaca 3 yeni 28 zilligii 3 1 Sphaeromyces 353 Sphaeronaema "see pp. 430-472" Sphaerosporella brunnea 155 tarwania 155 Sphaerostilbe "see pp. 430-472" Sphaerulina "see pp. 430-472" Spicaria "see pp. 430-472" Spilocaea 369 Spirogramma 313 boergesenii 313 Sporidesmiella hyalosperma 226 var. nova-zelandiae 226 Sporidesmium "see pp. 430-472" aquaticum 346 minigelatinosum 226 polymorphum 226 Sporisortum 19-20, 32, 34, 43, 46, 48 ABSCONDITUM 1, 36%, 38, 41, 43 ANADELPHIAE 1, 58* ARGENTINUM 1, 58% BARBERI 1, 20*-21, 23, 32 BENGALENSE 1, 21*, 32 BERNDTII 1, 37*-38, 41, 43 cantonense 30 catinatum 48 catharticum | 1] cenchri 8, 20 COMPACTUM 1, 22-23*, 25, 32 cordobense 33-34 CYMBICUM)'1, 22-23 *9258 32 CYMBOPOGONIS 1, 25*-26, 32 cymbopogonis-colorati 28 cymbopogonis-distantis 26, 32 decorsei 48 DENSIFLORUM 1, 27*, 32 [Sporisortum] DIVISUM 1, 10*, 16, 18, 20 dubiosum 9-10, 20 ehrenbergii 10, 20 elionuri 43, 46 elionuri-tristis 43, 46 ERIOCHRYSIS 1, 53-54, 56* guaraniticum 39, 43 LANIGERIE 1627*, 32 loudetiae-pedicellatae 48 loudetiae-superbae 48 martini 3 | MILDBRAEDI 17:29", 32 MUTABILE 1, 29*-30, 32 NARDI 1, 30*, 32 pamparum 19 panamense 25, 31-32 PANICI-CARTHAGINENSE 1, 59* panici-leucophaei 19, 34 PARODI 1, 60* penniseti 11-12, 19-20 penniseti-japonici 12, 19-20 PENNISETINUM,1, 13%, 20 pretoriense 57 reilianum 34 rhytachnes 54, 56 RHYTACHNES-ROTTBOELLIOIDIS 1,-53-54*.56 schizachyrii 41-43 sorghi 34 SPEGAZZINII 1, 33* SPERMOIDEUM 1, 31*-32 SPHACELATUM 1, 13%, 15-16, 20 TOTHII 1, 14*-15, 20, 25 tristachyae-hispidae 48 TRISTACHY AE-NODIGLUMIS 1, 44, 46*-48 tristachydis 48 URELY URL 607 ZAMBIANUM 1, 41, 42*-43 Sporormiella "see pp. 430-472" Sporoschisma nigroseptata 227 saccardoi 227, 346, 353 Sporotrichum "see pp. 430-472" Stachybotrys 253-256, "see pp. 430-472" atra 227 var. microspora 227 chartarum 253 echinata 256 longispora 238 521 nephrospora 346, 353 ruwenzoriensis 353 subsimplex 256 suthepensis 353 theobromae 353 Stachylidium "see pp. 430-472" bicolor 227, 353 Stemphylium 247 ALLII-CEPAE 247, 250*-251 bolickii 251 callistephi 248-250 floridanum 250 GOSSYPII 247*-248 LACTUCI 247, 248*-249 MOMORDI 247, 249*-250 solani 248, 251 Stictis "see pp. 430-472" carnea 155 Stigmina "see pp. 430-472" Stilbocrea gracilipes 353 Stilbohypoxylon 313, 316 quisquiliarum 316 Stromatinia gladioli 155 Stypella "see pp. 430-472" Subamaniomyces fusisaprophyticus 227 Subulispora britannica 228 Swampomyces "see pp. 430-472" Sympodioplanus 23 1 capensis 235 Syncephalastrum "see pp. 430-472" Talaromyces "see pp. 430-472" Tatraea 334, 337 macrospora 334 Terriera breve 155 Terrostella 409 Tetraploa "see pp. 430-472" aristata 346, 354 Thalassogena "see pp. 430-472" Thecaphora 57 apicis 57 Theleporus calcicolor 101, 105-106 Thermophymatospora "see pp. 430-472" Thielavia "see pp. 430-472" pa2 Thozetella cristata 228 Thraustochytrium "see pp. 430-472" Tilletia ajrekari 14 asperifolia 36 barclayana 14, 20 eremophila 1, 36 pennisetina 14, 16 Tirispora "see pp. 430-472" Tirisporella "see pp. 430-472" rhytachnes 54, 56 Tolyposporium 20 christensenii 26 cymbopogonis 25 ehrenbergii 10 senegalense 8 Torpedospora "see pp. 430-472" Torula herbarum 354 f. quaternella 354 Trametes "see pp. 430-472" pocas 101, 107 Tranzscheliella 2, 4 comburens 2, 4 HALOPHILA 1-2*, 4 HALOPHILOIDES 1, 2*-4 hypodytes 2, 4 JACKSONII 1, 3*-4 MACROCHLOAE 1, 3*-4 MINIMA 1, 3*-4 otophora 2 SPARTI 1, 4* VENTANENSIS 1, 4* williamsii 2, 4 Trematosphaeria "see pp. 430-472" Trichaster 409 Trichocladium "see pp. 430-472" elegans 221 Trichoderma 354, "see pp. 430-472" Tricholoma 160, 162 Sect. Caligata 159-160, 162 bakamatsutake 162 fulvocastaneum 162 magnivelare 160 matsutake 159-162 var. qinggang 162 nauseosum 160 quercicola 159-161 ZANGII 159, 161*-163 Trichopeziza 336 adenostylidis 334, 336 araliae 336 JUGLANDIS 331, 334*-336 meleagris 336 mollissima 336 Trichophaea donglingensis 155 Trichothecium microvermisporum 228 Tricladium "see pp. 430-472" Tubeufia "see pp. 430-472" Tuburcinia penniseti 8 ranunculi-gouani 35 TUCKERMANELLA 135*-136, 140 ARIZONICA 135, 137*-138, 141 CORALLIGERA 139*-140 FENDLERI 139*; 141 PSEUDOWEBERI 135, 139*-141 SUBFENDLERI 140*-141 WEBERI 135, 138, 140* Tuckermannopsis 135-137 coralligera 139 fendleri 135, 139 orbata 137-138 sepincola 137-138 Tulasnella "see pp. 430-472" Tunicatispora "see pp. 430-472" Ulkenia "see pp. 430-472" Ulocladium "see pp. 430-472" Uredo SARCOCOLLAE 147*-150 Urohendersonia "see pp. 430-472" Uromyces 165 caryophyllinus 171 dianthi 165, 171 eurotiae 165, 171 Usnea 278, 282 Subg. Protousnea 278 Ustilaginoidea 35 Ustilago 2, 20, 34 abortifera 34 argentina 33 bahuichivoensis 16, 18-20 barberi 20 beckeropsidis 16, 19 bengalensis 21 bonariensis 19 cacheutensis 33° cardui 310 [Ustilago] cenchri 8 cordobensis 33-34 dubiosa 35 furcata 27 guaranitica 39 halophila 2 halophiloides 2 hordei 2 hypodytes 2 jacksonii 3 var. ventanensis 4 kamerunensis 18-20 lanigeri 27, 29 lycoperdospora 1, 35 macrochloae 3 mildbraedii 29 minima 3 nardi 30 negeriana 33 pappiana 11-12 panici-carthaginenis 59 panjabensis 11 paraguayensis 1, 36 parodii 60 penniseti 11-12 var. tonkinensis 12 var. verruculosa | ] penniseti-japonici 12 peridermiospora 35 pretoriensis 57 reessiana 310 scheffleri 19 schoenanthi 27, 29 sorghicola 34 sparti 4 spermoidea 3 ] stipae 3 stipae-barbatae 2 striiformis 34 syntherismae 33-34 523 Varicosporina "see pp. 430-472" Venturia 357, 359, 368-369 acerina 357, 359, 366 carpophila 357, 359, 362 cerasi 359 pirina 359 Verruculina "see pp. 430-472" Verticillium "see pp. 430-472" tenuissimum 345-346, 354 Vibrissea "see pp. 430-472" sporogyra 155 | Virgaria "see pp. 430-472" Volutina "see pp. 430-472" Volvolepiota 183 albida 183-184, 186 brunnea 183-184, 186 Wenyingia sichuanensis 155 Westerdykella "see pp. 430-472" Wiesneriomyces "see pp. 430-472" laurinus 228 Xylaria 313, 316 Xylomyces "see pp. 430-472" YUEA 313-314*, 316 CHUSQUEICOLA 314*-315 Zalerion "see pp. 430-472" Zelosatchmopsis sacciformis 228 Zopftiella "see pp. 430-472" Zygosporium "see pp. 430-472" germinatum 228 oscheoides 346, 354 524 Reviewers, Volume Eighty-Five The Editors express their appreciation to the following individuals who have, prior to acceptance for publication, reviewed one or more of the papers appearing in this volume. C. Bas D.M. Henderson J.M.McKemy R, Berndt G. L. Hennebert E. H. C. McKenzie P.K. Buchanan _ K. Hoiland K. K. Nakasone D. Calonge S. C. Jong T. H. Nash I S. A. Cantrell B. Kendrick H. Osorio L..M. Cartris J. Kohlmeyer Z. Pouzar Je) Crane P. Kirk L. Ryvarden P. W. Crous R. P. Korf J. E. Taylor D.E. Desjardin T. Lessee R. E. Tullos F. D. Calonge J. C. Landolt L. Vrimoed R. D. Goos P. Lizon W.-y. Zhuang G. Guzman P. M. McCarthy Publication Date for Volume Eighty-Four MYCOTAXON for October-December 2002, volume 84: 1-512, was issued on December 26, 2002. MYCOTAXON is published quarterly during the periods of January-March, April-June, July- September, and October-December by Mycotaxon, Ltd., 316 Richard Pl., Ithaca, NY 14850- 0264. Periodical postage paid at Ithaca, NY, and at additional mailing offices. Subscription rates: In U.S. and possessions, one year, $310.00; reduced rate for personal subscribers, one year, $150.00. Foreign subscriptions, add $15 for surface mail, or add $55 for ISAL air mail. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Mycotaxon, Ltd., P.O. Box 264, Ithaca, NY 14851- 0264. [Contents continued from the back of front cover] Nomenclatural novelties proposed in Mycotaxon volume 85 Errata Instructions to Authors (updated January 2003) and Author’s Checklist Author index, volume eighty-five Index to fungous and lichen taxa, volume eighty-five Reviewers, Volume Eighty-Five Publication Date for Volume Eighty-Four 489 492 493 503 507 524 524 Penetamper ine he asco ee EDITOR-IN-CHIEF PERT pete rat at Department of -Cryptogams EES ie taitss iin iy Nia ee ‘ Institute of Botany PUP RCH aE og | Dibra 14 SK-845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia Dav an ~Karen D.Gettelman ; Grégoire L. 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